TSDuck User’s Guide

Preface

TSDuck is a free and open-source MPEG Transport Stream Toolkit. It contains a set of simple but flexible command-line utilities that run on Linux, Windows, macOS and BSD systems.

Through tsp, the "transport stream processor", many types of analysis and transformation can be applied on live or recorded transport streams. This utility can be extended through "plugins". Existing plugins can be enhanced, and new plugins can be developed using a library of C++ classes.

This document is the user’s guide for TSDuck. It explains the basic concepts of TSDuck and contains reference sections for all commands and plugins.

Structure of this guide:

The chapter 2 describes the data formats (transport stream, binary sections files, XML files).
The chapter 3 describes all TSDuck commands.
The chapter 4 describes all tsp plugins.
The chapter 5 provides some concrete examples of TSDuck usage.
The chapter 7 describes the level of test and support for some hardware devices, mainly DVB receivers and Dektec, HiDes or VATek devices.

The world of Digital Television is built on top of a set of robust standards from various bodies. Understanding these standards and how they interact is essential to use TSDuck. The relationships between these standards are explained in section 2.4.

A bibliography of the main standard documents, as well as other useful links, is provided in the Bibliography at the very end of this guide. Each time it is necessary to refer to a standard document, a link similar to this one is present: [ISO-13818-1]. Just follow the link to have the complete description of the document in the bibliography.

Like any technical field, Digital Television uses a lot of acronyms. A list of them is provided in section F.1.

License

TSDuck is released under the terms of the license which is commonly referred to as "BSD 2-Clause License" or "Simplified BSD License" or "FreeBSD License". This is a liberal license which allows TSDuck to be used in a large number of environments. See the appendix E or [BSD-2C] for more details.

Documentation format

The TSDuck user’s guide is now formatted for HTML. The file tsduck.html is monolithic and self-sufficient, without reference to external images. Therefore, this HTML file can be downloaded, saved, and copied, as long as the license and content are not modified.

The TSDuck user’s guide is now built using asciidoctor, from a set of text files which are maintained alongside the source code, in the same git repository. Up to TSDuck version 3.37, the user’s guide was a Microsoft Word document. The document was distributed and available online as a PDF file only.

PDF files are primarily designed as page-oriented documents for printing. The TSDuck user’s guide is now too large to be printed and a PDF file is no longer necessary because the HTML version proposes the same navigation features as the previous PDF file (expandable table of contents in a left-side panel).

A PDF version tsduck.pdf is still available. However, due to limitations in the PDF generator of asciidoctor, the rendering is sometimes not as good as the HTML document.

Documentation set

The TSDuck documentation set is made of:

TSDuck User’s Guide (also from tsduck.io and in PDF format)
TSDuck Developer’s Guide (also from tsduck.io and in PDF format)
TSDuck Programming Reference

1. Transport Stream Toolkit Overview

1.1. Operating system selection guidelines

TSDuck runs on Linux, Windows, macOS and BSD systems. Here is a brief summary of pros and cons of using TSDuck on the various operating systems.

Linux pros:
- Availability of a powerful shell environment. TSDuck is a lightweight toolkit with elementary tools and plugins which can be combined in an infinite number of ways. The user can obtain even more flexibility when combining them with the bash shell and all standard UNIX utilities (grep, sed, awk, etc.) See some complex examples in section 5.2.
Linux cons:
- When used in a mobile environment, a laptop PC with Linux is required.
- Some DVB tuners are not supported on Linux. Some supported tuners do not work well on Linux. Make sure to get fully supported DVB hardware.
Windows pros:
- Available on all "average user" laptop PC. Useful for transport stream capture and analysis in the field.
Windows cons:
- No or limited shell environment.
- Some limitations in the support of hardware DVB/ATSC/ISDB tuner devices (see section 7.1.2.2, for more details). The development of the DirectShow framework which supports these tuners seems stopped. Recent modulation schemes are not supported.
macOS pros:
- Availability of a powerful shell environment, just another UNIX system, just like Linux. Powerful user-friendly system.
macOS cons:
- Currently no support for hardware tuners and Dektec devices. So, macOS is recommended only when dealing with transport stream files, IP networking or VATek-based modulators.
BSD systems: For aficionados only.

Summary: Use Linux if you can. Use Windows when you do not have Linux (typically a Windows laptop in the field). Use macOS if you have a Mac and do not need DVB or Dektec hardware.

1.2. Developing applications using the TSDuck library

TSDuck is mainly a large C++ library for Digital TV applications. All TSDuck commands and plugins are thin wrappers on top of C++ classes from this library.

This library can be used by third-party applications, outside the TSDuck tools and plugins. To do that, you must install the "TSDuck development environment".

Using the TSDuck library, you can develop independent Digital TV applications or TSDuck plugins. The provided services include low-level features such as manipulating TS packets, intermediate features such as demuxing and packetizing tables and high-level features such as running TS processing pipelines inside your application (which means something like including tsp in your application).

See [TSDuck-Dev] and [TSDuck-Prog] for more details on the TSDuck library. This is a set of doxygen-generated pages with tutorials and reference documentation for all C++ classes in the library.

Some high-level features of the TSDuck library can also be used from Python or Java, typically running TS processing pipelines or manipulating tables and sections inside Python or Java applications. The TSDuck Python and Java bindings are also documented in [TSDuck-Prog].

The following figure illustrates the TSDuck software and how it can interact with third-party applications.

Figure 1. TSDuck software architecture

1.3. Installing TSDuck

The TSDuck installers are available from the "Download" section of the TSDuck Web site (see [TSDuck]). The basic installation provides all TSDuck tools and plugins. The command-line tools are directly accessible from the command prompt.

1.3.1. Windows

On Windows systems, TSDuck can be setup using a binary installer (traditional method) or using the winget package manager (modern method). Winget is now the preferred package manager for open source and third-party products on Windows systems. It is documented and supported by Microsoft. It should be pre-installed on all recent Windows 10 and Windows 11 systems.

The TSDuck installation command is simply winget install tsduck.

If you prefer the traditional method, binary executable installers are provided for 64-bit Windows platforms. Simply run the executable to install TSDuck.

The directory containing the command-line tools is automatically added to the Path. The TSDuck development environment is included in the installer but it is not installed by default. You must select it explicitly. The Java and Python bindings are required to run Java or Python applications. They are also optional and must be selected when needed.

Note that TSDuck is supported for Windows 10 and 11 only. TSDuck may work on older versions such as Windows 7 but without guarantee.

For users without privilege, a so-called "portable package" is provided. This is simply a zip archive file which can be expanded anywhere. The TSDuck commands are located in the bin subdirectory and can be executed from here without any additional setup. It is probably a good idea to add this bin directory in the Path environment variable of the user.

Note: Starting with version 3.34, pre-built 32-bit installers for Windows are no longer provided. However, it is still possible to build them yourself if needed. See the chapter "building and installing TSDuck" section in [TSDuck-Dev].

1.3.2. Linux

Two flavors of pre-built packages are available: .rpm for Fedora or Red Hat systems and .deb for Ubuntu or Debian systems. Currently, packages are available for Intel x64 platforms. Some packages are also available for Arm64.

All tools are in /usr/bin. There is a separate package for the TSDuck development environment.

On Linux distributions with other packaging systems, there is no pre-built binary package for TSDuck. It must be compiled and installed using the make command. See the chapter "building and installing TSDuck" section in [TSDuck-Dev].

1.3.3. macOS

On macOS, TSDuck is installed using the Homebrew packaging and delivery system (see [HomeBrew]).

The TSDuck installation command is simply brew install tsduck.

All tools are accessible from /usr/local/bin (Intel Mac) or /opt/homebrew/bin (Arm Apple Silicon Mac). This is the standard installation structure for Homebrew.

The development environment is always installed with TSDuck using Homebrew.

1.3.4. BSD systems

There is no binary package for TSDuck on BSD systems. It must be compiled and installed using the make command. See the chapter "building and installing TSDuck" section in [TSDuck-Dev].

After installation, all tools are in /usr/local/bin for FreeBSD, OpenBSD and DragonFly BSD. They are in /usr/pkg/bin for NetBSD. These are the standard locations for the installed packages on these systems.

2. Data Formats

2.1. Transport stream

Transport streams shall conform to the MPEG-2 system layer format as defined in ISO/IEC 13818-1 ([ISO-13818-1]).

2.1.1. Live transport streams

Live transport streams can be read by TSDuck from:

Live sources using specialized hardware, cheap DVB tuners or Dektec devices.
UDP/IP using various encapsulations (the encapsulation of TS packets in UDP packets does not matter since TSDuck automatically retrieves the TS packets inside UDP packets and simply ignores everything in between).
HTTP or HTTPS streams without encapsulation (ie. raw TS streams, but not manifest-based formats such as DASH or HLS).
HLS (HTTP Live Streaming) with transport stream segments (not fMP4).
SRT and RIST transport protocols.

See the documentation of the plugins dvb, dektec, ip, http, hls, srt, rist for more details on the reception of live transport streams.

The same plugins can also transmit live streams on Dektec devices, on UDP/IP streams (multicast or unicast), SRT and RIST transport protocols.

HLS output is possible with the help of an independent HTTP server such as Apache. The hls output plugin produces the playlist and segment files. These files can then be served by any HTTP server.

Additionally, output plugins are provided for HiDes and VATek modulator devices. These devices do not have input equivalent and the plugins are output only.

2.1.2. Stored transport streams

Transport streams can be read from and written to binary files, called "TS files".

A standard TS file must contain contiguous 188-byte TS packets without any encapsulation. All TS packets shall start with the MPEG-defined synchronization byte 0x47. Any packet not starting with this synchronization byte is considered invalid and rejected.

Unless specified otherwise, most TSDuck utilities and plugins can read or write several non-standard TS formats. The supported formats are listed in the table below.

The command line option --format name can be used to specify a precise file format.

On input, the file format is automatically detected for each file. But the auto-detection may fail in some cases (for instance when the first timestamp of an M2TS file starts with 0x47 in which case the file would be incorrectly identified as TS). Using the option --format forces a specific format to avoid ambiguities.

On output, the default format is a standard TS file.

The table below lists all possible format names as used with the option --format.

Table 1. Transport stream file formats
Name	Description
`autodetect`	Auto-detection of the file format. This is the default for input files and is usually appropriate. This will always work with TS files but may fail in rare cases with M2TS files. This value is not applicable to output files.
`TS`	Standard transport stream file containing contiguous 188-byte TS packets without any encapsulation. This is the default for output files.
`RS204`	Raw transport stream capture with Reed-Solomon outer FEC. Each standard 188-byte TS packet is followed by a 16-byte trailer (see section 2.1.3). On input, these 16 bytes are kept in the packet metadata. On output, they are rewritten if present or set to 0xFF if they were neither read from input nor set by a `tsp` plugin.
`M2TS`	Blu-ray compatible format. Also found in recording files from some DVR devices. This is the same as TS format, except that each 188-byte TS packet is preceded by a 4-byte time stamp. The 2 most significant bits are copy control indicators and are ignored. The 30 least significant bits represent a time stamp in 27 MHz unit (same unit as PCR values). Note that those time stamps wrap up every 39 seconds approximately since they use only 30 bits while full PCR values use 42 bits.
`duck`	This is a TSDuck proprietary format. It is similar to M2TS except that the header before each TS packet uses 14 bytes and contains all packet metada. Since this is a TSDuck proprietary format, it can be used only in pipes between instances of tsp. The only advantage of this format is to transport complete original time stamps, packet labels and other metadata between instances of `tsp`. Note that 16-byte trailers from `RS204` input files are lost.

When dealing with non-conformant TS files coming from outside, the utility tsresync can be used to extract the TS packets and recreate a pure 188-byte TS file which can be manipulated by the various utilities and plugins from the TSDuck suite.

2.1.3. Support for 204-byte packets

The standard [ISO-13818-1] defines the size of a transport stream packet as 188 bytes. In some cases, 204-byte packets are mentioned. Such a packet is made of a standard 188-byte TS packet, followed by a 16-byte trailer.

The trailer usually contains modulation artefacts for broadcast streams. The interpretation of the 16-byte trailer depends on the modulation.

With DVB modulations, the trailer contains a 16-byte Reed-Solomon outer FEC.
With ISDB-T and ISDB-Tb modulations, the trailer contains 8-byte "ISDB information", followed by a reduced 8-byte Reed-Solomon outer FEC (see [ARIB-B31]).

The Reed-Solomon codes are useless in the context of TSDuck. These codes are automatically generated by modulators and verified by demodulators. Older versions of TSDuck simply dropped the 16-byte trailers of 204-byte packets.

However, in ISDB-T and ISDB-Tb contexts, the trailers become useful. First, analyzing their content exhibits information on the original modulation. Second, it has been reported that the 16-byte trailers shall be propagated in other types of transport, for instance UDP/IP, in order to retrieve the original modulation information later, typically to reinject the stream in a modulator.

Starting with version 3.39, TSDuck extracts the 16-byte trailers, when present, from various input formats. The 16-byte trailer is propagated all along the plugin chain in a tsp command. The trailer is not not part of its packet. It is stored in the packet metadata, which also store the input timestamp and the packet labels (see the documentation of the tsp command). Then, output plugins can reinject the trailer after each packet when necessary.

The following table lists all tsp plugins which manipulate the 16-byte trailer of 204-byte packets. The default behavior is described as well as how to enforce 204-byte packet support. Read the reference documentation section of each plugin for more details.

Table 2. Plugins with 204-byte packet support
Plugin	Type	Default	Enforced
`craft`	input	None.	Option `--rs204`.
`craft`	packet	Unmodified.	Options `--rs204`, `--delete-rs204`.
`dump`	packet	Not displayed.	Options `--rs204`, `--isdb`.
`file`	input	Automatically detected and extracted.	Option `--format RS204`.
`file`	output	Dropped.	Option `--format RS204`.
`file`	packet	Dropped.	Option `--format RS204`.
`fork`	input	Automatically detected and extracted.	Option `--format RS204`.
`fork`	output	Dropped.	Option `--format RS204`.
`fork`	packet	Dropped.	Option `--format RS204`.
`ip`	input	Automatically detected and extracted.	Option `--rs204`.
`ip`	output	Dropped.	Option `--rs204`.
`ip`	packet	Dropped.	Option `--rs204`.
`merge`	packet	Automatically detected and extracted.	Option `--format RS204`.
`pcap`	input	Automatically detected and extracted.	Option `--rs204`.
`rist`	input	Automatically detected and extracted.	Option `--rs204`.
`rist`	output	Dropped.	Option `--rs204`.
`srt`	input	Automatically detected and extracted.	Option `--rs204`.
`srt`	output	Dropped.	Option `--rs204`.

2.2. Bit rates

2.2.1. Interpretation

In the manipulation of transport streams, using "bitrates" is quite common. Unless specified otherwise, all bitrate values are in bits per second, based on 188-byte TS packets.

2.2.2. Representation

Although it is quite common to manipulate bitrates as integral values, there are some cases where the fractional value may have some importance. In broadcast systems, for instance, the bitrate of a transport stream is directly computed from the modulation method and its parameters. And the result is rarely an integral value.

When manipulating multi-megabits-per-second transport streams, a fraction of bit per second is usually negligible, but not always. When a TSDuck tool runs for hours or days, these small fractions can make a difference.

There were several user requests to use more precise representations of bitrates instead of integers. However, requirements from different users are sometimes conflicting. Representing smaller fractions may lead to less accuracy or overflows in intermediate computations. There is no perfect representation for all needs.

As a consequence, TSDuck can be compiled with four different representations of bitrates. The default one provides the best balance so far between precision and performance. For specific needs, TSDuck may be rebuilt with a customized representation.

The four possible representations are listed below:

64-bit floating-point values: This is the default. The precision is preserved, there is almost no intermediate overflow. But the accuracy of computations is not always preserved.
64-bit fixed-point value with 1 decimal digit: The underlying representation is a 64-bit integer type. The performances are correct. The accurancy is better than with integers but with one decimal only. Using more than one decimal is possible but may lead to intermediate overflows.
64-bit integer values: This provides the best performance but no accuracy below one bit per second.
Fractions of two 64-bit integer values: The accuracy of bitrates is formally preserved, especially when computed from modulation parameters. But intermediate overflows are so frequent that this representation is hardly usable beyond basic usages. The performances are also worse than with any other representation.

To verify the bitrate representation of a given build of TSDuck, use the option --version=bitrate with any TSDuck command (see section 3.1.3).

2.2.3. Specifying bitrate in command lines

Many TSDuck tools or plugins get bitrates values from command line options. With all representations of bitrates, it is possible to specify integer values (see section 3.1.2 about specifying integer values in command lines).

Depending on the representation, it is also possible to specify more precise values. Using fixed-point or floating-point values, it is possible to use a decimal point. With fixed-point values, do not provide more decimal digits than the precision. With fractions, it is possible to provide fractional values, for instance 12345/67.

2.2.4. Rebuilding with a different bitrate representation

When compiling TSDuck, the default bitrate representation is a floating-point value. This is also the representation in pre-built binaries.

Rebuilding TSDuck with another representation is possible but must be consistent. All tools and shared libraries must have been built with the same representation. Special symbols and linker dependencies are generated to prevent mixing binaries and libraries with different representations.

To select a different representation of bitrates, simply define the corresponding C++ macro in the build system. See the source file src/libtsduck/base/types/tsBitRate.h for the various macros.

On Linux and macOS, the make command accepts direct parameters, one of the following:

make -j10 BITRATE_FLOAT=1
make -j10 BITRATE_FRACTION=1
make -j10 BITRATE_INTEGER=1
make -j10 BITRATE_FIXED=1 BITRATE_DECIMALS=3

The last command rebuilds with fixed-point and three decimal digits instead of one.

2.3. PSI/SI signalization

TSDuck can manipulate PSI/SI sections and tables outside of transport streams. Sections and tables can be extracted from a transport stream, saved and manipulated in various file formats and injected in other transport streams.

There are two main file formats for PSI/SI: binary section files and XML text files.

These two formats are documented in the next sections. In the general case, tools which extract PSI/SI sections and tables can save in any format and tools which use PSI/SI can read them from any format as well. The utility tstabcomp, the table compiler, can translate between the two formats.

Some key differences between the two formats are:

Binary section files contain collections of individual sections in any order, not necessarily complete tables. XML files contain complete tables only.
Binary section files contain the exact representation, byte by byte, of sections which were extracted from a transport stream. XML files contain a higher-level representation.
Binary section files are not easily modifiable. XML files contain text which can be manually edited using any text editor or XML tool.

There is a third possible format: JSON. This format is formally equivalent to XML. In practice, TSDuck uses XML as internal representation and performs an automated conversion between XML and JSON when necessary. See section 2.7.3 for more details on this conversion process. In this document, the only documented format for tables and descriptors is XML. Use the transformation rules in section 2.7.3 to determine the JSON equivalent.

2.3.1. PSI/SI binary format

A PSI/SI binary file contains one or more sections in a simple binary format. Each section is directly written in the file without any encapsulation or synchronization information. All sections are contiguous in the file.

A binary file must be read from the beginning. The header of each section contains the section length. Using this length information, it is possible to locate the next section, starting right after the current section, and so on down to the end of the file.

2.3.1.1. Creating PSI/SI binary files

PSI/SI binary files can be extracted from live streams or TS files using the command tstables or the plugin tables. The extracted sections are identical, byte by byte, to the transported sections. By default, all sections of a given table are contiguously saved in the binary file, in increasing order of section number. Thus, a complete table can be easily rebuilt by reading sections one by one.

With the option --all-sections, tstables and the plugin tables save all individual sections in their order of reception. In that case, the order and repetition of sections in the binary files are not defined.

PSI/SI binary files can also be created by tstabcomp, the table compiler. Tables are described in XML format (see section 2.3.2) and compiled into a binary file. Since tstabcomp processes complete tables, all sections of a table are also contiguously saved in the binary file, in increasing order of section number, just like tstables by default.

2.3.1.2. Using PSI/SI binary files

The content of binary section files can be viewed using tstabdump. This utility displays the content of each individual section in a human-readable format, regardless of the order of sections in the file.

Binary section files can be used to packetize or inject sections in a stream (command tspacketize and plugin inject). The sections are packetized or injected in their order of appearance in the file.

Finally, binary section files can also be decompiled by tstabcomp to recreate the corresponding XML files from the binary tables. But note that XML files contain complete tables only. This means that tables can be recreated only when their sections are contiguous and in increasing order of section number in the binary file.

2.3.2. PSI/SI XML format

An XML file containing PSI/SI tables for TSDuck uses <tsduck> as root node. The root node contains any number of tables.

Unlike binary files which may contain individual sections, XML files can only contain complete tables. The XML format represents a higher-level view of a table, regardless of the binary implementation in one or more sections.

The following sample XML file contains the definition for simple (and incomplete) PAT and PMT.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<tsduck>

  <PAT version="8" transport_stream_id="0x0012" network_PID="0x0010">
    <service service_id="0x0001" program_map_PID="0x1234"/>
    <service service_id="0x0002" program_map_PID="0x0678"/>
  </PAT>

  <PMT version="4" service_id="0x0456" PCR_PID="0x1234">
    <CA_descriptor CA_system_id="0x0777" CA_PID="0x0251"/>
    <component elementary_PID="0x0567" stream_type="0x12">
      <CA_descriptor CA_system_id="0x4444" CA_PID="0x0252"/>
      <ISO_639_language_descriptor>
        <language code="fre" audio_type="0x45"/>
        <language code="deu" audio_type="0x78"/>
      </ISO_639_language_descriptor>
    </component>
  </PMT>

</tsduck>

All XML files shall be encoded in UTF-8 format to allow international character sets in service names or event descriptions for instance. The initial declaration line <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> is optional but recommended. The complete definition of the XML model can be found in appendix D.

2.4. Compatibility and conflicts between standards

2.4.1. Supported standards

The imbrication of digital TV standards is complex and sometimes problematic for the user who wants to analyze the structure of a transport stream. TSDuck tries to help, either using command line utilities and plugins, and C++ classes for applications which are built on top of the TSDuck library.

The first layer of standard is MPEG [ISO-13818-1]. It is the common root of all regional or international standards in digital TV. The MPEG standard defines the transport stream format, PES, sections and descriptors, the PSI (Program-Specific Information such as PAT, CAT, PMT) and several descriptors. The allocated ranges of tables ids and descriptor tags for MPEG is reserved and never conflicts with other standards.

The DVB-defined table-specific descriptors are exceptions. These descriptors reuse MPEG-defined descriptor tags but are used only in very specific DVB-defined sections where the MPEG-defined descriptors with the same tags are normally not used.

At the second layer, then come the regional standards: DVB (Europe), ATSC (USA), ISDB (Japan). Note that these standards are also used in other parts of the world, in addition to their original regions.

The third layer is made of ANSI/SCTE standards. They are application-level standards such as emergency alerts [SCTE-18], splice signalization for advertisement [SCTE-35] or encryption [SCTE-52]. These standards were originally designed to complement ATSC in the USA but they are sometimes used in conjunction with DVB (especially [SCTE-35]). Parts of the [SCTE-52] standard were also reused in ATIS-defined standards for IP-TV encryption.

DVB and ATSC are independent and mutually exclusive standards. They are never used together in the same transport stream. Most of their table ids and descriptor tags use distinct ranges. It is consequently easy to "guess" the second layer of standard of a transport stream, when one of their specific sections or descriptors is used.

DVB adds a non-ambiguous concept of private descriptors where properly registered entities, operators or industries may define their own privately defined descriptors.

ISDB is the troublemaker which makes things complicated and often requires manual setup using TSDuck command line options or default configuration.

ISDB was originally defined in Japan by ARIB in two flavors, ISDB-T and ISDB-S.
ISDB was later adopted by other countries, starting with Brazil, for terrestrial TV. At this time, the standards were redefined by ABNT (Brazil) under the name ISDB-Tb, to amend features which were too Japanese-specific, creating two branches of ISDB. The two branches diverged until a "harmonization committee" was created to limit the conflicts between the two.
ISDB reuses some parts of DVB but not all. Each iteration of the standard incorporates more DVB descriptors, making it hard to define a stable common subset between DVB and ISDB.
While ISDB reuses sections and descriptors ids and syntax, it sometimes redefines the semantics of some fields such as character sets or time reference.
The semantics of some DVB-defined fields even varies between the variants of ISDB. As an example, time values are defined as UTC in DVB. In Japan, ARIB-defined ISDB redefines the same fields as JST (Japan Standard Time). In South America, ABNT-defined ISDB-Tb redefines it as UTC-3. In African countries, the field is loosely defined as local time, without more details.
ISDB even redefines tiny details of the syntax of some DVB descriptors it reuses. This is the case for the satellite_delivery_system_descriptor for instance.

Therefore, an ISDB stream is sometimes hard to characterize. A transport stream first appears as MPEG-defined when we get the PAT and PMT’s. Then, it looks like DVB when tables such as SDT or TDT are encountered. But later it can appear as ISDB when ISDB-specific tables such as a BIT or CDT are found. The problem is that, as this time, all information such as dates and time in TDT which were previously interpreted in the DVB semantics shall be retroactively reinterpreted in the ISDB semantics (or the multiple possible ISDB semantics in the case of date and time).

TSDuck tries to dynamically guess the type of standard based on the sections and descriptors it progressively discovers in the stream. The list of standards is consequently evolving along the packet processing. It usually starts with "MPEG" and may later evolve to "MPEG, DVB" or "MPEG, ATSC" or "MPEG, DVB, SCTE" or "MPEG, DVB, ISDB".

Because of this progressive discovery of the standards, it is possible that data structures are incorrectly interpreted in the initial phase, before a new standard becomes clear. This is especially critical in the case of ISDB where a transport stream is often initially interpreted as a DVB one.

TSDuck defines a few command-line options which can be used to specify the right standards from the beginning (see section 2.4.2). Some default options are also available in the user’s TSDuck configuration file (see appendix A).

Also note that the appendix D lists the XML format of all tables and descriptors, structured by original standards.

2.4.2. TSDuck options for default standard selection

By default, TSDuck tries to guess the standards which are used in a transport stream. The following options can be used to indicate from the beginning how tables and descriptors should be interpreted. They are briefly repeated in the documentation of all commands to which they apply.

--abnt

Assume that the transport stream is an ISDB one with ABNT-defined variants.

ISDB streams are normally automatically detected from their signalization but there is no way to determine if this is an original ARIB-defined ISDB or an ABNT-defined variant.

--atsc

Assume that the transport stream is an ATSC one.

ATSC streams are normally automatically detected from their signalization. This option is only useful when ATSC-related stuff is found in the TS before the first ATSC-specific table. For instance, when a PMT with ATSC-specific descriptors is found before the first ATSC MGT or VCT.

--brazil

A synonym for --isdb --abnt --time-reference UTC-3.

This is a handy shortcut when working on South American ISDB-Tb transport streams.

--default-pds value

Specify a default DVB-defined Private Data Specifier (PDS). The specified value is used as private data specifier to interpret private descriptors in the absence of preceding private_data_specifier_descriptor.

This option is meaningful only when the signalization is incorrect, when DVB private descriptors appear in tables without a preceding private_data_specifier_descriptor.

This type of invalid signalization is sometimes seen in operator-controlled networks, when operators specify their receivers and do not always care about the standards.

The specified PDS value must be either a 32-bit integer or one of the predefined identifiers from the table below. These identifiers are not case-sensitive.

Table 3. Values for option `--default-pds`
Name	Value	Description
`none`		Explicitly disable the default PDS.
`AOM`	`0x414F4D53`	Alliance for Open Media
`Australia`	`0x00003200`	Free TV Australia
`AVSA`	`0x41565341`	AVS Audio Working Group of China
`AVSV`	`0x41565356`	AVS Video Working Group of China
`BskyB`	`0x00000002`	BskyB British TV operator
`CanalPlus`	`0x000000C0`	Canal+ French TV operator
`EACEM`	`0x00000028`	European Association of Consumer Electronics Manufacturers, now renamed as DigitalEurope
`EICTA`	`0x00000028`	European Information, Communications and Consumer Electronics Technology Industry Associations. Merged with EACEM.
`Eutelsat`	`0x0000055F`	Eutelsat European satellite provider
`Logiways`	`0x000000A2`	Former CAS vendor
`Nagra`	`0x00000009`	Kudelski, Nagravision, CAS vendor
`NorDig`	`0x00000029`	NorDig standard committee (Northern Europe and Ireland)
`OFCOM`	`0x0000233A`	British regulator, formerly ITC
`TPS`	`0x00000010`	Former French TV operator

--default-registration value

Specify a default registration id (also know as format identifier). These identifiers are normally found in a MPEG-defined registration_descriptor. They are used to identify MPEG private descriptors, stream types and other signalization data which are defined by a specific organization.

This option is meaningful only when the signalization is incorrect, when MPEG private descriptors appear in tables without the correct preceding registration_descriptor.

Several options --default-registration can be specifed. Unlike DVB private data specifiers, several MPEG registration ids can be simultaneously defined. When several default registration ids are specified, they are used as if they were placed in as many registration_descriptor, in the same order as the options on the command line, before any actual registration_descriptor in descriptor lists.

--dvb

Assume that the transport stream is a DVB one.

DVB streams are normally automatically detected from their signalization. This option is useful when possibly incorrect non-DVB stuff is found in the TS before the first DVB-specific table.

Additionally, this option enforces a strictly DVB stream, not the subset which is used by ISDB. The use case is the following: A stream is initially recognized as DVB. This is not incompatible with ISDB. When a table or descriptor id is which is unused in DVB but valid with ISDB is found, the stream becomes an ISDB one. The option --dvb disables the switch to ISDB and such a table or descriptor is only reported as "unknown".

--ignore-leap-seconds

Do not explicitly include leap seconds in some precise UTC computations where leap seconds are specified as important.

According to Wikipedia, "a leap second is a one-second adjustment that is occasionally applied to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), to accommodate the difference between precise time (as measured by atomic clocks) and imprecise observed solar time (known as UT1 and which varies due to irregularities and long-term slowdown in the Earth’s rotation)."

Most computer systems (Linux, macOS, Windows) don’t include leap seconds in their evaluation of UTC time, making their reported UTC times formally incorrect.

Some parts of Digital TV standards specify that leap seconds should be included in some specific computations. By default, TSDuck explicitly adds the leap seconds to the UTC time, as reported by the operating system, when necessary.

This option can be useful to disable the addition of leap seconds in the presence of some non-conformant external equipment which ignore leap seconds.

Currently, this option applies to SCTE 35 splice_schedule() commands only.

This option can also be set from the TSDuck user’s configuration file using option leap.seconds (see section A.2).

--isdb

Assume that the transport stream is an ISDB one.

ISDB streams are normally automatically detected from their signalization. This option is only useful when ISDB-related stuff is found in the TS before the first ISDB-specific table.

--japan

A synonym for --isdb --time-reference JST.

This is a handy shortcut when working on Japanese transport streams.

Beyond ISDB standard, in most applications this option also uses ARIB STD-B24 character sets, uses Japan as default region name for UHF/VHF bands and activates some specificities for Japan such as different semantics for component types.

--philippines

A synonym for --isdb --abnt --time-reference UTC+8. This is a handy shortcut when working on Philippines transport streams.

--time-reference name

Use a non-standard (non-UTC) time reference in DVB-defined TDT/TOT.

This is typically used in ARIB-defined ISDB and ABNT-defined ISDB-Tb standards. These standards reuse DVB-defined SI but change the semantics of the date and time fields, using another time reference.

The specified name can be either UTC (the DVB-defined default), JST (Japan Standard Time) or UTC+|-hh[:mm].

Examples: UTC+9 (same as JST, for ARIB-defined ISDB), UTC-3 (for ABNT-defined ISDB-Tb in Brazil and South America) or UTC+2:30 (if such reference should be used).

--usa

A synonym for --atsc --hf-band-region usa.

This is a handy shortcut when working on North American transport streams.

2.5. Character sets

2.5.1. Standards and character sets

Each standard defines its own way of representing characters in tables and descriptors.

DVB:

Each string is encoded using one single character set. The default character set is a modified version of ISO-6937. For strings which cannot be encoded using ISO-6937, another character set can be selected using a specific leading binary sequence. Since DVB character sets include UTF-8 and UTF-16, all Unicode characters can be eventually represented. See [ETSI-300-468], annex A.

ISDB (ARIB):

Each string is encoded using ARIB STD-B24 (see [ARIB-B24] part 2, chapter 7). A string may alternate between several character sets, typically Kanji, Hiragana, Katakana and alpha-numerical characters. The switching between character sets is performed using control binary sequences. While all Japanese characters can be encoded, many European accented character cannot be represented. There is no way to encode arbitrary Unicode character in ARIB STD-B24.

ISDB (ABNT):

There is no standard ABNT-defined representation of strings. Each country which adopted the ABNT-defined variant of ISDB uses its own representation. For instance, Brazil and other South American countries use ISO-8859-15 while the Philippines use UTF-8. To make things worse, although these character sets are included in the DVB standard, these countries do not use the DVB-defined leading binary sequences which indicate the character set and do not allow switching to other character sets.

ATSC:

Simple strings are encoded in 7-bit ASCII. But most strings are encoded using "multiple string structures" where all Unicode characters can be represented.

XML:

TSDuck-defined XML files use some predefined non-ambiguous character set as indicated in the first directive. This is usually UTF-8. All XML strings are encoded in the same character set. It is the responsibility of TSDuck to convert them in the appropriate character set when serializing tables and descriptors.

With ATSC multiple string structures, there is no ambiguity. They are part of the ATSC tables and descriptors definition and are always encoded using the same standard.

With DVB and ISDB, there are several types of ambiguities:

The ISDB signalization reuses some DVB-defined tables and descriptors, but texts are represented with a non-DVB character encoding. When analyzing or creating such structures, the context (DVB vs. ISDB) must be known to select the appropriate encoding method.
Invalid DVB encoding: According to [ETSI-300-468], the default DVB character set (without explicit character table code) is ISO-6937. However, some bogus signalization may assume that the default character set is different, typically the usual local character table for the region of the operator. The non-standard default character table must be specified using an option.

2.5.2. TSDuck options for character sets

TSDuck commands and plugins which manipulate tables and descriptors have specialized options to indicate the character set to use.

By default, the standard DVB text encoding is used in DVB and ISDB structures.

The following options can be used to alter the behavior of TSDuck. They are briefly repeated in the documentation of all commands to which they apply.

--brazil

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-ISO-8859-15.

All strings are interpreted and generated as ISO-8859-15 without explicit leading table code.

This is a handy shortcut when working on South American ISDB-Tb transport streams.

--default-charset name

When reading binary sections, this option specifies the default character set to use when interpreting strings from tables and descriptors, when there is no initial DVB sequence for character table selection. This overrides the DVB defaults and should be used with invalid streams which omit the initial DVB sequence for character table selection when using a non- default character set.

By default, standard DVB encoding is used.

When generating binary sections (from XML or JSON files for instance), this option specifies the preferred character encoding. The DVB rules are applied : when a non-default DVB character set is selected, the appropriate initial DVB sequence for character table selection is inserted.

By default, TSDuck tries several character sets until one is capable of encoding the string. The order of selection is ISO 6937 (DVB default character set), ISO 8859-15 (convenient with most European languages) and UTF-8. Since UTF-8 can encode everything, the string will always be successfully encoded.

See section 2.5.3 below for a list of available character set names.

--europe

A synonym for --default-charset ISO-8859-15.

Using this option, all DVB strings without explicit leading table code are assumed to use ISO-8859-15 instead of the standard ISO-6937 encoding.

This is a handy shortcut for commonly incorrect DVB signalization on some European satellites. In that signalization, the default character encoding (without leading table code) is ISO-8859-15, the most common encoding for Latin & Western Europe languages. When an explicit leading table code is present, then the corresponding character set is used.

--japan

A synonym for --default-charset ARIB-STD-B24.

This is a handy shortcut when working on Japanese transport streams.

Beyond character sets, in most applications, this option also declares ISDB as default standard, use Japan as default region name for UHF/VHF bands and activates some specificities for Japan such as the use of JST time instead of UTC or different semantics for component types.

--philippines

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-UTF-8.

All strings are interpreted and generated as UTF-8 without explicit leading table code.

This is a handy shortcut when working on Philippines transport streams.

2.5.3. Character set names

The available table names for option --default-charset are:

DVB character sets. The name specifies a standard DVB encoding with a different default character set. Without leading table code, the specified character set is used. But if a leading table code is present, the appropriate character set for that table code is used.
- ISO-6937
- DVB (synonym for ISO-6937)
- ISO-8859-1
- ISO-8859-2
- ISO-8859-3
- ISO-8859-4
- ISO-8859-5
- ISO-8859-6
- ISO-8859-7
- ISO-8859-8
- ISO-8859-9
- ISO-8859-10
- ISO-8859-11
- ISO-8859-13
- ISO-8859-14
- ISO-8859-15
- UTF-8
- UNICODE (in fact UTF-16)
ARIB character sets (Japan):
- ARIB-STD-B24
- ARIB (synonym for ARIB-STD-B24)
Raw character sets. They use the same encoding as their DVB-defined counterpart but without any leading table code. No leading code is interpreted, the specified case is unconditionally used. Using these character sets shall be reserved to specific situations.
- RAW-ISO-6937
- RAW-ISO-8859-1
- RAW-ISO-8859-2
- RAW-ISO-8859-3
- RAW-ISO-8859-4
- RAW-ISO-8859-5
- RAW-ISO-8859-6
- RAW-ISO-8859-7
- RAW-ISO-8859-8
- RAW-ISO-8859-9
- RAW-ISO-8859-10
- RAW-ISO-8859-11
- RAW-ISO-8859-13
- RAW-ISO-8859-14
- RAW-ISO-8859-15
- RAW-UTF-8
- RAW-UNICODE (in fact UTF-16)
Debug character set.
- DUMP

The DUMP character set can be used for debugging. This is not a real character set in the sense that it does not return a Unicode string from a binary representation.

With this character set, decoding binary data returns a string containing a hexadecimal dump of the binary data. It is typically used with tstables or tstabdump to display the exact binary content of strings in tables and descriptors.

Similarly, encoding a string means translating the hexadecimal characters which are contained in that string into binary data. The input string shall contain only hexadecimal digits and spaces. This character set is typically used in XML files to force specific binary contents in text areas of tables and descriptors.

2.6. XML files

2.6.1. Usage of XML files in TSDuck

XML files are used as configuration and data files. They are used as input and output by TSDuck.

All TSDuck XML files use <tsduck> as root node. They shall be encoded in UTF-8 format. The initial declaration line <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> is optional but recommended.

For TSDuck users, XML files are mostly used to represent PSI/SI tables. This format can be used anywhere tables are used, either on input or output. See section 2.3.2 and appendix D.

XML files are also used as channel files containing lists of TV channels and the tuning characteristics of their respective transport streams. Channel files can be created and updated using the command tsscan. They can be used with the dvb input plugin as "tune to the transport stream of channel ABC, wherever it is". The format of channel files is documented in appendix B.

Finally, XML files are used as configuration files (read-only). They describe the characteristics of UHF and VHF frequency bands by region (tsduck.hfbands.xml, see appendix A, section A.4), the technical specifications of various models of LNB’s for satellite dishes (tsduck.lnbs.xml, see appendix A, section A.3) or resource monitoring configurations (tsduck.monitor.xml, see appendix C). These configuration files are augmented when new information is available. Do not hesitate to request enhancement of these files through the TSDuck issue tracker (see [TSDuck-Issues]).

2.6.2. Inline XML content

In most TSDuck commands, if the name of an input XML file starts with <?xml, it is considered as inline XML content, meaning that the string in the command line is directly the XML content and not a file name.

A similar mechanism exists for output XML files. When an application such as tsp runs for a long time, possibly forever, other applications may want to grab XML output files are soon as they are created. In that case, it is possible to output the whole content of an output XML file as one single line through the message logger (the standard error device by default). If another application filters the tsp standard error, it will get each XML file as one single text line. To facilitate the filtering of actual XML lines, it is possible to specify a marker prefix in the line, typically some easily recognizable pattern. See the description of the option --log-xml-line in the command tstables and the plugin tables.

The output of XML files as one single line is also extremely useful for third party applications which use TSDuck as a library. The C++, Java or Python class named TSProcessor is the equivalent of tsp inside an application. The log messages which are produced by this class can be processed by user-defined classes. These user-defined classes can then filter and process XML outputs as soon as they are produced. Java and Python examples of this features are provided with the TSDuck source code.

2.6.3. XML model files

For each type of XML file, TSDuck uses a model file which describes the expected XML structure of the corresponding data or configuration file. XML model files use the extension .model.xml.

This XML model mechanism can be considered as a minimalist equivalent of XML-Schema, with less features but much more lightweight.

In a model file, all allowed nodes and attributes are present as template. The contents of attributes in this template are comments describing the expected content of the corresponding attribute in real XML files. The values of these attributes in the template are descriptive only; they would be invalid if directly used in input XML files for TSDuck.

Notes on types and formats:

Tags and attributes are not case-sensitive.
Integer values can be represented in decimal or hexadecimal (0x prefix).
Booleans are true or false.
When an attribute or text node is described as hexadecimal content, it must contain an even number of hexadecimal digits. All forms of spaces, including line breaks, are ignored.
Attributes values for date, time and date/time are represented as "YYYY-MM-DD", "hh:mm:ss" and "YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss" respectively. On output, these attributes values are exactly formatted as indicated. In input, to accommodate various conventions, all non-digit characters are considered as valid separators. Therefore, an ISO 8601 date such as "2020-12-01T15:10:21Z" is accepted and interpreted as "2020-12-01 15:10:21".
Some attributes accept symbols in addition to plain numerical values. The names of accepted symbols are listed in the attribute. Example: type="ATSC|DVB-C|DVB-S|DVB-T|ISDB-T"

The command tsxml can be used to test to conformance of XML files to a specific model.

All XML configuration and model files are located in the global TSDuck configuration directory:

Linux : /usr/share/tsduck
macOS : /usr/local/share/tsduck (Intel) or /opt/homebrew/share/tsduck (Arm)
Windows : %TSDUCK%\bin
BSD : /usr/local/share/tsduck or /usr/pkg/share/tsduck (NetBSD)

2.6.4. XML patch files

An XML patch file is a template for transformations to apply on XML files. It is typically used to apply on-the-fly transformations on various PSI/SI tables by plugins such as pat, pmt, bat, cat, sdt, nit when the requested transformations cannot be handled by other options.

This XML patching mechanism can be considered as a minimalist equivalent of XSLT, with less features but much more lightweight.

The command tsxml can be used to test XML patch files on any arbitrary XML file. This is the recommended way to test a patch file on existing XML tables before using it on real transport streams.

2.6.4.1. Structure matching

A patch file is also an XML file. Its structure mimics the structure of XML input files. This is a template which is compared with the input file.

More precisely, each XML element in the patch file (including its parent hierarchy) is compared with equivalent structures in the input file. To have a match, the node name and all parent node names must be identical and all attributes which are specified in the node in the patch file must be present and have the same value in the input file.

It is also possible to match a node according to an attribute having a value different from the specified one (see below).

Advanced structure matching is also possible using conditions, more details on this are provided later.

Consider the following input XML file:

<tsduck>
  <PAT transport_stream_id="1">
    <service service_id="10" program_map_PID="300"/>  <!-- [1] -->
  </PAT>
  <PAT transport_stream_id="2">
    <service service_id="10" program_map_PID="400"/>  <!-- [2] -->
    <service service_id="20" program_map_PID="500"/>  <!-- [3] -->
  </PAT>
</tsduck>

Using the following patch file, the <service> entry matches [1], [2] and [3].

<tsduck>
  <PAT>
    <service>
  </PAT>
</tsduck>

With the following patch file, the <service> entry matches [1] and [2] because of the service_id attribute:

<tsduck>
  <PAT>
    <service service_id="10"/>
  </PAT>
</tsduck>

The next patch file matches only [2] because of the combination of a <PAT> with transport_stream_id 2 and <service> with service_id 10.

<tsduck>
  <PAT transport_stream_id="2">
    <service service_id="10"/>
  </PAT>
</tsduck>

The next example illustrates how to match an attribute having any value except the specified one. In a patch file, when an attribute value starts with a !, the structure matches any node where the specified attribute has a different value (or the attribute is not present).

Thus, the following patch file matches [1] and [3].

<tsduck>
  <PAT transport_stream_id="1">
    <service program_map_PID="!400"/>
  </PAT>
</tsduck>

It could have been tempting to use the operator !=, the syntax program_map_PID!="400" instead of ="!400". However, !="400" is not a valid XML syntax.

2.6.4.2. Special attributes

In the XML structure, special attributes have a name starting with "x-". They have a special interpretation; they are not used for attribute matching.

The following table summarizes the special attributes. They are described in details in the subsequent sections.

Table 4. Special attributes in XML patch files
Attribute	Usage
`x-add-NAME="value"`	Add the attribute `NAME` with the specified value in the matching element.
`x-condition="EXPRESSION"`	The `EXPRESSION` is evaluated based on symbols. If the expression is true, the enclosing element is selected for patching.
`x-define="NAME"`	If the enclosing element is selected, the symbol `NAME` is defined in the global repository.
`x-delete-NAME=""`	Delete the attribute `NAME` in the matching element.
`x-node="add"`	The node with this attribute is added in the matching parent node.
`x-node="delete"`	The matching node is completely removed.
`x-node="delete(NAME)"`	The next parent with name `NAME` above the matching node is completely removed.
`x-undefine="NAME"`	If the enclosing element is selected, the symbol `NAME` is undefined from the global repository.
`x-update-NAME="value"`	Update the attribute `NAME` with the specified value in the matching element.

2.6.4.3. Attribute patching

Once a match is found for a given XML element, it is possible to alter the value of the attributes of this matching element using special attributes.

The name of these special attributes has the form x-command-name. The name part is the name of an attribute to alter in the element.

The possible special attributes are:

x-add-name="value"
Add the attribute name with the specified value in the matching element. If the attribute already existed, it is replaced.
x-update-name="value"
Update the attribute name with the specified value in the matching element, only if the attribute already existed.
x-delete-name=""
Delete the attribute name in the matching element.

2.6.4.4. Element patching

Similarly, the special attribute x-node is used to add or delete an entire XML element.

x-node="delete"
The matching node is completely removed.
x-node="delete(X)"
The next parent with name X above the matching node is completely removed.
x-node="add"
In this case, the matching node is the parent one. The inner node with attribute x-node="add" is added in the matching node (without the special attributes, of course).

2.6.4.5. Examples

Complete examples are available in section 5.1.8.

Smaller examples are shown in the patch file below:

<tsduck>

  <PAT>
    <service service_id="10" x-add-program_map_PID="1000"/>        <!-- [1] -->
    <service service_id="20" x-delete-program_map_PID=""/>         <!-- [2] -->
    <service service_id="30" x-node="delete"/>                     <!-- [3] -->
    <service>
  </PAT>

  <PAT transport_stream_id="100">
    <service service_id="80" program_map_PID="800" x-node="add"/>  <!-- [4] -->
  </PAT>

  <PAT transport_stream_id="200" x-node="delete"/>                 <!-- [5] -->

  <EIT>
    <event>
      <parental_rating_descriptor>
        <country rating="0x07" x-node="delete(EIT)"/>              <!-- [6] -->
      </parental_rating_descriptor>
    </event>
  </EIT>

</tsduck>

In [1], any service with id 10 in any PAT is updated with attribute program_map_PID="1000".

In [2], in any service with id 20 in any PAT, the attribute program_map_PID is deleted (this results in an invalid PAT but this is for the demonstation only).

In [3], any service with id 30 in any PAT is deleted.

In [4], in any PAT with transport_stream_id 100, a new service is added with service_id 80 and program_map_PID 800.

In [5], any PAT with transport_stream_id 200 is deleted.

In [6], an EIT is deleted when it contains an event which contains a parental_rating_descriptor with rating equals to 0x07.

2.6.4.6. Symbols and conditions

So far, we can modify, add or delete XML elements based on their name or the value of some of their attributes. Symbols and conditions allow to alter elements based on conditions which were found in previous other elements.

Symbols are words starting with a letter and made of alphanumerical characters and underscores. Symbol names are case sensitive. Symbols are defined in a global repository. This global repository it maintained all along the processing of a patch file.

Conditions are boolean expressions which are evaluated based on the definition of symbols. A symbol evaluates to true when it is defined and false when it is not. The unary operator ! is the negation. The binary operators && and || form logical expressions. Parentheses can be used to group sub-expressions.

The following special attributes define symbols and conditions.

x-define="NAME"
If the enclosing element is selected, the symbol NAME is defined in the global repository. The definition applies starting with the processing of the enclosing element.
x-undefine="NAME"
If the enclosing element is selected, the symbol NAME is undefined from the global repository. The removal of the symbol applies starting with the processing of the enclosing element.
x-condition="EXPRESSION"
The EXPRESSION is evaluated based on symbols. If the expression is true, the enclosing element is selected for patching. This is, in principle, similar to the attribute matching as described above. If the expression is false, the enclosing element is ignored.

Consider the following example. The idea is to transform any splice_insert command in a splice_information_table into a splice_null command when the splice is an "out of network" command.

<tsduck>
  <splice_information_table x-undefine="NULLIFY">                               <!-- [1] -->
    <splice_insert out_of_network="true" x-define="NULLIFY" x-node="delete"/>   <!-- [2] -->
    <splice_null x-condition="NULLIFY" x-node="add"/>                           <!-- [3] -->
    <splice_avail_descriptor x-condition="NULLIFY" x-node="delete"/>            <!-- [4] -->
  </splice_information_table>
</tsduck>

In [1], the symbol NULLIFY is undefined. This is a cleanup operation in the case it was defined during the processing of a previous table.

In [2], a <splice_insert> element is deleted when its attribute out_of_network= is true. This is a regular attribute matching, as defined earlier. Additionally, the symbol NULLIFY is defined when such an element is found.

In [3], a <splice_null> element is added when NULLIFY is defined. In practice, this means that a <splice_null> element is added only when a previous <splice_insert> was deleted.

In [4], using the same principle, we delete any <splice_avail_descriptor> node when a previous <splice_insert> was deleted. This type of descriptor is typically used with a <splice_insert> command but is useless with a <splice_null> command.

2.7. JSON and "normalized" report formats

TSDuck uses various text formats for report files. They are briefly described here.

2.7.1. "Normalized" reports

The name normalized report refers to a predictable text format which can be easily parsed using scripts to automate operations. This is an alternative output format for tools which otherwise produce reports in a human-friendly readable format which is harder to parse and may change in future versions.

Normalized reports are created by the commands tsanalyze, tscmp, tsdektec and the plugin analyze. Each command documents its own normalized format. A normalized report is usually requested using the option --normalized.

The original idea of normalized reports was a format which could be easily parsed using basic UNIX tools such as grep and sed. See sample usages in section 5.2.8, section 5.2.12, section 5.2.13, section 5.2.14.

2.7.2. JSON files

While the previous normalized reports are easy to parse in scripts, they were created in a time where no widely used standard parser-friendly format existed. Nowadays, most standard parsable files use the JSON format.

The open-source tool named jq (for JSON Query) is available on all operating systems as a standard package and makes the use of JSON files in scripts even easier than grep and sed with normalized report files.

All TSDuck tools and plugins which can produce normalized report can also produce JSON reports using the option --json.

With the option --json-line, the JSON text is output as one single line through the message logger (the standard error device by default). This feature is equivalent to the inline output XML format and can be useful for third party applications. See section 2.6.2 for details and usage examples.

2.7.3. Automated XML-to-JSON conversion

With TSDuck, JSON is used for analysis reports while XML is used to store more complex configuration or data structures such as PSI/SI tables.

An application which needs to analyze the PSI/SI tables which are extracted by some TSDuck command or plugin can simply parse the extracted XML text. Although many tools and libraries exist to parse XML, some developers may prefer to parse JSON rather than XML. In that case, TSDuck provides an automated XML-to-JSON conversion.

2.7.3.1. Conversion rules

There is no standard way to convert XML to JSON. Several tools exist and each of them has its own conversion rules. Because of the differences between XML and JSON, no conversion is perfect, and the result is sometimes not what would have been specified if JSON had been used from the beginning. However, the result is usually good enough for automatic parsing in an application.

The translation rules for the TSDuck automated XML-to-JSON conversion are described below. Note that the default rules can be fine-tuned using an XML model for the input document (see section 2.6.3) and specific command line options (see section 2.7.3.2).

Each XML element is converted to a JSON object {…}.
The name of the XML element is an attribute "#name" inside the object.
All attributes of the XML element are directly mapped into attributes in the JSON object.
- By default, attribute values are converted to JSON strings.
- If the XML model has a value for this attribute and if this model value starts with "int" or "uint" (not case sensitive) and the attribute value can be successfully converted to an integer, then the value becomes a JSON number.
- Similarly, if the XML model value for this attribute starts with "bool" and the value can be successfully converted to a boolean, then the value becomes a JSON literal True or False.
The children nodes inside an element are placed in a JSON array with name "#nodes".
Each XML text node is converted to a JSON string. If the XML model has a value for this text node and if this XML model value starts with "hexa" (not case sensitive), then all spaces are collapsed inside the string.
XML declarations, comments and unknown nodes are dropped.

The introduction of the two artificial attributes "#name" and "#nodes" was necessary because of the differences between XML and JSON. It could have been tempting to use the XML element name as JSON attribute name and the rest of the XML element (attributes and children nodes inside a JSON object) as JSON attribute value. However, while an XML element may contain several children elements with the same name, a JSON object cannot have several attributes with the same name. Thus, the XML element name had to be pushed inside the JSON element, not as its name, outside of the object.

Sample XML source:

<PAT version="12" current="true" transport_stream_id="0x0438" network_PID="0x0010">
  <service service_id="0x2261" program_map_PID="0x0064"/>
  <service service_id="0x2262" program_map_PID="0x00C8"/>
</PAT>

Converted JSON:

{
  "#name": "PAT",
  "current": true,
  "network_pid": 16,
  "transport_stream_id": 1080,
  "version": 12,
  "#nodes": [
    {
      "#name": "service",
      "program_map_pid": 100,
      "service_id": 8801
    },
    {
      "#name": "service",
      "program_map_pid": 200,
      "service_id": 8802
    }
  ]
}

The command tsxml can be used to test the JSON conversion of any arbitrary XML file.

2.7.3.2. TSDuck options for automated XML-to-JSON conversion

The following command line options are used in various TSDuck commands and plugins to fine-tune the automated XML-to-JSON conversion.

--x2j-collapse-text

When converting all XML text nodes into JSON strings, remove leading and trailing spaces. Also replace all other sequences of space characters (including line breaks) with one single space.

By default, text nodes are collapsed only when there is an XML model which identifies the text node as containing hexadecimal content.

--x2j-enforce-boolean

When an attribute in an element contains a boolean value (ie. the string "true" or "false") but there is no XML model file to tell if this is really a boolean, force the creation of a JSON literal True or False.

By default, when there is no XML model, all element attributes are converted as JSON strings.

--x2j-enforce-integer

When an attribute in an element contains an integer value but there is no XML model file to tell if this is really an integer, force the creation of a JSON number.

By default, when there is no XML model, all element attributes are converted as JSON strings.

--x2j-include-root

Keep the root of the XML document as a JSON object.

By default, the JSON document is made of a JSON array containing all JSON objects resulting from the conversion of all XML elements under the root.

Usually, in an XML file, there is one root element without attributes. The root of all TSDuck XML files is a simple <tsduck> element. This single root XML element is required by the XML syntax but usually carries no useful information. This is why it is removed by default in the XML-to-JSON conversion.

--x2j-trim-text

When converting all XML text nodes into JSON strings, remove leading and trailing spaces.

By default, text nodes are trimmed only when there is an XML model which identifies the text node as containing hexadecimal content.

3. Transport Stream Utilities

The TSDuck transport stream toolkit provides several command-line utilities. The main one is tsp, the transport stream processor. The other utilities are small tools which work on transport stream files.

With a few exceptions, the transport stream files are continuous streams of 188-byte TS packets. These files can also be pipes. With the help of tsp and its input and output plugins, the TS packets can be piped from and to various devices and protocols (files, DVB-ASI, DVB-S, DVB-C, DVB-T, multicast IP, etc.)

The following table lists all transport stream utilities:

Table 5. TSDuck utilities
Command	Description
`tsanalyze`	Analyze a TS file and display various information about the transport stream and each individual service and PID.
`tsbitrate`	Evaluate the original bitrate of a TS based on the analysis of the PCR’s and the number of packets between them.
`tscharset`	Test tool for DVB and ARIB character sets.
`tscmp`	Compare the binary content of two TS files.
`tsconfig`	Configuration options to build applications (developers only).
`tscrc32`	Compute MPEG-style CRC32 values.
`tsdate`	Display the date & time information (TDT & TOT) from a TS file.
`tsdektec`	Control a Dektec device.
`tsdump`	Dump the content of a TS file.
`tsecmg`	DVB SimulCrypt-compliant ECMG stub for system integration and debug.
`tseit`	Manipulate EIT’s using commands and scripts.
`tsemmg`	DVB SimulCrypt-compliant EMMG stub for system integration and debug.
`tsfclean`	Cleanup the structure and boundaries of a TS file.
`tsfixcc`	Fix continuity counters in a TS file.
`tsftrunc`	Truncate a TS file, removing extraneous bytes (last incomplete TS packet) or truncating after a specified TS packet.
`tsfuzz`	Introduce random errors in transport stream files.
`tsgenecm`	Generate one ECM using any DVB SimulCrypt compliant ECMG.
`tshides`	List HiDes modulator devices.
`tslatencymonitor`	Monitor latency between two TS input sources.
`tslsdvb`	List DVB receiver devices.
`tsp`	General-purpose TS processor: receive a TS from a user-specified input plugin, apply MPEG packet processing through several user-specified packet processor plugins and send the processed stream to a user-specified output plugin.
`tspacketize`	Packetize PSI/SI tables in a transport stream PID.
`tspcap`	Analyze pcap and pcap-ng files.
`tspcontrol`	Send control commands to a running `tsp`.
`tspsi`	Display the PSI (PAT, CAT, NIT, PMT, SDT) from a TS file.
`tsresync`	Resynchronize a captured TS file: locate start of first packet, resynchronize to next packet after holes, convert to 188-byte packets (if captured with 204-byte packets).
`tsscan`	Scan frequencies in a DVB network.
`tssmartcard`	List or reset smart-card reader devices.
`tsstuff`	Add stuffing to a TS file to reach a target bitrate.
`tsswitch`	Transport stream input source switch using remote control.
`tstabcomp`	PSI / SI table compiler from / to XML files.
`tstabdump`	Dump binary table files, as previously saved by `tstables`.
`tstables`	Collect specified PSI/SI tables from a TS file. Either display them or save them in binary files.
`tsterinfo`	Compute or retrieve various DVB-T (terrestrial) information.
`tstestecmg`	Test a DVB SimulCrypt compliant ECMG with an artificial load.
`tsvatek`	List VATek-based modulator devices.
`tsversion`	Check version, download and upgrade TSDuck.
`tsxml`	Test tool for TSDuck XML files manipulation.

3.1. Command line syntax

3.1.1. Command line options

All utilities are simple command-line tools. They accept options and parameters. The syntax of options follows the GNU getopt_long(3) conventions. See the corresponding Linux manual page for details.

In short, this means that all options have a long name preceded by a double dash and optionally a short name (one dash, one letter). Long options can be abbreviated if there is no ambiguity.

Although this syntax is inspired by Linux and the GNU utilities, the same syntax is used on TSDuck for Windows.

As an example, consider a utility which accepts the two options --verbose (short name -v) and --version (no short name). Then, the verbose mode can be equally triggered by -v, --verbose, --verb but not --ver since there is an ambiguity with --version.

3.1.2. Integer values in command line options

When an option or parameter is documented to require an integer value (PID, identifier, etc.), this value can be uniformly specified in decimal or hexadecimal format with the 0x prefix.

In decimal values, the commas which are used as separators for groups of thousands are ignored. Most commands display large values with separators in order to improve the readability. Therefore, these values can be simply copied / pasted in subsequent command lines.

Example: The following options are equivalent:

--count 3,100,456
--count 3100456
--count 0x002F4F28

When the same option is allowed to be specified several times in one command, it is possible to use ranges of integer values (two values, separated with a dash) instead of specifying all values individually.

Example: The following sets of options are equivalent:

--pid 0 --pid 0x20 --pid 0x21 --pid 0x22 --pid 0x23 --pid 0x24 --pid 0x25 --pid 0x40
--pid 0 --pid 0x20-0x25 --pid 0x40

3.1.3. Predefined common options

All commands accept the following common options:

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N. Do not use this option in normal operation.

Without this option, no debug output is produced. When the option is specified but not the level N, the default debug level is 1, that is to say a reasonable amount of information. The higher the debug level is, the more output is produced.

The amount of debug information depends on the command. Some commands do not generate any debug information.

--help

The option displays the syntax of the command and exits.

If either the standard output or the standard error is a terminal, the help text is "paged" through a system utility such as less or more, whichever is available. The environment variable PAGER can be used to specify an alternate pager command with its parameters (see section 3.1.4).

To redirect the help text to a file, you must redirect both the standard output and standard error. Otherwise, since at least one of the two is a terminal, the pager will be used. Example: tsp --help &>help.txt

All tsp plugins also accept the option --help which provides help on this specific plugin.

--verbose

Display verbose information.

--version[=name]

The option displays the TSDuck version and exits.

The optional name indicates which type or format of version to display. The default is long. Other values are described in the table below.

Table 6. Values for option `--version`
Name	Description
`acceleration`	Availability of accelerated instructions for CRC32, AES, etc.
`all`	All information.
`bitrate`	Representation of bitrate values in computations. Using compilation options, bitrates can be represented as fixed-point values, floating-point values, integer values or integer fractions. See section 2.2 for more details.
`compiler`	Compiler name and version.
`crypto`	Version of the cryptographic library.
`date`	Build date.
`dektec`	Version of the Dektec drivers and DTAPI library.
`http`	Version of the HTTP/HTTPS library.
`integer`	TSDuck version as one integer value which can be used in scripts to test against minimum required versions. Example: "32802466".
`long`	TSDuck version in long string format. This is the default.
`nsis`	TSDuck version in NSIS directive format (legacy, no longer used).
`rist`	Version of the RIST library.
`short`	TSDuck version is short format. Example: "3.28-2466".
`srt`	Version of the SRT library.
`system`	Description of the running system.
`vatek`	Version of the VATek library (for VATek-based modulators).

Example:

$ tsp --version=all
tsp: TSDuck - The MPEG Transport Stream Toolkit - version 3.28-2466
Built Aug 10 2021 - 23:09:27
Using GCC 10.3.0, C++ std 2011.03
System: Ubuntu (Ubuntu 21.04), on Intel x86-64, 64-bit, little-endian, page size:
4096 bytes
Bitrate: 64-bit fixed-point with 1 decimals
Web library: libcurl: 7.74.0, ssl: OpenSSL/1.1.1j, libz: 1.2.11
SRT library: libsrt version 1.4.2
Dektec: DTAPI: 5.45.0.172

Some commands which produce a very verbose output are automatically redirected to a pager command such as less or more, whichever is available. The redirection is performed only when the standard output is a terminal.

The environment variable PAGER can be used to specify an alternate pager command with its parameters.

The TSDuck commands which can send their output to a pager always define the --no-pager option to disable the redirection even when the standard output is a terminal.

3.1.5. Partial command line redirection from a file

In any TSDuck command, it is possible to read some or all options and parameter from a file. The syntax is @filename where filename is a text file containing options and parameters.

In the text file, each line must contain exactly one item (option name, option value or parameter).

Sample command:

$ tsp -v @dvb.txt -P until --seconds 20 -P analyze -o out.txt -O drop

The file dvb.txt contains a list of command line items, one per line. The content of the file dvb.txt exactly replaces the expression @dvb.txt.

Sample content of this file:

-I
dvb
--frequency
12,169,000,000
--symbol-rate
27,500,000
--fec-inner
3/4
--polarity
horizontal
--delivery-system
DVB-S2
--modulation
8-PSK

Note that each line contains exactly one command line item. Spaces or special characters are not filtered or interpreted. Using that kind of command can be useful in several situations:

When a custom application generates long and complicated TSDuck commands.
When the options or parameters contain special characters, spaces or any other sequence which must be properly escaped with some shells, possibly differently between shells or operating systems.

Command line parameter redirections can be nested. When one line of such a text file contains a pattern @filename, the second file is inserted here.

Finally, if a parameter really starts with a @ character (which can be possible in a service or device name for instance), use a double @@ to indicate that this is a literal @ character and not a redirection.

Consider the following command:

$ tsp -v @dvb.txt -P zap @@home -O drop

This command reads parameters from the file dvb.txt to find the tuning options and extracts the service named @home (with one @). The double @ has been used to indicate that this is a literal @.

And since redirections can be nested, the initial @@ escape sequence can also be used inside text files containing parameters.

3.1.6. Default options from the TSDuck configuration file

It is possible to specify default command line options or alternate options in a global configuration file. This configuration file is specific per user.

See appendix A for a complete reference of the TSDuck configuration file.

3.1.7. Bash command line completion

For bash users, when the bash-completion package is installed, specific completion scripts are added for TSDuck. Plugin names, command and plugin options, predefined enumeration values for options are automatically completed.

On Linux, the completions are automatically defined.

On macOS with Homebrew, there is no TSDuck-specific setup but the Homebrew-defined bash completions, as a whole, must have been previously enabled. Add the following line to your .bashrc file:

[[ -e $(brew --prefix)/etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh ]] && \
    source $(brew --prefix)/etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh

On Windows with Cygwin or Msys, add the following TSDuck-specific line to your .bashrc file:

source "$TSDUCK/setup/tsduck-completion.bash"

The rest of this chapter documents all TSDuck utilities, in alphabetical order.

3.2. tsanalyze

Transport stream analysis

This utility analyzes a transport stream. It reports either a full analysis of the transport stream, services and PID’s (either in human readable format or normalized format for automatic analysis) or selected individual information.

The output can include full synthetic analysis (options --*-analysis), full normalized output (options --normalized and --json) or a simple list of values on one line (options --*-list). The second and third type of options are useful to write automated scripts.

If output control options are specified, only the selected outputs are produced. If no such option is given, the default is:

$ tsanalyze --ts-analysis --service-analysis --pid-analysis --table-analysis

See also the plugin analyze for tsp for the equivalent tool in the context of tsp. This plugin analyzes the stream at a specific point in a TS processing pipeline.

Usage

$ tsanalyze [options] [input-file]

Input file

MPEG transport stream, either a capture file or a pipe from a live stream (see option --format for binary formats).

If the parameter is omitted, is an empty string or a dash (-), the standard input is used.

General purpose options

-b value
--bitrate value

Specifies the bitrate of the transport stream in bits/second (based on 188-byte packets). By default, the bitrate is evaluated using the PCR in the transport stream. If no bitrate can be determined (no user-specified value, no PCR), the analysis will not report the bitrates of the individual services and PID’s.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

--format name

Specify the format of the input transport stream. See section 2.1.2 for more details.

--no-pager

Do not send output through a pager process. By default, if the output device is a terminal, the output is paged. See section 3.1.4 for more details.

Analysis control options

These options are identical in the command tsanalyze and the tsp plugin analyze.

--suspect-max-consecutive value

Specifies the maximum number of consecutive suspect packets. The default value is one. If set to zero, the suspect packet detection is disabled.

Suspect packets are TS packets which are technically correct but which may be suspected of being incorrect, resulting in analysis errors. Typically, in the middle of a suite of packets with un-correctable binary errors, one packet may appear to have no such error while it has some errors in fact. To avoid adding this type of packets in the analysis, a packet is declared as suspect (and consequently ignored in the analysis) when:

its PID is unknown (no other packet was found in this PID)
it immediately follows a certain amount of packet containing errors (see option --suspect-min-error-count)
it immediately follows no more than the specified number consecutive suspect packets.

--suspect-min-error-count value

Specifies the minimum number of consecutive packets with errors before starting suspect packet detection. See also option --suspect-max-consecutive.

The default value is one. If set to zero, the suspect packet detection is disabled.

Output control options

These options are identical in the command tsanalyze and the tsp plugin analyze.

--deterministic

Enforce a deterministic and reproduceable output. Do not output non-reproduceable information such as system time (useful for automated tests).

--error-analysis

Report analysis about detected errors.

--global-pid-list

Report the list of all global PID’s, that is to say PID’s which are not referenced by a specific service but are standard DVB PSI/SI PID’s or are referenced by them. This include, for instance, PID’s of the PAT, EMM’s, EIT’s, stuffing, etc.

--normalized

Complete report about the transport stream, services, PID’s and tables in the old normalized output format. This type of output is useful for automatic analysis in scripts.

--pes-pid-list

Report the list of all PID’s which are declared as carrying PES packets (audio, video, subtitles, etc).

--pid-analysis

Report analysis for each PID.

--pid-list

Report the list of all PID’s.

--prefix 'string'

For one-line displays (options --*-list), prepend the specified string to all values. For instance, options --global --prefix -p outputs something like -p 0 -p 1 -p 16, which is an acceptable option list for the tsp plugin filter.

--service-analysis

Report analysis for each service.

--service-list

Report the list of all service ids.

--service-pid-list value

Report the list of all PID’s which are referenced by the specified service id.

--table-analysis

Report analysis for each table.

--title 'string'

Display the specified string as title header.

--ts-analysis

Report global transport stream analysis.

--unreferenced-pid-list

Report the list of all unreferenced PID’s, that is to say PID’s which are neither referenced by a service nor known as or referenced by the standard DVB PSI/SI.

-w
--wide-display

Use a wider grid display with more information on each line.

JSON output options

--json

Produce a report in JSON output format. Useful for automatic analysis.

--json-buffer-size value

With --json-tcp or --json-udp, specify the network socket send buffer size.

--json-line[='prefix']

Same as --json but report the JSON text as one single line in the message logger instead of fully formatted output file.

The optional string parameter specifies a prefix to prepend on the log line before the JSON text to facilitate the filtering of the appropriate line in the logs.

--json-tcp address:port

Same as --json but report the JSON text as one single line in a TCP connection instead of the output file.

The address specifies an IP address or a host name that translates to an IP address. The port specifies the destination TCP port.

By default, a new TCP connection is established each time a JSON message is produced (see also option --json-tcp-keep). Be aware that a complete TCP connection cycle may introduce some latency in the processing. If latency is an issue, consider using --json-udp.

--json-tcp-keep

With --json-tcp, keep the TCP connection open for all JSON messages. By default, a new TCP connection is established each time a JSON message is produced.

--json-udp address:port

Same as --json but report the JSON text as one single line in a UDP datagram instead of the output file.

The address specifies an IP address which can be either unicast or multicast. It can be also a host name that translates to an IP address. The port specifies the destination UDP port.

Be aware that the size of UDP datagrams is limited by design to 64 kB. If larger JSON contents are expected, consider using --json-tcp.

--json-udp-local address

With --json-udp, when the destination is a multicast address, specify the IP address of the outgoing local interface. It can be also a host name that translates to a local address.

--json-udp-ttl value

With --json-udp, specifies the TTL (Time-To-Live) socket option. The actual option is either "Unicast TTL" or "Multicast TTL", depending on the destination address. Remember that the default Multicast TTL is 1 on most systems.

Interpretation of the transport stream content

These options controls the peculiarities of local Digital TV standards and how they are used.

--abnt

Assume that the transport stream is an ISDB one with ABNT-defined variants. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--atsc

Assume that the transport stream is an ATSC one. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--brazil

A synonym for --isdb --abnt --default-charset RAW-ISO-8859-15 --time-reference UTC-3 . This is a handy shortcut when working on South American ISDB-Tb transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--default-charset name

Default character set to use when interpreting strings from tables and descriptors. By default, the standard DVB encoding is used. See section 2.5 for more details.

--default-pds value

Default DVB-defined private data specifier (PDS). See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--default-registration value

Default MPEG-defined registration id (also known as format identifier). Several options --default-registration options can be specified. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--dvb

Assume that the transport stream is a DVB one. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--europe

A synonym for --dvb --default-charset ISO-8859-15. . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--ignore-leap-seconds

Do not explicitly include leap seconds in some UTC computations. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--isdb

Assume that the transport stream is an ISDB one. ISDB streams are normally automatically detected from their signalization. This option is only useful when ISDB-related stuff are found in the TS before the first ISDB-specific table. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--japan

A synonym for --isdb --default-charset ARIB-STD-B24 --time-reference JST . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--philippines

A synonym for --isdb --abnt --default-charset RAW-UTF-8 --time-reference UTC+8 . This is a handy shortcut when working on Philippines transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--time-reference name

Use a non-standard time reference in DVB or ISDB-defined SI. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--usa

A synonym for --atsc . This is a handy shortcut when working on North American transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

Normalized output format

In normalized output, each line describes one object (service, PID, table, etc). The format of each line is:

type:name[=value]:...

The type identifies the kind of object which is described by the line. The name identifies a characteristics for the object with an optional value. There is no space characters. All integer values are in decimal format.

The normalized syntax can be used to search for specific objects with specific characteristics. It is specially designed to extract values using standard UNIX tools such as sed and grep.

Example: The following sample command extracts the list of EMM PID’s for the SafeAccess CAS. The object type is pid (at the beginning of line) and the two selected characteristics are emm (no value) and cas with SafeAccess DVB-assigned CA_system_id value (0x4ADC, which is 19164 in decimal).

$ tsanalyze --normalize ... | \
    grep '^pid:' | grep ':emm:' | grep ':cas=19164:' | \
    sed -e 's/.*:pid=//' -e 's/:.*//'

Other more complex examples of automated scripts are available in chapter 5.

Obsolescence: Note that this format was designed in the early times of TSDuck. Nowadays, more modern formats such as JSON are more appropriate. The option --json can be used instead of --normalized to produce a JSON report. Such an output is easily manipulated and explored using the open source tool jq.

3.3. tsbitrate

Bitrate evaluation from PCR

This utility evaluates the original bitrate of a transport stream based on an analysis of the PCR’s (Program Clock Reference timestamps) and the interval between them. This is especially useful for captured files where the transmission bitrate information is lost.

Usage

$ tsbitrate [options] [input-file]

Input file

MPEG transport stream, either a capture file or a pipe from a live stream (see option --format for binary formats).

If the parameter is omitted, is an empty string or a dash (-), the standard input is used.

Options

-a
--all

Analyze all packets in the input file. By default, stop analysis when enough PCR information has been collected.

-d
--dts

Use DTS (Decoding Time Stamps) from video PID’s instead of PCR (Program Clock Reference) from the transport layer.

--format name

Specify the format of the input transport stream. See section 2.1.2 for more details.

-f
--full

Full analysis. The file is entirely analyzed (as with --all) and the final report includes a complete per PID bitrate analysis.

-i
--ignore-errors

Ignore transport stream errors such as discontinuities. When errors are not ignored (the default), the bitrate of the original stream (before corruptions) is evaluated. When errors are ignored, the bitrate of the received stream is evaluated, missing packets being considered as non-existent.

--min-pcr value

Stop analysis when that number of PCR’s are read from the required minimum number of PID’s (default: stop after 64 PCR’s on 1 PID).

--min-pid value

Minimum number of PID to get PCR’s from (default: stop after 64 PCR’s on 1 PID).

-v
--value-only

Display only the bitrate value, in bits/seconds, based on 188-byte packets. Useful to reuse the value in command lines.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.4. tscharset

Test tool for DVB and ARIB character sets

This utility performs manual string encoding and decoding using various DVB and ARIB character sets. It can be used to evaluate the validity of conversions.

By default, the converted data is displayed on one line. With the --verbose option, more details are displayed such as the string in UTF-8 or UTF-16 format.

Usage

$ tscharset [options]

Options

-c
--c-style

Output binary data in C/C++ syntax, using 0x prefix. The result can be easily copied into C/C++ source code.

-d hexa-digits
--decode hexa-digits

Decode the specified binary data according to the default character set. The encoded data shall be represented as binary digits. Spaces are ignored.

-e "string"
--encode "string"

Encode the specified string according to the default character set. See also options --from-utf-8 and --from-utf-16.

-6 --from-utf-16

With --encode, specify that the parameter value is a suite of binary digits representing the string in UTF-16 format. There must be an even number of bytes.

-8 --from-utf-8

With --encode, specify that the parameter value is a suite of binary digits representing the string in UTF-8 format.

-l
--list-charsets

List all known character set names.

-o file-name
--output file-name

Output file name. By default, use standard output.

--to-utf-16

With --decode, display an hexadecimal representation of the decoded string in UTF-16 format.

With --verbose, this option is redundant because the string is already displayed in plain form and in UTF-16 representation.

--to-utf-8

With --decode, display an hexadecimal representation of the decoded string in UTF-8 format.

With --verbose, use UTF-8 instead of UTF-16 for the alternate representation of the string.

Interpretation of the transport stream content

These options controls the peculiarities of local Digital TV standards and how they are used.

--brazil

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-ISO-8859-15 . This is a handy shortcut when working on South American ISDB-Tb transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--default-charset name

Default character set to use when interpreting strings from tables and descriptors. By default, the standard DVB encoding is used. See section 2.5 for more details.

--europe

A synonym for --default-charset ISO-8859-15. . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--japan

A synonym for --default-charset ARIB-STD-B24 . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--philippines

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-UTF-8 . This is a handy shortcut when working on Philippines transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.5. tscmp

Transport stream files comparison

This utility compares the binary content of two transport stream files. Selected fields may be omitted in the comparison to allow comparing files which went through different PID remapping or resynchronization process.

Usage

$ tscmp [options] filename-1 filename-2

Input files

MPEG transport stream files to be compared (see option --format for binary formats). If a file name is an empty string or a dash (-), the standard input is used.

Options

--buffered-packets value

Specifies the files input buffer size in TS packets. This is used with --search-reorder to look for reordered packets. Packets which are not found within that range in the other file are considered missing.

The default is 10,000 TS packets.

-b value
--byte-offset value

Start reading the files at the specified byte offset. The default is zero.

--cc-ignore

Ignore continuity counters when comparing packets. Useful if one file has been resynchronized.

-c
--continue

Continue the comparison up to the end of files. By default, stop after the first differing packet.

-d
--dump

Dump the content of all differing packets. Also separately dump the differing area within the packets.

--format name

Specify the format of the input transport stream. See section 2.1.2 for more details.

By default, the format of each input file is automatically detected and can be different from one file to another. When the option --format is specified, all input files must have the same format.

-m count
--min-reorder count

With --search-reorder, this is the minimum number of consecutive packets to consider in reordered sequences of packets. This is used to avoid random isolated packets or small sets of packet, such as null packets, to be considered as a reordered sequence.

The default is 7 TS packets.

-n
--normalized

Report in a normalized output format. Useful for automatic analysis.

-p value
--packet-offset value

Start reading the files at the specified TS packet. The default is zero.

--payload-only

Compare only the payload of the packets, ignore header and adaptation field.

--pcr-ignore

Ignore PCR and OPCR when comparing packets. Useful if one file has been resynchronized.

--pid-ignore

Ignore PID value when comparing packets. Useful if one file has gone through a remapping process.

-q
--quiet

Do not output any message. The process simply terminates with a success status if the files are identical and a failure status if they differ.

-s
--search-reorder

Search missing or reordered packets.

By default, packets are compared one by one without looking for equivalent packets somewhere else.

See also --threshold-diff and --buffered-packets.

-t value
--threshold-diff value

When used with --search-reorder, this value specifies the maximum number of differing bytes in packets to declare them equal. When two packets have more differing bytes than this threshold, the packets are reported as different and the first file is read ahead. The default is zero, which means that two packets must be strictly identical to declare them equal.

If you find this explanation unclear, try it with a second file which contains both missing and corrupted packets.

JSON output options

-j
--json

Produce a report in JSON output format. Useful for automatic analysis.

--json-buffer-size value

With --json-tcp or --json-udp, specify the network socket send buffer size.

--json-line[='prefix']

Same as --json but report the JSON text as one single line in the message logger instead of fully formatted output file.

The optional string parameter specifies a prefix to prepend on the log line before the JSON text to facilitate the filtering of the appropriate line in the logs.

--json-tcp address:port

Same as --json but report the JSON text as one single line in a TCP connection instead of the output file.

The address specifies an IP address or a host name that translates to an IP address. The port specifies the destination TCP port.

--json-tcp-keep

With --json-tcp, keep the TCP connection open for all JSON messages. By default, a new TCP connection is established each time a JSON message is produced.

--json-udp address:port

Same as --json but report the JSON text as one single line in a UDP datagram instead of the output file.

The address specifies an IP address which can be either unicast or multicast. It can be also a host name that translates to an IP address. The port specifies the destination UDP port.

Be aware that the size of UDP datagrams is limited by design to 64 kB. If larger JSON contents are expected, consider using --json-tcp.

--json-udp-local address

With --json-udp, when the destination is a multicast address, specify the IP address of the outgoing local interface. It can be also a host name that translates to a local address.

--json-udp-ttl value

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.6. tsconfig

Configuration options to build applications (developers only)

This command is installed on UNIX systems (Linux, macOS, BSD) only.

For developers, it generates the various build options for the current operating system and is used by developers to build their applications.

Without any option, tsconfig displays all configuration options. With one or more specific options, it outputs command line options for the compiler, the linker or installation commands.

Usage

$ tsconfig [options]

Options

--bin

Display the directory for TSDuck executables.

--cflags

Display the pre-processor and compiler flags. In a makefile, this is used in CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS.

--config

Display the directory for TSDuck configuration files.

TSDuck extensions should store their .xml or .names files there.

--help

Display command help text.

--include

Display the include directory.

--install-dvb-firmware

Linux only: download and install additional DVB firmware.

Depending on the distro, some firmware files are installed with standard packages such as linux-firmware. Some USB tuners need additional firmware from non-standard sources. Using this option, tsconfig downloads and installs some known additional firmware files for DVB tuners.

Must be root to use that option.

--java

Display the jar file for TSDuck Java bindings, to be added in CLASSPATH.

--lib

Display the directory for TSDuck dynamic libraries (except plugins).

TSDuck extensions should store their tslibext_xxx.so libraries there (.dylib on macOS, .dll on Windows).

--libs

Display the library linking flags. In a makefile, this is used in LDLIBS.

--nostdcpp

When present before --cflags, no C++ standard level is imposed in the compilation flags.

By default, the command tsconfig --cflags forces C++20 as level of C++ language standard. If your application requires a more recent level, define the environment variable TS_NOSTDCPP to any non-empty value. This disables the C++ standard option in tsconfig. The application shall then define its own C++ standard in its command line. This user-specified C++ standard cannot be lower than C++20.

Alternatively, the command tsconfig --nostdcpp --cflags can be used to omit the C++ standard from the compilation options without defining the environment variable TS_NOSTDCPP.

--plugin

Display the directory for TSDuck plugins.

TSDuck extensions should store their tsplugin_xxx.so libraries there (.dylib on macOS, .dll on Windows).

--prefix

Display the installation prefix.

--python

Display the directory for TSDuck Python bindings, to be added in PYTHONPATH.

--so

Display the shared object files extension (.so, .dylib, .dll).

--static-libs

Display the static library linking flags. In a makefile, this is used in LDLIBS.

--vernum

Display the TSDuck version as a number.

--version

Display the TSDuck version as found in the development environment.

Sample usages

The following commands are used to build an application using the TSDuck library:

$ g++ $(tsconfig --cflags) -c app.cpp
$ g++ app.o $(tsconfig --libs) -o app

Replace g++ with clang++ if you use Clang/LLVM instead of GCC.

In a GNU makefile, the developer should use:

CXXFLAGS += $(shell tsconfig --cflags)
LDLIBS += $(shell tsconfig --libs)

If the application is a TSDuck extension providing one or more plugins, the installation commands in the makefile are like this:

$ install -m 644 tslibext_foo.so $(shell tsconfig --lib)
$ install -m 644 tsplugin_*.so $(shell tsconfig --plugin)

To use the Java and Python bindings:

$ export CLASSPATH="$(tsconfig --java):$CLASSPATH"
$ export PYTHONPATH="$(tsconfig --python):$PYTHONPATH"

3.7. tscrc32

Compute MPEG-style CRC32 values

This utility manually computes CRC32 values, as found in MPEG sections.

Usage

$ tscr32 [options] [input-file ...]

Input files

Any number of binary input files.

If the parameter is omitted, is an empty string or a dash (-), the standard input is used.

Options

-a
--accelerated

Check if the computation of CRC32 is accelerated using specialized instructions (display yes or no).

-d hexa-data
--data hexa-data

Raw input data instead of input files. Use hexadecimal digits.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.8. tsdate

Date and time extraction

This utility extracts date and time information from a transport stream, namely the TDT (Time and Data Table) and the TOT (Time Offset Table).

Usage

$ tsdate [options] [input-file]

Input file

MPEG transport stream, either a capture file or a pipe from a live stream (see option --format for binary formats).

If the parameter is omitted, is an empty string or a dash (-), the standard input is used.

Options

-a
--all

Report all TDT/TOT tables (default: report only the first table of each type).

-f name
--format name

Specify the format of the input transport stream. See section 2.1.2 for more details.

--notdt

Ignore Time & Date Table (TDT).

--notot

Ignore Time Offset Table (TOT).

Interpretation of the transport stream content

These options controls the peculiarities of local Digital TV standards and how they are used.

--abnt

Assume that the transport stream is an ISDB one with ABNT-defined variants. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--atsc

Assume that the transport stream is an ATSC one. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--brazil

A synonym for --isdb --abnt --time-reference UTC-3 . This is a handy shortcut when working on South American ISDB-Tb transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--dvb

Assume that the transport stream is a DVB one. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--europe

A synonym for --dvb . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--ignore-leap-seconds

Do not explicitly include leap seconds in some UTC computations. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--isdb

--japan

A synonym for --isdb --time-reference JST . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--philippines

A synonym for --isdb --abnt --time-reference UTC+8 . This is a handy shortcut when working on Philippines transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--time-reference name

Use a non-standard time reference in DVB or ISDB-defined SI. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--usa

A synonym for --atsc . This is a handy shortcut when working on North American transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.9. tsdektec

Dektec device control

This utility controls Dektec devices, which include input and/or output DVB-ASI devices or modulators (see [Dektec]).

Restrictions

This command is available on Linux and Windows only, Intel processors only. Dektec provides no software support on macOS and other processors. Moreover, this command may be unavailable on some Linux distributions since it integrates a closed-source library from Dektec, which is prohibited by the policy of some distributions.

Usage

$ tsdektec [options] [device]

Device

The optional parameter is a device index, from 0 to N-1 (with N being the number of Dektec devices in the system). The default is 0, the first device.

Use option --list-all (or -a) to have a complete list of devices in the system.

Options

-a
--list-all

List all Dektec devices available on the system.

-i port-number
--input port-number

Set the specified port in input mode. This applies to bidirectional ports which can be either set in input or output mode. The port number of each channel can be seen using the command tsdektec -av.

-l state
--led state

Set the state of the LED on the rear panel. Useful to identify a Dektec device when more than one is present. The state is one of off, green, red, yellow, blue, hardware. See also option --wait (the led state is automatically returned to hardware after exit).

-n
--normalized

With --all, list the Dektec devices in a normalized output format (useful for automatic analysis).

-o port-number
--output port-number

Set the specified port in output mode. This applies to bidirectional ports which can be either set in input or output mode. The port number of each channel can be seen using the command tsdektec -av.

-p value
--power-mode value

On DTU-315 USB modulators, set the power mode to the specified value.

Must be one of high-quality, low-power.

-r
--reset

Reset the device.

-w seconds
--wait seconds

Wait the specified number of seconds before exiting.

The default if 5 seconds if option --led is specified and 0 otherwise.

JSON output options

-j
--json

With --all, list the Dektec devices in JSON format. Useful for automatic analysis.

--json-buffer-size value

With --json-tcp or --json-udp, specify the network socket send buffer size.

--json-line[='prefix']

Same as --json but report the JSON text as one single line in the message logger instead of fully formatted output file.

The optional string parameter specifies a prefix to prepend on the log line before the JSON text to facilitate the filtering of the appropriate line in the logs.

--json-tcp address:port

Same as --json but report the JSON text as one single line in a TCP connection instead of the output file.

The address specifies an IP address or a host name that translates to an IP address. The port specifies the destination TCP port.

--json-tcp-keep

With --json-tcp, keep the TCP connection open for all JSON messages. By default, a new TCP connection is established each time a JSON message is produced.

--json-udp address:port

Same as --json but report the JSON text as one single line in a UDP datagram instead of the output file.

The address specifies an IP address which can be either unicast or multicast. It can be also a host name that translates to an IP address. The port specifies the destination UDP port.

Be aware that the size of UDP datagrams is limited by design to 64 kB. If larger JSON contents are expected, consider using --json-tcp.

--json-udp-local address

With --json-udp, when the destination is a multicast address, specify the IP address of the outgoing local interface. It can be also a host name that translates to a local address.

--json-udp-ttl value

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

Normalized output format

In normalized output, each line describes one object (driver, device, channel, etc). The format of each line is:

type:name[=value]:...

The normalized syntax can be used to search for specific objects with specific characteristics. See also the description of the command tsanalyze for another example of normalized output.

3.10. tsdump

Dump TS packets

This utility dumps the contents of MPEG transport stream packets.

Usage

$ tsdump [options] [input-file ...]

Input files

Any number of MPEG transport stream files. If the parameter is omitted, is an empty string or a dash (-), the standard input is used.

Note that if the option --raw is used, the input files can be any type of file, not necessarily MPEG transport stream files.

Input file options

--byte-offset value

Start reading each file at the specified byte offset (default: 0).

This option is allowed only if all input files are regular files.

-c
--c-style

Same as --raw-dump (no interpretation of packets) but dump the bytes in C-language style, e.g. 0x01, 0x02, instead of 01 02. Useful to include tsdump output as data in a C or C++ source file.

-f name
--format name

Specify the format of the input transport stream. See section 2.1.2 for more details.

By default, the format of each input file is automatically detected and can be different from one file to another. When the option --format is specified, all input files must have the same format.

This option is ignored with --raw-file, the complete raw structure of the file is dumped.

-m value
--max-packets value

Maximum number of packets to dump per file.

--no-pager

Do not send output through a pager process. By default, if the output device is a terminal, the output is paged. See section 3.1.4 for more details.

--packet-offset value

Start reading each file at the specified TS packet (default: 0).

This option is allowed only if all input files are regular files.

-r
--raw-file

Raw dump of file, do not interpret as TS packets. With this option, tsdump simply acts as a hexa / ASCII file dumper.

Packet dump options

--adaptation-field

Include formatting of the adaptation field.

-a
--ascii

Include ASCII dump in addition to hexadecimal.

-b
--binary

Include binary dump in addition to hexadecimal.

-h
--headers-only

Dump packet headers only, not payload.

-l
--log

Display a short one-line log of each packet instead of full dump.

--log-size value

With option --log, specify how many bytes are displayed in each packet.

The default is 188 bytes (complete packet).

-n
--nibble

Same as --binary but add separator between 4-bit nibbles.

--no-headers

Do not display packet header information.

-o
--offset

Display offset from start of packet with hexadecimal dump.

--payload

Hexadecimal dump of TS payload only, skip TS header.

-p pid1[-pid2]
--pid pid1[-pid2]

Dump only packets with these PID values. Several --pid options may be specified.

By default, all packets are displayed.

--rs204

Dump the 16-byte trailer as found in RS204 files.

In the case of an ISDB-T stream with 204-byte packets, if you want to analyze the ISDB Information in the packet trailer, specify option --isdb. Without this option, the stream is considered as standard and the trailer is just a 16-byte Reed-Solomon FEC.

UDP reception options

The command tsdump can also be used to dump UDP datagrams. This behavior is triggered by the option --ip-udp. With this option, no input file shall be specified. The received UDP datagrams are not expected to contain TS packets and --raw-file is implicit.

This option is used to dump raw UDP datagrams. It is typically used for debug purpose on UDP networking. Do not use this option to dump TS packets from an IP-TV stream. Use tsp with input plugin ip and plugin dump.

The options which are described in this section apply only when --ip-udp is used.

--buffer-size value

Specify the UDP socket receive buffer size in bytes (socket option).

--default-interface

Let the system find the appropriate local interface on which to listen. By default, listen on all local interfaces.

--disable-multicast-loop

Disable multicast loopback.

By default, incoming multicast packets are looped back on local interfaces, if an application sends packets to the same group from the same system. This option disables this.

Warning: On input sockets, this option is effective only on Windows systems. On UNIX systems (Linux, macOS, BSD), this option applies only to output sockets.

--first-source

Filter UDP packets based on the source address. Use the sender address of the first received packet as only allowed source.

This option is useful when several sources send packets to the same destination address and port. Accepting all packets could result in a corrupted stream and only one sender shall be accepted.

To allow a more precise selection of the sender, use option --source. Options --first-source and --source are mutually exclusive.

--ip-udp [[source@]address:]port

Specify that tsdump shall dump raw UDP datagrams, not TS packets from transport stream files. The port part is mandatory and specifies the UDP port to listen on. The address part is optional. It specifies an IP multicast address to listen on. It can be also a host name that translates to a multicast address. If the address is not specified, the plugin simply listens on the specified local port and receives the packets which are sent to one of the local (unicast) IP addresses of the system.

An optional source address can be specified as source@address:port in the case of source-specific multicast (SSM).

--local-address address

Specify the IP address of the local interface on which to listen. It can be also a host name that translates to a local address. By default, listen on all local interfaces.

--no-reuse-port

Disable the reuse port socket option. Do not use unless completely necessary.

--receive-timeout value

Specify the UDP reception timeout in milliseconds. This timeout applies to each receive operation, individually. By default, receive operations wait for data, possibly forever.

--reuse-port

Set the reuse port socket option. This is now enabled by default, the option is present for legacy only.

--source address[:port]

Filter UDP packets based on the specified source address. This option is useful when several sources send packets to the same destination address and port. Accepting all packets could result in a corrupted stream and only one sender shall be accepted.

Options --first-source and --source are mutually exclusive.

--ssm

This option forces the usage of source-specific multicast (SSM) using the source address which is specified by the option --source. Without --ssm, standard ("any-source") multicast is used and the option --source is used to filter incoming packets.

The --ssm option is implicit when the classical SSM syntax source@address:port is used.

Interpretation of the transport stream content

These options controls the peculiarities of local Digital TV standards and how they are used.

--abnt

Assume that the transport stream is an ISDB one with ABNT-defined variants. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--atsc

Assume that the transport stream is an ATSC one. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--brazil

A synonym for --isdb --abnt . This is a handy shortcut when working on South American ISDB-Tb transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--dvb

Assume that the transport stream is a DVB one. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--europe

A synonym for --dvb . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--ignore-leap-seconds

Do not explicitly include leap seconds in some UTC computations. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--isdb

--japan

A synonym for --isdb . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--philippines

A synonym for --isdb --abnt . This is a handy shortcut when working on Philippines transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--usa

A synonym for --atsc . This is a handy shortcut when working on North American transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.11. tsecmg

Minimal generic DVB SimulCrypt-compliant ECMG

This utility behaves as a DVB SimulCrypt compliant ECMG. It can be used to debug system integration, replacing any standard ECM Generator. Most DVB SimulCrypt parameters can be adjusted from the command line to test the behaviour of an SCS.

This fake ECMG can be used with the tsp plugin named scrambler to build an end-to-end demo of a DVB SimulCrypt system.

This fake ECMG accepts all Super_CAS_Id values. All ECM requests are instantaneously responded. The returned ECM is a fake one. The fake ECM’s are TLV messages containing the access criteria and the control words as sent by the SCS in clear format.

Warning: It is obvious that this ECMG shall never be used on a production system since it returns ECM’s with clear control words.

Usage

$ tsecmg [options]

Network options

--no-reuse-port

Disable the reuse port socket option. Do not use unless completely necessary.

-o
--once

Accept only one client and exit at the end of the session.

-p value
--port value

TCP port number of the ECMG server. Default: 2222.

DVB SimulCrypt options

--ac-delay-start value

This option sets the DVB SimulCrypt option AC_delay_start, in milliseconds. By default, use the same value as --delay-start.

--ac-delay-stop value

This option sets the DVB SimulCrypt option AC_delay_stop, in milliseconds. By default, use the same value as --delay-stop.

--comp-time value

This option specifies the computation time of an ECM. The clear ECM’s which are generated by this ECMG take no time to generate. But, in order to emulate the behaviour of a real ECMG, this parameter forces a delay of the specified duration before returning an ECM.

-c value
--cw-per-ecm value

Specify the required number of control words per ECM. This option sets the DVB SimulCrypt option CW_per_msg. It also set lead_CW to CW_per_msg - 1. By default, use 2 control words per ECM, the current one and next one.

--delay-start value

This option sets the DVB SimulCrypt option delay_start, in milliseconds. Default: 200 ms.

--delay-stop value

This option sets the DVB SimulCrypt option delay_stop, in milliseconds. Default: 200 ms.

--ecmg-scs-version value

Specifies the version of the ECMG⇔SCS DVB SimulCrypt protocol. Valid values are 2 and 3. The default is 2.

--max-comp-time value

Specify the maximum ECM computation time in milliseconds. This option sets the DVB SimulCrypt option max_comp_time.

By default, use the value of --comp-time (which is zero by default) plus 100 milliseconds.

-r value
--repetition value

This option sets the DVB SimulCrypt option ECM_rep_period, the requested repetition period of ECM’s, in milliseconds.

The default is 100 milliseconds.

-s
--section-mode

Return ECM’s in section format. This option sets the DVB SimulCrypt parameter section_TSpkt_flag to zero.

By default, ECM’s are returned in TS packet format.

--transition-delay-start value

This option sets the DVB SimulCrypt option transition_delay_start, in milliseconds. Default: -500 milliseconds.

--transition-delay-stop value

This option sets the DVB SimulCrypt option transition_delay_stop, in milliseconds. Default: 0 ms.

DVB SimulCrypt logging options

--log-data[=level]

Same as --log-protocol but applies to CW_provision and ECM_response messages only.

To debug the session management without being flooded by data messages, use --log-protocol=info --log-data=debug.

--log-protocol[=level]

Log all ECMG⇔SCS protocol messages using the specified level. If the option is not present, the messages are logged at debug level only. If the option is present without value, the messages are logged at info level.

A level can be a numerical debug level or any of the following: fatal, severe, error, warning, info, verbose, debug.

Asynchronous logging options

This application is multi-threaded. Each thread may log messages at any time. To avoid delaying an application thread, the messages are displayed asynchronously in a low priority thread.

--log-message-count value

Specify the maximum number of buffered log messages. This value specifies the maximum number of buffered log messages in memory, before being displayed. When too many messages are logged in a short period of time, while plugins use all CPU power, the low-priority log thread has no resource. If it cannot display on time, the buffered messages and extra messages are dropped. Increase this value if you think that too many messages are dropped.

-s
--synchronous-log

With this option, each logged message is guaranteed to be displayed, synchronously, without any loss of message. The downside is that an application thread may be blocked for a short while when too many messages are logged.

-t
--timed-log

Each logged message contains a time stamp.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.12. tseit

Manipulate EIT’s using commands and scripts

This utility manipulates DVB Event Information Tables (EIT) using commands. Scripts can be used to reproduce specific test cases.

This utility is typically reserved to offline testing. To generate and inject EIT’s in actual transport streams, use the tsp plugin eitinject.

Usage

$ tseit [options]

Options

-c 'string'
--command 'string'

Specify an EIT manipulation command. See the list of available commands below.

Several --command options can be specified. All commands are executed in sequence.

The commands from --file options are executed first, then the --command options. If there is no --file and no --command, the commands are read from the standard input.

-e
--exit-on-error

Stop executing commands when an error is encountered. By default, continue execution on error.

-f file-name
--file file-name

Specify a text file containing EIT manipulation commands to execute (command script). If the file name is a dash (-), the standard input is used.

As usual in scripts, each text line is a command. Lines starting with # are considered as comments and ignored. Lines ending with a backslash (\) continue on the next line.

Several --file options can be specified. All scripts are executed in sequence. The commands from --file options are executed first, then the --command options. If there is no --file and no --command, the commands are read from the standard input.

-i path
--input-directory path

Default directory of input files in EIT manipulation commands.

In all commands and scripts, each time an input file is specified without directory or with a relative path, this default directory is used as base. It is consequently possible to write position-independent scripts and specify the actual directory or base path in the tseit command.

-o path
--output-directory path

Default directory of output files in EIT manipulation commands.

This is equivalent to option --input-directory, applied to output files.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

List of EIT manipulation commands

dump

Dump the content of the EIT database.

Usage:

dump

exit

Exit tseit. Useful in interactive sessions.

Usage:

exit

generate

Generate TS packets, injecting EIT’s from the event database according to the injection profile. Non-EIT packets are null packets. The TS id, TS bitrate and initial date/time must have been specified first (see command set).

Usage:

generate [options] filename

filename

Name of the output TS file to generate.

-b value --bytes value

Stop after generating the specified number of bytes.

-p value --packets value

Stop after generating the specified number of TS packets.

-s value --seconds value

Stop after generating the specified number of seconds of contents. The duration is based on the TS bitrate.

-u time --until time

Generate packets up to the specified date in the stream. The current date in the stream is based on the initial date and the bitrate. Use "year/month/day:hour:minute:second.millisecond" format.

help

List all internal commands. This command is useful in interactive session.

Usage:

help

load

Load events from a file.

Usage:

load filename

filename

A binary, XML or JSON file containing EIT sections. See the tsp plugin eitinject for more details on event database files.

process

Process a transport stream file with EIT generation. The input file is read, EIT’s are injected using the event database. The TS bitrate must have been specified first (see command set).

Usage:

process [options] infile outfile

infile

Name of the input TS file. Input EIT’s are used to populate the event database.

outfile

Name of the output TS file to generate, after EIT injection.

-b value --bytes value

Stop after generating the specified number of bytes.

-i --infinite

Repeat the input file infinitely.

-p value --packets value

Stop after generating the specified number of TS packets.

-r value --repeat value

Repeat the input file the specified number of times. By default, the input file is read once.

-s value --seconds value

Stop after generating the specified number of seconds of contents. The duration is based on the TS bitrate.

-o value --start-offset value

Start reading the input file at the specified offset in bytes.

-u time --until time

Generate packets up to the specified date in the stream. The current date in the stream is based on the initial date and the bitrate. Use "year/month/day:hour:minute:second.millisecond" format.

quit

Exit tseit. Useful in interactive sessions. Same as exit.

Usage:

quit

reset

Reset the content of the event database.

Usage:

reset

save

Save all current EIT sections in a file.

Usage:

save filename

filename

Name of the output file receiving EIT sections in binary format.

set

Set EIT generation options.

Usage:

set [options]

--actual

Enable the generation of all EIT actual.

--actual-pf

Enable the generation of EIT p/f actual.

--actual-schedule

Enable the generation of EIT schedule actual.

--eit-bitrate value

Set the EIT maximum bitrate in bits/second.

--no-actual

Disable the generation of all EIT actual.

--no-actual-pf

Disable the generation of EIT p/f actual.

--no-actual-schedule

Disable the generation of EIT schedule actual.

--no-other

Disable the generation of all EIT other.

--no-other-pf

Disable the generation of EIT p/f other.

--no-other-schedule

Disable the generation of EIT schedule other.

--no-pf

Disable the generation of all EIT p/f.

--no-schedule

Disable the generation of all EIT schedule.

--other

Enable the generation of all EIT other.

--other-pf

Enable the generation of EIT p/f other.

--other-schedule

Enable the generation of EIT schedule other.

--pf

Enable the generation of all EIT p/f.

--satellite

Use the EIT cycle profile for satellite and cable networks as specified in [ETSI-101-211].

--schedule

Enable the generation of all EIT schedule.

--terrestrial

Use the EIT cycle profile for terrestrial networks as specified in [ETSI-101-211].

--time time

Set the current date and time in the transport stream. Use "year/month/day:hour:minute:second.millisecond" format.

--ts-bitrate value

Set the transport stream bitrate in bits/second.

--ts-id value

Set the actual transport stream id.

3.13. tsemmg

Minimal generic DVB SimulCrypt-compliant EMMG

This utility behaves as a DVB SimulCrypt compliant EMMG. It can be used to debug system integration, replacing any standard EMM Generator. Most DVB SimulCrypt parameters can be adjusted from the command line to test the behaviour of a MUX.

This fake EMMG can be used with the tsp plugin named datainject to build an end-to-end demo of a DVB SimulCrypt system.

Usage

$ tsemmg [options] [section-file ...]

Parameters

The parameters are files containing sections in binary or XML format. Several files can be specified. All sections are loaded and injected in the MUX using the EMMG/PDG⇔MUX protocol. The list of all sections from all files is cycled as long as tsemmg is running. The sections can be of any type, not only EMM’s.

By default, when no input file is specified, this EMMG generates fake EMM sections of a fixed size and all payload bytes contain the same value. The value of the fake EMM table_id and the value of the payload bytes are incremented in each new section. See options --emm-size, --emm-min-table-id and --emm-max-table-id.

Options

-b value
--bandwidth value

Specify the bandwidth of the data which are sent to the MUX in kilobits per second. The default is 100 kb/s.

--bytes-per-send value

Specify the average size in bytes of each data provision. The exact value depends on sections and packets sizes. Default: 500 bytes.

--channel-id value

This option sets the DVB SimulCrypt parameter data_channel_id. The default is 1.

-c value
--client-id value

This option sets the DVB SimulCrypt parameter client_id. The default is 0.

For EMM injection, the most signification 16 bits shall be the CA_system_id of the corresponding CAS.

--cycles value

Inject the sections from the input files the specified number of times. By default, inject sections indefinitely.

-d value
--data-id value

This option sets the DVB SimulCrypt parameter data_id. The default is 0.

--emm-max-table-id value

Specify the maximum table id of the automatically generated fake EMM’s. The default is 0x8F.

When generating fake EMM’s, the table ids are cycled from the minimum to the maximum value.

--emm-min-table-id value

Specify the minimum table id of the automatically generated fake EMM’s. The default is 0x82.

--emm-size value

Specify the size in bytes of the automatically generated fake EMM’s. The default is 100 bytes.

--emmg-mux-version value

Specify the version of the EMMG/PDG⇔MUX DVB SimulCrypt protocol. Valid values are 1 to 5. The default is 2.

-i
--ignore-allocated

Ignore the allocated bandwidth as returned by the MUX. Continue to send data at the planned bandwidth, even if it is higher than the allocated bandwidth.

--max-bytes value

Stop after sending the specified number of bytes. By default, send data indefinitely.

-m address:port
--mux address:port

Specify the IP address (or host name) and TCP port of the MUX.

This is a required parameter, there is no default.

--requested-bandwidth value

This option sets the DVB SimulCrypt parameter bandwidth in the stream_BW_request message. The value is in kilobits per second.

The default is the value of the --bandwidth option. Specifying distinct values for --bandwidth and --requested-bandwidth can be used for testing the behavior of a MUX.

-s
--section-mode

Send EMM’s or data in section format. This option sets the DVB SimulCrypt parameter section_TSpkt_flag to zero. By default, EMM’s and data are sent in TS packet format.

--stream-id value

This option sets the DVB SimulCrypt parameter data_stream_id. The default is 1.

-t value
--type value

This option sets the DVB SimulCrypt parameter data_type. The default is 0 (EMM).

In addition to integer values, the following names can be used: emm (0), private-data (1) and ecm (2).

-u [address:]port
--udp [address:]port

Specify that the data_provision messages shall be sent using UDP.

By default, the data_provision messages are sent over TCP using the same TCP connection as the management commands.

If the IP address (or host name) is not specified, use the same IP address as the --mux option. The port number is required, even if it is the same as the TCP port.

-w milliseconds
--udp-end-wait milliseconds

With --udp, specify the number of milliseconds to wait after the last data_provision message (UDP) and before the stream_close_request message (TCP).

This can be necesssary to ensure that the stream_close_request is processed after the processing of the last data_provision. The default is 100 ms.

DVB SimulCrypt logging options

--log-data[=level]

Same as --log-protocol but applies to data_provision messages only.

To debug the session management without being flooded by data messages, use --log-protocol=info --log-data=debug.

--log-protocol[=level]

Log all EMMG/PDG⇔MUX protocol messages using the specified level. If the option is not present, the messages are logged at debug level only. If the option is present without value, the messages are logged at info level.

A level can be a numerical debug level or any of the following: fatal, severe, error, warning, info, verbose, debug.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.14. tsfclean

Cleanup the structure and boundaries of a transport stream file

In its most general form, an MPEG transport stream file is just a set of TS packets. It can be a capture of a live stream, in which case the file starts and ends at arbitrary points in an endless transmission.

However, when a media player manipulates stored contents, it expects the files to start with the actual beginning of an audio/video content. When the file format is an MPEG transport stream, the player expects some characteristics such as immediate identification of the services and PID’s, initial intra video frame, etc. Not matching these characteristics does not prevent the content from being rendered by the player but glitches are usually present at startup.

The tsfclean command cleans up a TS file to make it more consistent for media players and other similar tools. The following transformations are applied:

The output file starts with the PAT, the CAT (if present on input), the SDT (if present on input) and the PMT’s of all services. Thus, the player is aware of the exact structure of the TS before processing the first audio / video data.
EIT present/following for actual existing services are kept. All other EIT’s are removed.
All other PSI/SI (including NIT, BAT, TDT and other broadcast-related tables), all null packets and all orphan PID’s are deleted.
In each video PID, all packets preceding the first intra-frame are deleted. If no intra-frame can be found (unknown video codec), all packets preceding the first complete PES packet are deleted. Additionally, to allow early clock synchronization, all TS packets containing a PCR before the first intra-frame are passed but their payload is deleted.
In each audio, subtitles or data component of the services, all packets preceding the first complete PES packet or section are deleted. When PTS are present (audio for instance), the PES packets preceding (in PTS time) the first video intra-frame are deleted. When PTS are not present, all PES packets preceding (in the stream) the first video intra-frame are deleted.
In case of scrambled content, the PTS are not accessible. In that case, all audio and video packets preceding the first complete PES packet are deleted. However, no timing synchronization is possible.

If the input file contains several versions of a table (PAT, CAT, SDT or PMT’s), all successive versions are merged into one single version of the table. Some players are known to read the first table of each kind only and are not able to handle table updates as a TV receiver would do. Consequently, if a service or a component of a service appears and disappears several times, it becomes in fact declared from the start to the end of the output file. If incompatible non-cumulative changes are introduced in a table update, an error is reported.

Usage

$ tsfclean [options] file ...

File

MPEG transport stream input files to cleanup. All input files must be regular files (no pipe) since the processing is done on two passes.

If more than one file is specified, the output name shall specify a directory.

Options

-o path
--output path

Specify the output file or directory.

If the specified path is a directory, the output file is created in that directory, with the same base name as the input file.

This is a mandatory parameter, there is no default.

If more than one input file is specified, the output name shall specify a directory.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.15. tsfixcc

Fix continuity counters

This utility fixes errors in the continuity counters (CC) in a transport stream file. If packets are missing (non continuous CC), the CC in all subsequent packets in the affected PID’s are modified to remove the discontinuity.

If the file needs to be repeatedly played, tsfixcc can also add empty packets at the end of the file to fill the discontinuities between the end and the beginning of the file when the playback wraps to the beginning.

Warning: Make sure that tsfixcc is really the right tool for what you want to do. tsfixcc can only fix the continuity counters. If the input file is corrupted with missing packets, tsfxcc cannot restore the content of the missing packets. Non-contiguous continuity counters are here to inform the video player that TS packets are missing and the PES content is probably corrupted. If you use tsfixcc, the continuity counters will become continuous again but the PES content remains corrupted because some binary data are still missing. The difference is that the media player will not be informed that the PES content is corrupted. Make sure that this is what you want to do.

Usage

$ tsfixcc [options] file

File

MPEG transport stream. Must be a binary stream of 188-byte packets.

This file must be a regular file (cannot be a pipe). It is open in read/write mode and is directly updated.

Options

-c
--circular

Enforce continuity when the file is played repeatedly. Add empty packets, if necessary, on each PID so that the continuity is preserved between end and beginning of file.

Note, however, that this method is not compliant with the MPEG-2 Transport Stream standard as defined in [ISO-13818-1]. The standard specifies that the continuity counter shall not be incremented on packets without payload.

-n
--no-action

Display what should be performed but do not modify the file.

--no-replicate-duplicated

Two successive packets in the same PID are considered as duplicated if they have the same continuity counter and same content (except PCR, if any).

By default, duplicated input packets are replicated as duplicated on output (the corresponding output packets have the same continuity counters).

When this option is specified, the input packets are not considered as duplicated and the output packets receive individually incremented countinuity counters.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.16. tsftrunc

Transport stream file truncation

This utility truncates a captured transport stream file to remove trailing incomplete packets.

See also the utility tsresync for a more powerful way to recover corrupted transport stream files.

Usage

$ tsftrunc [options] file ...

Files

MPEG transport stream files. They must be binary streams of 188-byte packets.

The files must be regular files (cannot be pipes). They are open in read/write mode and are directly updated.

Options

-b value
--byte value

Truncate the file at the next packet boundary after the specified size in bytes. Mutually exclusive with --packet.

-n
--noaction

Do not perform truncation, check mode only.

-p value
--packet value

Index of first packet to truncate. If unspecified, all complete packets are kept in the file. Extraneous bytes at end of file (after last multiple of 188 bytes) are truncated.

-s value
--size-of-packet value

Specify the TS packet size in bytes. The default is 188 bytes.

Alternate packet sizes are useful for M2TS or other TS file formats.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.17. tsfuzz

Introduce random errors in transport stream files

This utility randomly corrupts transport stream files, typically to perform fuzzing attacks on media tools or receiver equipment.

The same effect can be obtained in transport stream processing pipeline using the tsp plugin fuzz.

Usage

$ tsfuzz [options] file ...

File

MPEG transport stream input files to corrupt.

If more than one file is specified, the output name shall specify a directory.

General options

-o path
--output path

Specify the output file or directory. If the specified path is a directory, the output file is created in that directory, with the same base name as the input file.

This is a mandatory parameter, there is no default.

If more than one input file is specified, the output name shall specify a directory.

Fuzzing options

These options are identical in the command tsfuzz and the tsp plugin fuzz.

-c value
--corrupt-probability value

Probability to corrupt a byte in the transport stream. The default is zero, meaning no corruption.

The value must be a fraction, e.g. 1/20, 1/1000, 3/20000, etc.

-p pid1[-pid2]
--pid pid1[-pid2]

PID filter: corrupt packets with these PID values only.

Several --pid options may be specified. By default, without --pid option, all PID’s are eligible for random corruption.

-s hexa-data
--seed hexa-data

Initial seed for the pseudo-random number generator.

Specify hexadecimal data. The size is not limited but at least 32 bytes are recommended.

Using the same seed on the same TS file will result in exactly the same corruptions. Without this parameter, a random seed is used, and the corruptions cannot be identically reproduced.

--sync-byte

May corrupt the 0x47 sync byte in TS packets. This may invalidate the synchronization of the transport stream.

By default, sync bytes are preserved.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.18. tsgenecm

Generate one ECM using any DVB SimulCrypt-compliant ECMG

This command connects to a DVB SimulCrypt compliant ECMG and requests the generation of one ECM.

Restriction

The target ECMG shall support current or current/next control words in ECM, meaning CW_per_msg = 1 or 2 and lead_CW = 0 or 1.

Usage

$ tsgenecm [options] output-file

Output file

Name of the binary output section file which receives the generated ECM. If the specified name is "-", the standard output is used.

ECM content options

--cp-number value

Crypto-period number (default: 0).

-c hexa-digits
--cw-current hexa-digits

Current control word (required). The value must be a suite of hexadecimal digits.

-n hexa-digits
--cw-next hexa-digits

Next control word (optional). The value must be a suite of hexadecimal digits.

ECMG client options

-a hexa-digits
--access-criteria hexa-digits

Specifies the access criteria for the service as sent to the ECMG. The value must be a suite of hexadecimal digits.

--channel-id value

Specifies the DVB SimulCrypt ECM_channel_id for the ECMG (default: 1).

-d seconds
--cp-duration seconds

Specifies the crypto-period duration in seconds (default: 10 seconds).

-i value
--ecm-id value

Specifies the DVB SimulCrypt ECM_id for the ECMG (default: 1).

-e host:port
--ecmg host:port

Specify an ECM Generator host name (or IP address) and TCP port.

-v value
--ecmg-scs-version value

Specifies the version of the ECMG⇔SCS DVB SimulCrypt protocol. Valid values are 2 and 3. The default is 2.

--stream-id value

Specifies the DVB SimulCrypt ECM_stream_id for the ECMG (default: 1).

-s value
--super-cas-id value

Specify the DVB SimulCrypt Super_CAS_Id. This is required when --ecmg is specified.

DVB SimulCrypt logging options

--log-data[=level]

Same as --log-protocol but applies to CW_provision and ECM_response messages only.

To debug the session management without being flooded by data messages, use --log-protocol=info --log-data=debug.

--log-protocol[=level]

A level can be a numerical debug level or any of the following: fatal, severe, error, warning, info, verbose, debug.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.19. tshides

List HiDes modulator devices

This utility lists HiDes modulator devices and their characteristics.

Restrictions

This command is available on Linux and Windows only. There is no HiDes device drivers on macOS or BSD systems.

Usage

$ tshides [options]

Options

-a value
--adapter value

Specify the HiDes adapter number to list. By default, list all HiDes devices.

Use --adapter or --device but not both.

-b value
--bandwidth value

Specify the bandwidth in Hz with --gain-range. The default is 8 MHz.

For compatibility with old versions, "low" values (below 1000) are interpreted in MHz. This means that values 8 and 8,000,000 are identical. Both mean 8 MHz.

-c
--count

Only display the number of devices, not their names or characteristics.

-d "name"
--device "name"

Specify the HiDes device name to list. By default, list all HiDes devices.

Use --adapter or --device but not both.

-f value
--frequency value

Frequency, in Hz, of the output carrier with --gain-range. The default is the first UHF channel.

-g
--gain-range

Display the allowed range of output gain for the specified device.

Usually, the allowed range of gain depends on the frequency and the bandwidth. This is why the gain range is not displayed with the other characteristics. Use the options --frequency and --bandwidth to display the corresponding gain range.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.20. tslatencymonitor

Monitor latency between two TS input sources

This utility uses the same input plugins as tsp or tsswitch to monitor the latency between these input sources.

Usage

$ tslatencymonitor [options] \
    -I input-name-1 [input-options] \
    -I input-name-2 [input-options]

Options

-b seconds
--buffer-time seconds

Specify the buffer time of timing data list in seconds. By default, the buffer time is 1 second.

-l
--list-plugins

List all available plugins.

-o filename
--output-file filename

Output file name for CSV reporting (standard error by default).

--output-interval seconds

Specify the time interval between each output in seconds. The default is 1 second.

Asynchronous logging options

This application is multi-threaded. Each thread may log messages at any time. To avoid delaying an application thread, the messages are displayed asynchronously in a low priority thread.

--log-message-count value

-s
--synchronous-log

-t
--timed-log

Each logged message contains a time stamp.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.21. tslsdvb

List DVB, ATSC, ISDB tuner receiver devices

This utility lists the physical tuner receiver devices in the system with their characteristics. Despite the legacy dvb name, all tuner devices are listed, DVB, ISDB or ATSC, terrestrial, satellite or cable.

This command lists physical devices only. It does not list tuner emulators (see section 7.1.4).

Usage

$ tslsdvb [options]

Options

-a N _
--adapter _N

Specify the Nth tuner device in the system, the first index being zero. This option can be used instead of device name.

On Linux systems, this means /dev/dvb/adapterN.

-d "name"
--device-name "name"

Specify the name of the DVB receiver device to use. The syntax of the device name depends on the operating system. See section 7.1.3 for more details on receiver devices naming.

By default, when no device name or adapter is specified, tslsdvb lists all available receiver devices.

-e
--extended-info

Display extended information.

This option comes in addition to --verbose to display extremely verbose information about a device such as the associated DirectShow graph on Windows.

Windows-specific options:

-l
--list-devices

Get a list of all tuner and receiver DirectShow filters, equivalent to --test list-devices.

--receiver-name "name"

Specify the name of the DirectShow receiver filter to use.

By default, first try a direct connection from the tuner filter to the rest of the graph. Then, try all receiver filters and concatenate them all.

This option is used only when a specific device name or adapter number is specified. It is ignored when all devices are listed since distinct tuner filters may need distinct receiver filters.

-t name
--test name

Run a specific DirectShow test. Produce a very verbose output, for debug only. The names of the available tests are listed below.

none

Do not run any test. This is the default.

list-devices

Get a short list of all tuner and receiver DirectShow filters.

enumerate-devices

Enumerate all DirectShow devices which are used with DVB tuners. This test is useful to detect all devices which may not be recognized as valid tuners by TSDuck.

tuning-spaces

List all DirectShow tuning spaces which are installed in the system and their compatibility with the various network providers.

bda-tuners

List all BDA tuners and their compatibility with the various predefined "network provider" filters.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.22. tsp

Transport stream processor

The transport stream processor is a general-purpose packet processing framework.

It receives an MPEG Transport Stream from a user-specified input plugin, applies MPEG packet processing through several user-specified packet processor plugins, and sends the processed stream to a user-specified output plugin.

All input, packet processing, and output plugins are shared libraries (.so files on Linux, .dylib on macOS, .dll on Windows).

The following figure illustrates the structure of a tsp process using three packet processing plugins.

Figure 2. Transport stream processor diagram

This section describes the general syntax and usage of the tsp command. All plugins are documented in detail, in alphabetical order, in chapter 4. The section 5.2 gives a few examples of tsp commands, both simple and complex examples.

Usage

The general syntax of the tsp command is the following:

$ tsp [tsp-options] \
      [-I input-name [input-options]] \
      [-P processor-name [processor-options]] ... \
      [-O output-name [output-options]]

All tsp-options must be placed on the command line before the input, packet processing and output plugin specifications. There must be at most one input and one output plugin. There may be any number of packet processing plugins.

On the command line, the order of the packet processing plugins is significant: the TS packets are passed from one processor to the other in this order. The input and output plugin, however, can be located anywhere on the command line. They are implicitly used as first and last plugin in the chain, respectively.

Offline and real-time defaults

There are two main classes of usage for tsp, offline and real-time processing. Offline processing works on static data such as transport stream files without specific timing constraints. Real-time processing applies to streaming devices such as tuners, Dektec devices or IP streams.

In the tsp command and in many plugins, some command line options affect tuning and performances. Roughly, we have to find a balance between throughput and latency.

To get a higher throughput, we must minimize the data copy and thread context switching operations. This is achieved using larger buffer sizes and letting plugins work on larger amounts of TS packets. This requires less CPU and provides better overall performances. But this also has the side effect of increasing the latency.
To get a lower latency, we must basically do the opposite: work on smaller data chunks, pass data faster (more frequently) from plugin to plugin. The drawback is an increase of CPU requirement.

There is no unique choice. When working on offline files, increasing the throughput and reducing the CPU load is the right choice. But for streaming and real-time processing, reducing the latency is the priority.

To optimize the offline or real-time processing, many tuning options can be adjusted. While fine tuning is sometimes useful, the user mainly needs two sets of default options: offline or real-time.

By default, tsp and all plugins use the offline defaults, the tuning options which give good performances at the expense of a higher latency.

The real-time defaults are used without having to specify all individual options in two cases:

The option -r or --realtime is specified in the tsp command line.
At least one plugin in the chain is designed to work in real-time.

In these two cases, tsp and all plugins use their real-time defaults (unless, of course, options are individually set).

The second condition, "designed to work in real-time", is an intrinsic property of a plugin. Examples of "real-time" plugins include dvb, dektec, ip, play or regulate. These plugins are somehow designed to work on real-time streams. Their simple presence in the tsp command is sufficient to trigger the use of real-time defaults for all plugins. It is still possible to force the use of offline defaults using the tsp option --realtime=off, even if a real-time plugin is present.

Rendering speed and transmission speed

With tsp, a stream has a rendering speed (the speed of the audio / video) and a transmission speed (the speed at which packets go through tsp).

As a general rule, the word bitrate refers to the rendering speed. So, when a plugin inserts data with a "bitrate of 100 kb/s" for instance, this means that the data will be received at this bitrate when the transport stream is played in real time (independently of the file processing speed, if the data insertion was previously performed on an offline file).

It is important to understand the differences between the two. Real-time streams, from broadcast or multicast, have identical transmission and rendering speeds because they are transmitted to watch TV. Files, on the other hand, have a very high transmission speed, typically the I/O speed of the disk, maybe 1 Gb/s or more on SSD.

Some plugins explicitly manipulate the rendering or transmission speed. The plugin pcrbitrate, for instance, is designed to evaluate the rendering speed based on embedded time stamps in the stream. The plugin regulate, on the other hand, is designed to alter the transmission speed.

Let’s review some examples of where these plugins should be used.

Consider that you have recorded a 6 Mb/s single program transport stream, and you want to send it through UDP/IP to a remote media player. Using tsp -I file, you read it and send it to -O ip. The effective reading speed of the file will be 500 M/b for instance. So, on a gigabit network, you send a 6 Mb/s video stream at 1 Gb/s, 166 times faster as it should be. Thus, a 15 minute video is received in 5 seconds and the player displays almost nothing. In this case, you must use the plugin regulate between -I file and -O ip. The plugin acts as a bottleneck and lets packets flow out at 6 Mb/s only.

But, when the source has the same transmission and rendering speeds (DVB tuner, IP source), the plugin regulate is useless. At best, it does nothing. At worst, it introduces undesirable artifacts. There are also cases where the transmission speed regulation is done automatically. If the media player is a local application such as VLC and is started using -O play, tsp communicates with the player through a pipe. A pipe is a self-regulated communication mechanism. So, even if the input is a disk file with a high reading speed, using regulate is not necessary because the same role is played here by the pipe. The difference with the previous example is that UDP/IP is not a regulated communication channel, unlike pipes and TCP/IP.

Bitrate propagation

At any point in the chain, all plugins have some knowledge of the transport stream bitrate or rendering speed. Some plugins use that bitrate information, some others don’t. The plugin regulate is a typical example. It uses the rendering speed as information to lower the transmission speed. As a general rule, tsp collects the input bitrate, either from the input plugin itself which extracts the bitrate from a hardware input device (this is the case for ASI cards for instance) or, if the input plugin is not able to report a bitrate, tsp automatically analyzes PCR’s at the output of the input plugin and computes the corresponding bitrate.

Then, the bitrate is transmitted from plugin to plugin.

Some plugins may inadvertently propagate incorrect bitrates while some plugins may force a (correct) recomputation of the bitrate. To illustrate the first case, consider -I file … -P zap … using sample bitrate values. You read a complete 36 Mb/s input file and tsp evaluates this bitrate. Then, -P zap extracts a 4 Mb/s service and removes everything else. But it does not recompute the transport stream bitrate. So, the propagated bitrate information is still 36 Mb/s. If this information is not used downstream in other plugins, we don’t care. But if we use the bitrate information in -P regulate -O ip for instance, we will regulate at 36 Mb/s a stream which should be played at 4 Mb/s. This is why, in specific situations like this, we need to recompute the bitrate using -P pcrbitrate before -P regulate.

Input timestamps

For each input packet, an input timestamp is collected. When the source can provide its own timestamps (RTP, SRT, M2TS file), this value is used. Otherwise, tsp uses the system time after the input plugin returns a bulk of packets. When an input plugin is able to generate its own input timestamps, its documentation describes how this is accomplished.

The input timestamps are propagated all along the chain of plugins. Some plugins may use them. For instance:

The plugin pcrverify can use them as time reference.
The output plugin file uses them to create files in M2TS format.

Modifying, inserting and deleting packets

In the complete chain of processing, between the input and the output plugin, each TS packet goes through all packet processing plugins, one after the other, in the order of the command line.

In fact, a TS packet never moves. It is loaded in a large circular buffer and stays there. Each plugin uses a sliding window over the circular buffer and inspects or modifies packets without moving them.

A packet processing plugin may read, modify or delete existing packets. But it cannot add new packets.

Roughly, each packet processing plugin has one of the following functions (or sometimes a combination of them):

Analysis (read packets).
Modification (modify existing packets).
Removal (delete packets from the stream).
Data injection (add new packets).

The last case cannot be directly implemented. To achieve data injection, a plugin usually steals stuffing. Each time a new TS packet needs to be injected, a plugin waits for the next null packet (i.e. a packet in PID 0x1FFF) and replaces this null packet with the new packet to insert.

Consequently, the original amount of stuffing and its distribution in a stream directly influences the insertion profile of new packets. Specifically, it is not possible to add more data than the stuffing bitrate. Moreover, precise timing cannot be always achieved. When data need to be inserted at a given bitrate, the plugin tries to reach this average bitrate (provided that there is enough stuffing) but cannot guarantee a precise constant inter-packet distance.

In broadcast streams, where the modulation parameters impose a fixed bitrate, there is always some stuffing. With variable bitrate, simple-program transport streams for IP, there can be no stuffing at all.

What are the options when the original amount of stuffing is not sufficient to insert the required data? It depends on the requirements on the stream.

If the stream is targeted for broadcast, with a given target bitrate which cannot be changed, there is no other solution than removing existing data to make room for the new data. Some plugins such as filter or svremove delete individual PID’s or complete services. By default, the deleted packets are simply removed from the stream. But these plugins also have a --stuffing option which replaces deleted packets by stuffing instead of removing them. Thus, you can increase the stuffing bitrate without altering the global transport stream bitrate.

If there is no requirement on the global bitrate, it is possible to insert artificial stuffing at input level using the global tsp option --add-input-stuffing. The option adds a given number of null packets after a given number of input packets (for instance, add 1 null packet every 15 input packets). The parameters influence the amount and distribution of the artificial stuffing. Do not be afraid of inserting too much stuffing. It is always possible to remove the stuffing in excess using -P filter -n -p 0x1FFF at the end of the chain, after all injection plugins.

Merging and forking

As indicated above, tsp processes one single transport stream. However, specific plugins such as merge and fork respectively combine and duplicate transport streams. They are designed to route transport streams from and to other applications. When the "other" application is another instance of tsp, we can create complex processing graphs.

This is illustrated in the diagram below.

Figure 3. Merging and forking transport streams

Joint termination

Some plugins have termination conditions.

For instance, the plugin until passes packets until some specified condition. The plugins mux and inject may terminate tsp after completing the data insertion, etc.

Therefore, a plugin can decide to terminate tsp on its own. The termination is unconditional, regardless of the state of the other plugins. Thus, if several plugins have termination conditions, tsp stops when the first plugin decides to terminate. In other words, there is an or operator between the various termination conditions.

The idea behind joint termination is to terminate tsp when several plugins have jointly terminated their processing.

If several plugins have a joint termination condition (usually using the option --joint-termination), tsp stops when the last plugin triggers the joint termination condition. In other words, there is an and operator between the various joint termination conditions.

Additionally, the tsp option --ignore-joint-termination disables this behavior. When this options is used, all plugins continue to pass packets as if some additional joint termination condition was still pending.

Packet labelling

Transport streams packets may receive one or more label from any packet processing plugin. A label is an integer value from 0 to 31, inclusive. A label remains attached to the packet all along the chain, from plugin to plugin. Later, it is possible to select packets with a label value or invoke a specific plugin only on packets having a given label.

The plugin filter has an option named --set-label to assign a label to the selected packets. Note that, with this option, the plugin filter does not drop unselected packets; it keeps all packets but assigns the specified label to the selected packets.

All packet processing plugins accept the option --only-label which selects only the packets with a given label. Thus, only the packets with that label pass through the plugin. All other packets, without that label, are directly passed to the next plugin in the chain.

The following example illustrates the usage of labels. The first three plugins select different kinds of packets and assign a label value depending on the kind of packet. These filter plugins do not drop any packet, they just assign labels to some of them. Later, three other plugins are applied only to one of these labels. In this example, we consequently count packets with unit start indicator and scrambling control value 2 and 3, respectively.

$ tsp -I ... \
      -P filter --unit-start --set-label 2 \
      -P filter --scrambling 2 --set-label 10 \
      -P filter --scrambling 3 --set-label 11 \
      -P count --only-label 2 --total --tag unit \
      -P count --only-label 10 --total --tag scr2 \
      -P count --only-label 11 --total --tag scr3 \
      -O ...

* count: unit: total: counted 5,311 packets out of 5,311
* count: scr2: total: counted 8,378 packets out of 8,378
* count: scr3: total: counted 7,439 packets out of 7,439

Global tsp options

These options apply to the execution of the tsp framework. They must be placed on the command line before any plugin specification.

-a nullpkt/inpkt
--add-input-stuffing nullpkt/inpkt

Specify that nullpkt null TS packets must be automatically inserted after every inpkt input TS packets. Both nullpkt and inpkt must be non-zero integer values. This option is useful to artificially increase the input bitrate by adding stuffing.

Example: the option -a 14/24 adds 14 null packets every 24 input packets, effectively turning a 24 Mb/s input stream (terrestrial) into a 38 Mb/s stream (satellite).

--add-start-stuffing count

Specify that count null TS packets must be automatically inserted at the start of the processing, before the first packet coming from the input plugin.

--add-stop-stuffing count

Specify that count null TS packets must be automatically inserted at the end of the processing, after the last packet coming from the input plugin.

-b value
--bitrate value

Specify the transport stream input bitrate, in bits/seconds. By default, the input bitrate is provided by the input plugin or by analysis of the PCR’s at the beginning of the input stream. If no or not enough PCR are found, the DTS from video PID’s are used.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

Use option --bitrate when you know precisely the input bitrate and you do not trust the input device, the PCR’s or the DTS.

See also the plugin pcrbitrate for permanent recomputation of the bitrate based on PCR’s or DTS.

--bitrate-adjust-interval value

Specify the interval in seconds between bitrate adjustments, ie. when the output bitrate is adjusted to the input one. The default is 5 seconds. Some output processors ignore this setting. Typically, ASI or modulator devices use it, while file devices ignore it. This option is ignored if --bitrate is specified.

--buffer-size-mb value

Specify the global buffer size in mega-bytes. This is the size of the buffer between the input and output devices. The default is 16 MB. Increasing the buffer size may improve the performance at the expense of increasing the overall latency (implicit time-shifting).

The value (in mega-bytes) can be decimal, for instance --buffer-size-mb 0.5, but note that there is no good reason to decrease the buffer size below 1 MB.

See also the options --max-input-packets and --max-flushed-packets to adjust the latency without modifying the global buffer size.

--final-wait milliseconds

Wait the specified number of milliseconds after the last input packet. Zero means wait forever.

-i
--ignore-joint-termination

Ignore all --joint-termination options in plugins. The plugins continue to pass packets as if some additional joint termination condition was still pending.

See the description of joint termination above for more details.

--initial-input-packets value

Specify the number of packets to initially read in the buffer before starting the processing.

The initial load is used to evaluate the bitrate so that all subsequent plugins can have a valid global bitrate value from the beginning. It is also used to make sure that the global buffer is optimally used.

The default initial load is half the size of the global buffer. For offline files and real-time devices with a sustained bitrate, it is a good idea to keep the default value.

The side effect of waiting for a significant amount of initial packets before starting the processing is that, with very low bitrates, tsp seems to do nothing until the global buffer is half full. The option --initial-input-packets is used to adjust this effect when necessary.

The downside of using a lower initial buffer load is that some plugins may not be able to use a valid bitrate for the initial part of the stream. Another downside is that the usage of the global buffer will probably be suboptimal and may even starve, creating output glitches, depending on the processing time of the intermediate plugins.

-l
--list-plugins

List all available plugins.

--log-plugin-index

In log messages, add the plugin index to the plugin name. This can be useful if the same plugin is used several times and all instances log many messages.

--max-flushed-packets value

Specify the maximum number of packets to be processed before flushing them to the next plugin or the output. When the processing time is high and some packets are lost, try decreasing this value.

The offline default is 10,000 packets. The real-time default is 1,000 packets.

--max-input-packets value

Specify the maximum number of packets to be received at a time from the input plugin.

By default, in offline mode, tsp reads as many packets as it can, depending on the free space in the buffer. The real-time default is 1,000 packets.

--max-output-packets value

Specify the maximum number of packets to be sent at a time by the output plugin.

By default, tsp sends as many packets as available. This option is useful only when an output plugin or a specific output device has problems with large output requests. This option forces multiple smaller send operations.

-r[keyword]
--realtime[=keyword]

Specifies if tsp and all plugins should use default values for real-time or offline processing.

By default, if any plugin prefers real-time, the real-time defaults are used. If no plugin prefers real-time, the offline default are used.

If -r or --realtime is used alone, the real-time defaults are enforced. The explicit values no, false, off are used to enforce the offline defaults and the explicit values yes, true, on are used to enforce the real-time defaults.

--receive-timeout milliseconds

Specify a timeout in milliseconds for all input operations.

Equivalent to the same --receive-timeout option in some input plugins. In practice, when an input plugin natively supports a receive timeout, this global parameter is passed to the plugin. Otherwise, tsp handles the receive timeout and tries to abort the stalled input operation in case of timeout.

By default, there is no input timeout.

Control commands options

It is possible to send commands to a running tsp process using the command tspcontrol. See the documentation of this command for more details on control commands. The following options control how these control commands are received.

--control-local address

With --control-port, specify the IP address of the local interface on which to listen for control commands. It can be also a host name that translates to a local address. By default, listen on all local interfaces.

--control-port value

Specify the TCP port on which tsp listens for control commands. If unspecified, no control commands are expected.

--control-reuse-port

With --control-port, set the reuse port socket option on the control TCP server port.

This option is not enabled by default to avoid accidentally running two identical tsp commands with the same control port.

--control-source address

With --control-port, specify a remote IP address which is allowed to send control commands.

By default, as a security precaution, only the local host is allowed to connect.

Several --control-source options are allowed.

--control-timeout milliseconds

With --control-port, specify the reception timeout in milliseconds for control commands. The default timeout is 5000 ms.

Monitoring options

-m[filename]
--monitor[=filename]

Continuously monitor the system resources which are used by the application process. This includes CPU load, virtual memory usage. Useful to verify the stability of the application or benchmarking the packet processing performance.

The optional file is an XML monitoring configuration file. See section C.2, for more details on resource monitoring configuration files.

Asynchronous logging options

This application is multi-threaded. Each thread may log messages at any time. To avoid delaying an application thread, the messages are displayed asynchronously in a low priority thread.

--log-message-count value

-s
--synchronous-log

-t
--timed-log

Each logged message contains a time stamp.

Default values for plugins options

The following options are commonly found in many different plugins. They typically influence the way the signalization is interpreted or generated.

These options can also be specified at tsp level, before specifying any plugin. They have have no effect on the tsp framework. They are only passed as initial default values for all plugins which accept the equivalent options. Explicit options at plugin level take precedence over these global defaults.

--abnt

Assume that the transport stream is an ISDB one with ABNT-defined variants. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--atsc

Assume that the transport stream is an ATSC one. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--brazil

A synonym for --isdb --abnt --default-charset RAW-ISO-8859-15 --hf-band-region brazil --time-reference UTC-3 . This is a handy shortcut when working on South American ISDB-Tb transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--conax

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from Conax. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x0B00.

--default-cas-id value

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from the specified CA_System_Id.

By default, EMM’s and ECM’s are interpreted according to the CA_descriptor which references their PID. This option is useful when analyzing partial transport streams without CAT or PMT to correctly identify the CA PID’s.

--default-charset name

Default character set to use when interpreting strings from tables and descriptors. By default, the standard DVB encoding is used. See section 2.5 for more details.

--default-pds value

Default DVB-defined private data specifier (PDS). See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--default-registration value

Default MPEG-defined registration id (also known as format identifier). Several options --default-registration options can be specified. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--dvb

Assume that the transport stream is a DVB one. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--europe

A synonym for --dvb --default-charset ISO-8859-15. . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--hf-band-region name

Specify the region for UHF/VHF band frequency layout. The default region is europe. Another default region may be specified per user in the TSDuck configuration file. See section A.4 for more details.

--ignore-leap-seconds

Do not explicitly include leap seconds in some UTC computations. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--irdeto

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from Irdeto. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x0600.

--isdb

--japan

A synonym for --isdb --default-charset ARIB-STD-B24 --hf-band-region japan --time-reference JST . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--mediaguard

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from MediaGuard. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x0100.

--nagravision

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from NagraVision. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x1800.

--nds

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from Synamedia (formerly known as NDS). Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x0900.

--philippines

A synonym for --isdb --abnt --default-charset RAW-UTF-8 --hf-band-region philippines --time-reference UTC+8 . This is a handy shortcut when working on Philippines transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--safeaccess

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from SafeAccess. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x4ADC.

--time-reference name

Use a non-standard time reference in DVB or ISDB-defined SI. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--usa

A synonym for --atsc --hf-band-region usa . This is a handy shortcut when working on North American transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--viaccess

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from Viaccess. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x0500.

--widevine

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from Widevine CAS. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x4AD4.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

Plugin activation options

-I name

Designate the shared library plugin for packet input. By default, read packets from standard input.

-O name

Designate the shared library plugin for packet output. By default, write packets to standard output.

-P name

Designate a shared library plugin for packet processing. Several packet processors are allowed. Each packet is successively processed by each processor, in the order of the command line. By default, there is no processor and the packets are directly passed from the input to the output.

The specified plugin name is used to locate a shared library for the plugin (.so file on Linux, .dylib on macOS, .dll on Windows). On Windows, usually, all plugins files are in the same directory as the tsp executable. More generally, a plugin can be designated in a number of ways, in the following order. When a method fails, the next one is attempted.

If the plugin name is a complete path name, with a directory, this path name is used.
Without directory in the plugin name, a list of directories is searched:
- If the environment TSPLUGINS_PATH is defined, a list of directories is parsed. Directories are separated by a semicolon ; on Windows and a colon : on UNIX systems (Linux, macOS, BSD).
- The same directory as the tsp executable file is used as last choice.
- In each of these directories, the file named tsplugin_name.so or .dylib or .dll is searched.
- If not found, the file name and then name.so or .dylib or .dll is searched.
If still not found, the standard algorithm of the operating system is applied to locate the shared library file, using the specified name (on Linux, see the man page of dlopen(3) for more details).

The input-options, processor-options and output-options, as specified in the general syntax of the tsp command, are specific to their corresponding plugin. All available plugins are documented in chapter 4.

Common plugin options

All plugins accept the following common options:

--help

The plugin displays its syntax and exits.

This means that the following type of command can be used to display the help text for a specific plugin:

$ tsp {-I|-O|-P} name --help

3.23. tspacketize

Packetize PSI/SI tables in a transport stream PID

This utility packetizes PSI/SI tables in a transport stream PID.

Usage

$ tspacketize [options] [input-file[=rate] ...]

Parameters

input-file[=rate]

Binary, XML or JSON files containing one or more sections or tables. By default, files with a name ending in .bin, .xml or .json are automatically recognized. For other file names, explicitly specify --binary or --xml or --json.

If the file name is omitted, the standard input is used (binary by default, specify --xml or --json otherwise).

The reference source format is XML. JSON files are first translated to XML using the "automated XML-to-JSON conversion" rules of TSDuck (see section 2.7.3) and then compiled to binary.

If different repetition rates are required for different files, a parameter can be filename=value where value is the repetition rate in milliseconds for all sections in that file. For repetition rates to be effective, the bitrate of the target PID must be specified, see option --bitrate.

If an input file name starts with <?xml, it is considered as inline XML content. Similarly, if an input file name starts with { or [, it is considered as inline JSON content. In these two cases, it is not possible to specify a specific repetition rate for this XML or JSON content.

Options

--binary

Specify that all input files are binary, regardless of their file name.

-b value
--bitrate value

Specifies the bitrate (in bits/second) of the target PID.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

This information is used to schedule sections in the output list of packets when specific bitrates are specified for sections. When no specific bitrate is specified for any input file, this option is ignored.

-c
--continuous

Continuous packetization. By default, generate one cycle of sections.

-f
--force-crc

Force recomputation of CRC32 in long sections. Ignore the CRC32 values in the input files. By default, the CRC32 of every section is verified and sections with wrong CRC32 are rejected.

-j
--json

Specify that all input files are JSON, regardless of their file name.

-o file-name
--output file-name

Output file name for TS packets. By default, use standard output.

-p value
--pid value

PID of the output TS packets. This is a required parameter, there is no default value.

-s
--stuffing

Insert stuffing at end of each section, up to the next TS packet boundary. By default, sections are packed and start in the middle of a TS packet, after the previous section. Note, however, that section headers are never scattered over a packet boundary.

-x
--xml

Specify that all input files are XML, regardless of their file name.

Sections files options

These options affect the way sections are loaded from binary, XML or JSON files. They are used in commands tspacketize, tstabcomp, and plugin inject.

--eit-actual

With --eit-normalization, generate all EIT Actual. Same as --eit-actual-pf --eit-actual-schedule.

--eit-actual-pf

With --eit-normalization, generate EIT p/f Actual. If no EIT selection option is specified, all EIT’s are generated.

--eit-actual-schedule

With --eit-normalization, generate EIT Schedule Actual. If no EIT selection option is specified, all EIT’s are generated.

--eit-base-date date

With --eit-normalization, use the specified date as reference for the allocation of the various EIT events in sections and segments.

The date must be in the format "YYYY/MM/DD [hh:mm:ss]". If only the date is present, it is used as base for the allocation of EIT schedule. If the time is also specified, it is the current time for the snapshot of EIT p/f. By default, use the oldest date in all EIT sections as base date.

--eit-normalization

Reorganize all EIT sections according to the rules from [ETSI-101-211].

EIT present/following: One single EIT p/f subtable is built per service. It is split in two sections, one for present and one for following events.
EIT schedule: All EIT schedule are kept but they are completely reorganized. All events are extracted and spread over new EIT sections according to ETSI TS 101 211 rules.

If several files are specified, the reorganization of EIT’s is performed inside each file independently. This is fine as long as all EIT’s for a given service are in the same input file.

3.24. tspcap

Analyze pcap and pcap-ng files

This simple utility provides a summary of the content of pcap and pcap-ng files. These files contain network packets, typically captured and saved by Wireshark.

The tspcap utility is not meant to replace Wireshark. It only computes global analysis data which are not otherwise available in Wireshark, for instance the data bitrate over a range of packets in the file.

Wireshark is typically used to investigate issues on a network capture. Then, if some specific global analysis is required, use tspcap.

See some usage examples in section 5.1.10.

Usage

$ tspcap [options] [input-file]

Parameters

input-file

Input file in pcap or pcap-ng format, typically as saved by Wireshark.

Use the standard input if no file name is specified.

Options

-d [address][:port]
--destination [address][:port]

Filter IP packets based on the specified destination socket address. The optional port number is used for TCP and UDP packets only. If the address part is omitted, all TCP or UDP packets with any destination address but with that destination port number are used.

--dvb-simulcrypt

Dump the content of a session as DVB SimulCrypt protocol.

Without --udp, the first TCP session matching the --source and --destination options is selected. The content of the session is interpreted as one of the TLV-based DVB SimulCrypt protocols and all messages are formatted.

With --udp, all packets matching the --source and --destination options are interpreted as EMMG/PDG⇔MUX protocol (this is the only DVB SimulCrypt protocol which is based on UDP).

-e
--extract-tcp-stream

Extract the content of a TCP session as hexadecimal dump.

The two directions of the TCP session are dumped.

The first TCP session matching the --source and --destination options is selected.

-i micro-seconds
--interval micro-seconds

Print a summary of exchanged data by intervals of times in micro-seconds.

By default, print a summary of the file content.

-l
--list-streams

List all data streams in the file. A data streams is made of all packets from one source to one destination using one protocol.

By default, print a summary of the file content.

--no-pager

Do not send output through a pager process. By default, if the output device is a terminal, the output is paged. See section 3.1.4 for more details.

--others

Filter packets from "other" protocols, i.e. neither TCP nor UDP.

-o file-name
--output-tcp-stream file-name

Extract the content of a TCP session and save it in the specified binary file.

The first TCP session matching the --source and --destination options is selected.

Unlike --extract-tcp-stream, only one side of the TCP session is saved, from --source to --destination.

If the file name is "-", the standard output is used.

-s [address][:port]
--source [address][:port]

Filter IP packets based on the specified source socket address.

The optional port number is used for TCP and UDP packets only. If the address part is omitted, all TCP or UDP packets with any source address but with that source port number are used.

-t
--tcp

Filter TCP packets.

-u
--udp

Filter UDP packets.

Packet filtering options

--first-date date-time

Filter packets starting at the specified date. Use format YYYY/MM/DD:hh:mm:ss.mmm.

--first-packet value

Filter packets starting at the specified number.

The packet numbering counts all captured packets from the beginning of the file, starting at 1. This is the same value as seen on Wireshark in the leftmost column.

--first-timestamp micro-seconds

Filter packets starting at the specified timestamp in micro-seconds from the beginning of the capture. This is the same value as seen on Wireshark in the "Time" column (in seconds).

--last-date date-time

Filter packets up to the specified date. Use format YYYY/MM/DD:hh:mm:ss.mmm.

--last-packet value

Filter packets up to the specified number.

The packet numbering counts all captured packets from the beginning of the file, starting at 1. This is the same value as seen on Wireshark in the leftmost column.

--last-timestamp micro-seconds

Filter packets up to the specified timestamp in micro-seconds from the beginning of the capture. This is the same value as seen on Wireshark in the "Time" column (in seconds).

--vlan-id value

Filter packets from the specified VLAN id.

This option can be specified multiple times. In that case, the values define the required nested VLAN ids, from the outer to inner VLAN. If the stream contains even more inner VLAN’s, they are all selected.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.25. tspcontrol

Send control commands to a running tsp process

This utility controls the execution of a running tsp process. The target tsp command shall listen to control commands using the option --control-port (see the documentation of tsp).

Usage

$ tspcontrol [options] command ...

Parameters

command …

The control command to send to the target tsp process. See the list of control commands below.

Note that everything after the control command name is considered as options and parameters of this control command. The options of tspcontrol must be placed before the control command name.

Options

-t [address:]port
--tsp [address:]port

Specify the IP address (or host name) and port where the target tsp process expects control commands (tsp option --control-port). If the IP address is omitted, the local host is used.

This is a required parameter, there is no default.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

List of control commands

exit

Terminate the tsp process.

Usage:

tspcontrol exit [options]

--abort

Specify to immediately abort the tsp process. By default, this command notifies each plugin to terminate and let the processing continue until the process naturally exits.

list

List all running plugins. The listed plugin indexes can be used with other control commands such as suspend, resume or restart.

Usage:

tspcontrol list [options]

-v --verbose

Produce verbose output.

restart

Restart a plugin with different parameters.

Usage:

tspcontrol restart [options] index [plugin-options …]

Parameters:

Index of the plugin to restart, followed by the new plugin parameters to use.

-s --same

Restart the plugin with the same options and parameters as the current ones. By default, when no plugin options are specified, restart with no option at all.

-v --verbose

Produce verbose output.

resume

Resume a suspended plugin.

Usage:

tspcontrol resume [options] index

Parameter:

Index of the plugin to resume.

-v --verbose

Produce verbose output.

set-log

Change the log level in the tsp process.

Usage:

tspcontrol set-log level

Parameter:

Specify a new logging level for the tsp process. It can be one of fatal, severe, error, warning, info, verbose, debug or a positive value for higher debug levels.

suspend

Suspend a plugin. When a packet processing plugin is suspended, the TS packets are directly passed from the previous to the next plugin, without going through the suspended one. When the output plugin is suspended, the output packets are dropped. The input plugin cannot be suspended.

Usage:

tspcontrol suspend [options] index

Parameters:

Index of the plugin to suspend.

-v --verbose

Produce verbose output.

3.26. tspsi

Dump all PSI tables

This utility extracts all PSI tables (PAT, CAT, PMT, NIT, BAT, SDT ) from a transport stream. The output is rather primitive, but it exactly exhibits the structure of tables, sections and descriptors.

Usage

$ tspsi [options] [input-file]

Input file

MPEG transport stream, either a capture file or a pipe from a live stream (see option --format for binary formats).

If the parameter is omitted, is an empty string or a dash (-), the standard input is used.

General options

--format name

Specify the format of the input transport stream. See section 2.1.2 for more details.

--no-pager

Do not send output through a pager process. By default, if the output device is a terminal, the output is paged. See section 3.1.4 for more details.

PSI selection and logging options

-a
--all-versions

Display all versions of PSI tables (need to read the complete transport stream). By default, display only the first version of each PSI table and stop when all expected PSI are extracted.

--cat-only

Display only the CAT, ignore other PSI tables.

--clear

Indicate that this is a clear transport stream, without conditional access information. Useful to avoid further reading the transport stream, waiting for a non-existent CAT.

-d
--dump

Dump all PSI sections.

--exclude-current

Exclude PSI tables with "current" indicator. This is rarely necessary. See also --include-next.

--include-next

Include PSI tables with "next" indicator. By default, they are excluded.

-j file-name
--json-output file-name

Save the tables in JSON format in the specified file. To output the JSON text on the standard output, explicitly specify this option with - as output file name.

The tables are initially formatted as XML and an automated XML-to-JSON conversion is applied. See section 2.7.3 for more details on XML-to-JSON conversion.

--log-json-line[='prefix']

Log each table as one single JSON line in the message logger instead of an output file.

Each table is initially formatted as XML and an automated XML-to-JSON conversion is applied. See section 2.7.3 for more details on XML-to-JSON conversion.

The optional string parameter specifies a prefix to prepend on the log line, before the JSON text, to facilitate the filtering of the appropriate line in the logs.

--log-xml-line[='prefix']

Log each table as one single XML line in the message logger instead of an output file.

The optional string parameter specifies a prefix to prepend on the log line, before the XML text, to facilitate the filtering of the appropriate line in the logs.

-o file-name
--output-file file-name
--text-output file-name

Save the tables or sections in human-readable text format in the specified file name. By default, when no output option is specified, text is produced on the standard output.

If you need text formatting on the standard output in addition to other output such as XML, explicitly specify this option with - as output file name.

-x file-name
--xml-output file-name

Save the tables in XML format in the specified file. To output the XML text on the standard output, explicitly specify this option with - as output file name.

XML output options

The following options affect details in the generation of XML files.

--strict-xml

Save XML documents in strictly conformant XML format. By default, do not escape characters when this is not syntactically necessary to make the XML text more human-readable.

--x2j-collapse-text
--x2j-enforce-boolean
--x2j-enforce-integer
--x2j-include-root
--x2j-trim-text

Specific options for automated XML-to-JSON conversion. See section 2.7.3.2 for more details.

Sections display format options

These options affect the way individual sections are displayed.

-c
--c-style

Same as --raw-dump (no interpretation of section) but dump the bytes in C-language style, e.g. "0x01, 0x02," instead of "01 02". Useful to include this output as data in a C source file.

--nested-tlv[=min-size]

With option --tlv, try to interpret the value field of each TLV record as another TLV area. If the min-size value is specified, the nested TLV interpretation is performed only on value fields larger than this size. The syntax of the nested TLV is the same as the enclosing TLV.

-r
--raw-dump

Raw dump of section, no interpretation.

--tlv syntax

For sections of unknown types, this option specifies how to interpret some parts of the section payload as TLV records. Several --tlv options are allowed, each one describes a part of the section payload.

Each syntax string has the form start,size,tagSize,lengthSize,order. The start and size fields define the offset and size of the TLV area in the section payload. If the size field is auto, the TLV extends up to the end of the section. If the start field is auto, the longest TLV area in the section payload will be used. The fields tagSize and lengthSize indicate the size in bytes of the Tag and Length fields in the TLV structure. The field order must be either msb or lsb and indicates the byte order of the Tag and Length fields.

All fields are optional. The default values are auto,auto,1,1,msb.

Interpretation of the transport stream content

These options controls the peculiarities of local Digital TV standards and how they are used.

--abnt

Assume that the transport stream is an ISDB one with ABNT-defined variants. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--atsc

Assume that the transport stream is an ATSC one. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--brazil

--conax

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from Conax. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x0B00.

--default-cas-id value

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from the specified CA_System_Id.

--default-charset name

Default character set to use when interpreting strings from tables and descriptors. By default, the standard DVB encoding is used. See section 2.5 for more details.

--default-pds value

Default DVB-defined private data specifier (PDS). See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--default-registration value

Default MPEG-defined registration id (also known as format identifier). Several options --default-registration options can be specified. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--dvb

Assume that the transport stream is a DVB one. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--europe

A synonym for --dvb --default-charset ISO-8859-15. . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--ignore-leap-seconds

Do not explicitly include leap seconds in some UTC computations. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--irdeto

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from Irdeto. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x0600.

--isdb

--japan

A synonym for --isdb --default-charset ARIB-STD-B24 --time-reference JST . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--mediaguard

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from MediaGuard. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x0100.

--nagravision

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from NagraVision. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x1800.

--nds

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from Synamedia (formerly known as NDS). Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x0900.

--philippines

--safeaccess

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from SafeAccess. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x4ADC.

--time-reference name

Use a non-standard time reference in DVB or ISDB-defined SI. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--usa

A synonym for --atsc . This is a handy shortcut when working on North American transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--viaccess

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from Viaccess. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x0500.

--widevine

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from Widevine CAS. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x4AD4.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.27. tsresync

Resynchronize corrupted transport stream files

This utility resynchronizes a corrupted transport stream file.

Usage

$ tsresync [options] [input-file]

Parameter

input-file

MPEG transport stream, either a capture file or a pipe from a live stream. Must be a binary stream of transport stream packets, with various encapsulation or possible corruptions.

If the parameter is omitted, is an empty string or a dash (-), the standard input is used.

Options

-c
--continue

Continue re-resynchronizing after loss of synchronization. By default, stop after first packet not starting with 0x47.

-h value
--header-size value

When used with --packet-size, specifies the size of extra data preceeding each packet in the input file. The default is zero.

-k
--keep

Keep TS packet size from input to output file. By default, strip extra data and reduce packets to 188 bytes. See option --packet-size for a description of supported input packet sizes.

-m value
--min-contiguous value

Minimum size containing contiguous valid packets to consider a slice of input file as containing actual packets (default: 512 kB).

-o file-name
--output file-name

Output file name (standard output by default).

-p value
--packet-size value

Expected TS packet size in bytes. By default, try:

188-byte (standard)
204-byte (trailing 16-byte Reed-Solomon outer FEC)
192-byte (leading 4-byte timestamp in M2TS/Blu-ray disc files).

If the input file contains any other type of packet encapsulation, use options --packet-size and --header-size.

-s value
--sync-size value

Number of initial bytes to analyze to find start of packet synchronization (default: 1 MB).

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.28. tsscan

Digital TV network scanning of frequencies and services

This utility scans frequencies, transport streams and services in a DTV network.

There are two types of scanning:

NIT-based scanning: Modulation parameters must be given. In a first phase, the specified "reference" transport stream is acquired, its NIT is read and all transport stream descriptions (with their delivery system descriptors) are interpreted. In a second phase, all these transport streams are acquired to check their content.
Blind band scanning: This method applies to UHF and VHF bands only, for terrestrial DTV networks. All predefined channels in the selected band in the selected region or country are scanned one by one.

Usage

$ tsscan [options]

Scanning method selection

-n
--nit-scan

Perform a NIT-based scanning.

Tuning parameters for a reference transport stream must be present (frequency or channel reference). The NIT is read on the specified frequency and a full scan of the corresponding network is performed.

-u
--uhf-band

Perform a complete UHF-band scanning (DVB-T, ISDB-T or ATSC).

Use the predefined UHF frequency layout of the specified region (see option --hf-band-region).

By default, scan the center frequency of each channel only. Use option --use-offsets to scan all predefined offsets in each channel.

-v
--vhf-band

Perform a complete VHF-band scanning.

3.29. tssmartcard

Smartcard utility

This utility lists or resets the smart-card readers in the system.

Usage

$ tssmartcard [options] [reader-name]

Parameters

reader-name

The optional reader-name parameter indicates the smart-card reader device name to list or reset.

By default, without any option or parameter, the command lists all smart-card reader devices in the system.

Options

-a hexa-data
--apdu hexa-data

Send an APDU to the smartcard. The APDU shall be specified using an even number of hexadecimal digits. In verbose mode, the APDU, the status word and the response are displayed.

Several --apdu options can be specified. All APDU’s are sent in sequence.

-c
--cold-reset

Perform a cold reset on the smart-card.

--continue-on-error

With --apdu, continue sending next APDU’s after a PC/SC error.

By default, stop when an APDU triggered an error.

-e
--eject

Eject the smart-card (if supported by the reader device).

-t value
--timeout value

Timeout in milliseconds. The default is 1000 ms (1 second).

-w
--warm-reset

Perform a warm reset on the smart-card.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.30. tsstuff

Add stuffing to a TS file to reach a target bitrate

This utility adds stuffing packets to a TS file to reach a target bitrate. Time stamps (PCR or DTS) are extracted from one reference PID in the input file and stuffing packets are added so that the time stamps are approximately synchronized with the TS target bitrate.

Usage

$ tsstuff [options] [input-file]

Parameters

input-file

The input file is a TS file, typically with variable bitrate content.

If the parameter is omitted, is an empty string or a dash (-), the standard input is used.

Options

-b value
--bitrate value

Target constant bitrate of the output file.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

This is mandatory parameter, there is no default.

--buffer-size value

Input buffer size, in bytes. Must be large enough to always contain two time stamps in the reference PID. The default is 4,194,304 bytes (4 MB).

-d
--dts-based

Use Decoding Time Stamps (DTS) in the reference PID to evaluate the amount of stuffing to insert. The default is to use Program Clock References (PCR) instead of DTS.

-f value
--final-inter-packet value

Number of stuffing packets to add between input packets after the last time stamp (PCR or DTS). By default, use the same number as in the previous segment, between the last two time stamps.

-i value
--initial-inter-packet value

Number of stuffing packets to add between input packets before the first time stamp (PCR or DTS). By default, use the same number as in the first segment, between the first two time stamps.

--input-format name

Specify the format of the input transport stream file. See section 2.1.2 for more details.

-l value
--leading-packets value

Number of consecutive stuffing packets to add at the beginning of the output file, before the first input packet. The default is zero.

-m milliseconds
--min-interval milliseconds

Minimum interval, in milli-seconds, between two recomputations of the amount of stuffing to insert. This duration is based on timestamps, not real time. The default is 100 ms.

-o filename
--output-file filename

Output file name (standard output by default). The output file is a TS file with the same packets as the input file with interspersed stuffing packets and a constant bitrate.

--output-format name

Specify the format of the output file. See section 2.1.2 for more details. By default, the format is a standard TS file.

-r value
--reference-pid value

PID in which to collect time stamps (PCR or DTS) to use as reference for the insertion of stuffing packets. By default, use the first PID containing the specified type of time stamps (PCR or DTS).

-t value
--trailing-packets value

Number of consecutive stuffing packets to add at the end of the output file, after the last input packet. The default is zero.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.31. tsswitch

Transport stream input source switch using remote control

This utility uses several transport stream inputs and one single output. One input is selected and passed to the output. Using either predefined policies or remote control, it is possible to switch back and forth between inputs.

All inputs and output are performed using external plugins. These plugins are the same as the plugins which are used by tsp.

Using the input plugins file or fork, it is possible to connect applications to some tsswitch input. One of these applications can be tsp, in which case it is possible to insert specific processing between the input plugin and the switch.

See a sample usage with a system diagram in section 5.1.7.

Cycling through input plugins

The list of input plugins is ordered by index on the command line, from 0 to n-1. By default, the input plugin 0 is started when the command starts. When a plugin terminates (end of input or error), the next one is started. When the last plugin terminates, the tsswitch command terminates.

Running all input plugins in sequence, from 0 to n-1, is called a cycle. By default, only one cycle is executed before tsswitch terminates. Using the option --cycle, it is possible to execute a given number of cycles. With the option --infinite, tsswitch runs endlessly.

With the option --terminate, tsswitch terminates when the current plugin terminates. In this case, without remote control, tsswitch only executes the first plugin. If the remote control was used to switch to another input, tsswitch terminates when the current plugin terminates, whichever it is.

Input switching modes

There are three different modes when switching from an input plugin to another one.

By default, only one input plugin is active at a time. When tsswitch starts, the first plugin is started. When an input switch is requested, the current plugin is first stopped. When the stop operation is complete, the next plugin is started. This mode is required when two plugins use the same input device such as a tuner. Since the device cannot be shared, it must be completely stopped and closed before being reused by the next plugin. This is the safest mode. The downside is that there could be a transmission hole in the output during the switch.

With option --delayed-switch, the switching operation is slightly different. The next plugin is started first. In the meantime, output packets continue to be fetched from the previous input plugin. When the next plugin starts to receive packets, the switch is performed: output packets are now read from the next plugin. Finally, the previous input plugin is stopped. This mode guarantees a smooth transition. However, the actual output switch is delayed until the next plugin is fully operational.

With option --fast-switch, all input plugins are started in parallel from the beginning and are never stopped. All input plugins continuously read packets and fill their buffer. The current plugin performs normal flow control with the output plugin, without packet loss. All other input plugins continuously overwrite their circular input buffer. When an input switch is requested, the output plugin immediately jumps into the next plugin buffer where the latest packets are already available. This mode guarantees a smooth and immediate switch. It is appropriate for live streams only.

Remote control

Using the option --remote, tsswitch listens to UDP datagrams on a given port. Each datagram contains one switch command. A command is an ASCII string. Any trailing control characters such as CR or LF is ignored.

The command string can be one of:

An input index (e.g. 0, 1, 2, etc.) Upon reception, tsswitch immediately switches to the selected input plugin.
Strings next and previous (or prev) to switch to the next and previous input, respectively.
Strings exit or quit to properly terminate tsswitch.
Strings halt or abort to immediately abort the tsswitch process.

The bash shell provides an easy way to redirect output to a UDP message. The following sample commands send UDP messages on port 4444 to system 127.0.0.1 (the local host).

$ echo >/dev/udp/127.0.0.1/4444 2
$ echo >/dev/udp/127.0.0.1/4444 next
$ echo >/dev/udp/127.0.0.1/4444 prev
$ echo >/dev/udp/127.0.0.1/4444 exit

This is the easiest way to use the tsswitch remote control. Note that this is a feature of bash, not a Linux feature. It is available on all platforms, including macOS and Cygwin or Msys on Windows.

Event notification

It is possible to notify some external system of switching events, typically when a new input is selected. This can be done in two ways. First, it is possible to launch an external shell command each time a switching event occurs. Second, it is possible to send a JSON description of the event over UDP (possibly on a multicast address if necessary).

As an example, the following command demonstrates both methods at the same time:

$ tsswitch --infinite --event-command "echo ==== EVENT" --event-udp localhost:4444 \
    -I fork "tsp -I file $FILE1 -P regulate -P until --second 5" \
    -I fork "tsp -I file $FILE2 -P regulate -P until --second 5" \
    -O drop

The output of the command illustrates how the --event-command option works:

==== EVENT newinput 0 0
==== EVENT newinput 0 1
==== EVENT newinput 1 0
==== EVENT newinput 0 1
==== EVENT newinput 1 0
==== EVENT newinput 0 1
...

The first message refers to the command startup, using input #0 as initial input. All other messages refer to switching events from input #0 to input #1 or vice-versa.

To demonstrate the usage of the JSON UDP messages, we use the following command from another session running in parallel. It loops on reception of one UDP message using the command nc (netcat). The output of nc is piped into jq (JSON query) to display an indented and colored output of the JSON message.

$ while true; do nc -u -l -w 0 4444 | jq; done
{
  "command": "tsswitch",
  "event": "newinput",
  "new-input": 0,
  "origin": "tsduck",
  "previous-input": 1,
  "timestamp": "2021/03/13 19:33:42.595"
}
{
  "command": "tsswitch",
  "event": "newinput",
  "new-input": 1,
  "origin": "tsduck",
  "previous-input": 0,
  "timestamp": "2021/03/13 19:33:47.688"
}
{
  "command": "tsswitch",
  "event": "newinput",
  "new-input": 0,
  "origin": "tsduck",
  "previous-input": 1,
  "timestamp": "2021/03/13 19:33:52.780"
}
...

Usage

The general syntax of the tsswitch command is the following:

$ tsswitch [tsswitch-options] \
           -I input-name [input-options] ... \
           [-O output-name [output-options]]

All tsswitch-options must be placed on the command line before the input and output plugin specifications. There must be at least one input plugin and at most one output plugin. The default output plugin is file, sending all packets to the standard output.

On the command line, the order of the input plugins is significant. They are indexed from 0 to n-1. This index value is used in the remote control protocol to select an input stream.

Plugin activation options

-I name

Designate a shared library plugin for packet input. There is no default. At least one input plugin shall be specified.

-O name

Designate the shared library plugin for packet output. By default, write packets to standard output.

All input and output plugins which are available for tsp can be used by tsswitch. See the description of the command tsp for the method to locate the plugin files.

General options

-b value
--buffer-packets value

Specify the size in TS packets of each input plugin buffer. The default is 512 packets.

-l
--list-plugins

List all available plugins.

--max-input-packets value

Specify the maximum number of TS packets to read at a time. This value may impact the switch response time. The default is 128 packets. The actual value is never more than half the - -buffer-packets value.

--max-output-packets value

Specify the maximum number of TS packets to write at a time. The default is 128 packets.

Input cycles options

-c value
--cycle value

Specify how many times to repeat the cycle through all input plugins in sequence. By default, all input plugins are executed in sequence only once (--cycle 1). The options --cycle, --infinite and --terminate are mutually exclusive.

--first-input value

Specify the index of the first input plugin to start. By default, the first plugin (index 0) is used.

-i
--infinite

Infinitely repeat the cycle through all input plugins in sequence.

-t
--terminate

Terminate execution when the current input plugin terminates.

Input modes options

-d
--delayed-switch

Perform delayed input switching. When switching from one input plugin to another one, the second plugin is started first. Packets from the first plugin continue to be output while the second plugin is starting. Then, after the second plugin starts to receive packets, the switch occurs: packets are now fetched from the second plugin. Finally, after the switch, the first plugin is stopped.

By default, the current input is first stopped and then the next one is started. Options --delayed-switch and --fast-switch are mutually exclusive.

-f
--fast-switch

Perform fast input switching. All input plugins are started at once and they continuously receive packets in parallel. Packets are dropped, except for the current input plugin. This option is typically used when all inputs are live streams on distinct devices (not the same DVB tuner for instance).

By default, only one input plugin is started at a time. When switching, the current input is first stopped and then the next one is started. Options --delayed-switch and --fast-switch are mutually exclusive.

-p value
--primary-input value

Specify the index of the input plugin which is considered as primary or preferred.

This input plugin is always started, never stopped, even without --fast-switch. When no packet is received on this plugin, the normal switching rules apply. However, as soon as packets are back on the primary input, the reception is immediately switched back to it.

By default, there is no primary input, all input plugins are equal.

--receive-timeout value

Specify a receive timeout in milliseconds (independently of any equivalent feature the input plugins).

When the current input plugin has received no packet within this timeout, automatically switch to the next plugin.

By default, without --primary-input, there is no automatic switch when the current input plugin is waiting for packets. With --primary-input, the default is 2,000 ms.

Remote control options

-a address
--allow address

Specify an IP address or host name which is allowed to send remote commands. Several --allow options can be used to specify several allowed remote control systems.

By default, all received commands are accepted. If at least one --allow option is specified, any remote command which is not sent by an allowed host is rejected.

This is a security feature, but not a perfect one since IP address spoofing is trivial with UDP.

--no-reuse-port

Disable the reuse port socket option. Do not use unless completely necessary.

-r [address:]port
--remote [address:]port

Specify the local UDP port which is used to receive remote commands. If an optional address is specified, it must be a local IP address of the system. By default, there is no remote control.

--udp-buffer-size value

Specifies the UDP socket receive buffer size in bytes (socket option).

Event notification options

The following options are used to notify external systems of events occurring in tsswitch. Currently, only one type of event is defined: its name is newinput and is signalled when input switching occurs (including the first input when tsswitch starts).

--event-command "command"

When a switch event occurs, run the specified external shell command. This can be used to notify some external system of the event.

The command receives additional parameters:

Event name, currently only newinput is defined.
The input index before the event.
The input index after the event.
Optional: the user data string from --event-user-data option.

These parameters can be used or ignored by the alarm command.

--event-local-address address

With --event-udp, when the destination is a multicast address, specify the IP address of the outgoing local interface. It can be also a host name that translates to a local address.

--event-ttl value

With --event-udp, specifies the TTL (Time-To-Live) socket option. The actual option is either "Unicast TTL" or "Multicast TTL", depending on the destination address. Remember that the default Multicast TTL is 1 on most systems.

--event-udp address:port

When a switch event occurs, send a short JSON description over UDP/IP to the specified destination. This can be used to notify some external system of the event.

The address specifies an IP address which can be either unicast or multicast. It can be also a host name that translates to an IP address. The port specifies the destination UDP port.

--event-user-data 'string '

A user-defined string which is passed to the event processing.

With --event-command, this string is passed as last parameter of the user-specified command.

With --event-udp, this string is passed as user-data JSON value.

Monitoring options

-m[filename]
--monitor[=filename]

The optional file is an XML monitoring configuration file. See section C.2, for more details on resource monitoring configuration files.

Asynchronous logging options

This application is multi-threaded. Each thread may log messages at any time. To avoid delaying an application thread, the messages are displayed asynchronously in a low priority thread.

--log-message-count value

-s
--synchronous-log

--timed-log

Each logged message contains a time stamp.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.32. tstabcomp

Compile or decompile MPEG tables from XML files

This utility is an MPEG table compiler which takes MPEG tables in source form as XML files and produces binary section files.

The tstabcomp utility is also an MPEG table decompiler. From a binary file containing sections, it recreates an XML file. This XML file can be edited by hand and recompiled for instance.

See section 2.3 for a description of the format of PSI/SI files which can be manipulated by TSDuck and more specifically section 2.3.2 for a complete description of XML files.

Additionally, TSDuck defines automated XML-to-JSON translation rules (see section section 2.7.3). The command tstabcomp can use these translation rules to read input source files in JSON format and write output decompiled tables in JSON format. However, in all cases, XML is used as intermediate format. Input JSON files are translated to XML first and then compiled in binary format. On output, the tables are first decompiled in XML format and then translated to JSON.

Usage

$ tstabcomp [options] input-file ...

Parameters

input-file

XML or JSON source files to compile or binary table files to decompile.

By default, files ending in .xml or .json are compiled and files ending in .bin are decompiled. For other files, explicitly specify --compile or --decompile.

If an input file name is a dash (-), the standard input is used. In that case, --compile or --decompile must be specified since the input file type cannot be deduced from its name.

If an input file name starts with <?xml, it is considered as inline XML content. Similarly, if an input file name starts with { or [, it is considered as inline JSON content.

Options

-c
--compile

Compile all files as XML or JSON source files into binary files. This is the default for .xml or .json files.

-d
--decompile

Decompile all files as binary files into XML files. This is the default for .bin files.

-e
--extensions

With --xml-model, include the content of the available extensions.

-f
--from-json

Each input file must be a JSON file, typically from a previous automated XML-to-JSON conversion or in a similar format.

This is automatically detected for file names ending in .json. This option is only required when the input file name has a non-standard extension or is the standard input.

By default, in decompilation mode, in the absence of .json extension, input files are read as XML.

-j
--json

When decompiling, perform an automated XML-to-JSON conversion. The output file is in JSON format instead of XML. See section 2.7.3 for more details on XML-to-JSON conversion.

-o file-name --output file-name

Specify the output file name.

If the specified path is a directory, the output file is built from this directory and default file name.

If the specified name is a dash (-), the standard output is used.

By default, the output file has the same name as the input and extension .bin (compile), .xml or .json (decompile). The default output file for the standard input (-) is the standard output (-).

If more than one input file is specified, the output path, if present, must be either a directory name or the standard output (-).

-x
--xml-model

Display the XML model of the table files. This model is not a full XML-Schema, this is an informal template file which describes the expected syntax of TSDuck XML files. See section 2.6.3 for a description of XML model files.

If --output is specified, the model is saved here. Do not specify input files.

XML output options

The following options affect details in the generation of XML files.

--strict-xml

Save XML documents in strictly conformant XML format. By default, do not escape characters when this is not syntactically necessary to make the XML text more human-readable.

--x2j-collapse-text
--x2j-enforce-boolean
--x2j-enforce-integer
--x2j-include-root
--x2j-trim-text

Specific options for automated XML-to-JSON conversion. See section 2.7.3.2 for more details.

Sections files options

These options affect the way sections are loaded from binary, XML or JSON files. They are used in commands tspacketize, tstabcomp, and plugin inject.

--eit-actual

With --eit-normalization, generate all EIT Actual. Same as --eit-actual-pf --eit-actual-schedule.

--eit-actual-pf

With --eit-normalization, generate EIT p/f Actual. If no EIT selection option is specified, all EIT’s are generated.

--eit-actual-schedule

With --eit-normalization, generate EIT Schedule Actual. If no EIT selection option is specified, all EIT’s are generated.

--eit-base-date date

With --eit-normalization, use the specified date as reference for the allocation of the various EIT events in sections and segments.

--eit-normalization

Reorganize all EIT sections according to the rules from [ETSI-101-211].

EIT present/following: One single EIT p/f subtable is built per service. It is split in two sections, one for present and one for following events.
EIT schedule: All EIT schedule are kept but they are completely reorganized. All events are extracted and spread over new EIT sections according to ETSI TS 101 211 rules.

If several files are specified, the reorganization of EIT’s is performed inside each file independently. This is fine as long as all EIT’s for a given service are in the same input file.

3.33. tstabdump

Dump MPEG tables and sections

This utility dumps in human readable format MPEG tables, as saved in binary files by the tstables utility for instance.

Usage

$ tstabdump [options] [input-file ...]

Parameters

input-file

Binary section file. Several files can be specified. By default, without file and without --ip-udp, the binary tables are read from the standard input.

With --ip-udp, no file shall be specified. Binary sections and tables are received over UDP/IP as sent by the utility tstables or the plugin tables.

Options

-x value
--max-tables value

Maximum number of tables or sections to dump. Stop logging tables when this limit is reached. This option is useful with --ip-udp which never ends otherwise.

Tables and sections interpretation and formatting options

--ignore-crc32

Do not check CRC32 of input sections. This can be used to analyze sections with incorrect CRC32 but which are otherwise correct.

--no-pager

Do not send output through a pager process. By default, if the output device is a terminal, the output is paged. See section 3.1.4 for more details.

Sections display format options

These options affect the way individual sections are displayed.

-c
--c-style

Same as --raw-dump (no interpretation of section) but dump the bytes in C-language style, e.g. "0x01, 0x02," instead of "01 02". Useful to include this output as data in a C source file.

--nested-tlv[=min-size]

-r
--raw-dump

Raw dump of section, no interpretation.

--tlv syntax

All fields are optional. The default values are auto,auto,1,1,msb.

Interpretation of the transport stream content

These options controls the peculiarities of local Digital TV standards and how they are used.

--abnt

Assume that the transport stream is an ISDB one with ABNT-defined variants. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--atsc

Assume that the transport stream is an ATSC one. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--brazil

--conax

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from Conax. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x0B00.

--default-cas-id value

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from the specified CA_System_Id.

--default-charset name

Default character set to use when interpreting strings from tables and descriptors. By default, the standard DVB encoding is used. See section 2.5 for more details.

--default-pds value

Default DVB-defined private data specifier (PDS). See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--default-registration value

Default MPEG-defined registration id (also known as format identifier). Several options --default-registration options can be specified. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--dvb

Assume that the transport stream is a DVB one. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--europe

A synonym for --dvb --default-charset ISO-8859-15. . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--ignore-leap-seconds

Do not explicitly include leap seconds in some UTC computations. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--irdeto

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from Irdeto. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x0600.

--isdb

--japan

A synonym for --isdb --default-charset ARIB-STD-B24 --time-reference JST . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--mediaguard

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from MediaGuard. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x0100.

--nagravision

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from NagraVision. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x1800.

--nds

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from Synamedia (formerly known as NDS). Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x0900.

--philippines

--safeaccess

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from SafeAccess. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x4ADC.

--time-reference name

Use a non-standard time reference in DVB or ISDB-defined SI. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--usa

A synonym for --atsc . This is a handy shortcut when working on North American transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--viaccess

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from Viaccess. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x0500.

--widevine

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from Widevine CAS. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x4AD4.

UDP reception options

These options apply only when --ip-udp is used. In this case, the binary sections are received using UDP/IP. No input file is used.

--buffer-size value

Specify the UDP socket receive buffer size in bytes (socket option).

--default-interface

Let the system find the appropriate local interface on which to listen. By default, listen on all local interfaces.

--disable-multicast-loop

Disable multicast loopback.

By default, incoming multicast packets are looped back on local interfaces, if an application sends packets to the same group from the same system. This option disables this.

Warning: On input sockets, this option is effective only on Windows systems. On UNIX systems (Linux, macOS, BSD), this option applies only to output sockets.

--first-source

Filter UDP packets based on the source address. Use the sender address of the first received packet as only allowed source.

This option is useful when several sources send packets to the same destination address and port. Accepting all packets could result in a corrupted stream and only one sender shall be accepted.

To allow a more precise selection of the sender, use option --source. Options --first-source and --source are mutually exclusive.

--ip-udp [[source@]address:]port

Specify that the sections and tables are received from UDP/IP, as sent by tstables or the plugin tables.

The port part is mandatory and specifies the UDP port to listen on. The address part is optional. It specifies an IP multicast address to listen on. It can be also a host name that translates to a multicast address. If the address is not specified, the plugin simply listens on the specified local port and receives the packets which are sent to one of the local (unicast) IP addresses of the system.

An optional source address can be specified as source@address:port in the case of source-specific multicast (SSM).

--local-address address

Specify the IP address of the local interface on which to listen. It can be also a host name that translates to a local address. By default, listen on all local interfaces.

--no-encapsulation

With --ip-udp, receive the tables as raw binary messages in UDP packets. By default, the tables are formatted into TLV messages.

--no-reuse-port

Disable the reuse port socket option. Do not use unless completely necessary.

--receive-timeout value

Specify the UDP reception timeout in milliseconds. This timeout applies to each receive operation, individually. By default, receive operations wait for data, possibly forever.

--reuse-port

Set the reuse port socket option. This is now enabled by default, the option is present for legacy only.

--source address[:port]

Options --first-source and --source are mutually exclusive.

--ssm

The --ssm option is implicit when the classical SSM syntax source@address:port is used.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.34. tstables

Collect MPEG tables and sections

This utility collects MPEG tables or individual sections from a transport stream. The tables can be saved in a human readable format, in binary or XML files or sent over UDP/IP to some collecting server. It is possible to save the tables in several formats at the same time. By default, the tables are displayed in human-readable format on the standard output.

Usage

$ tstables [options] [input-file]

Parameters

input-file

MPEG transport stream, either a capture file or a pipe from a live stream (see option --format for binary formats). If the parameter is omitted, is an empty string or a dash (-), the standard input is used. Tables and sections selection options

Input options

--format name

Specify the format of the input transport stream. See section 2.1.2 for more details.

Tables selection and manipulation options

--all-once

Same as --all-sections but collect each section only once per combination of PID, table id, table id extension, section number and version.

-a
--all-sections

Display/save all sections, as they appear in the stream. By default, collect complete tables, with all sections of the tables grouped and ordered and collect each version of a table only once. Note that this mode is incompatible with all forms of XML and JSON output since valid XML and JSON structures may contain complete tables only.

-d
--diversified-payload

Select only sections with diversified payload. This means that section payloads containing the same byte value (all 0x00 or all 0xFF for instance) are ignored. Typically, such sections are stuffing and can be ignored that way.

--exclude-current

Exclude short sections and long sections with "current" indicator. This is rarely necessary.

3.35. tsterinfo

DVB-Terrestrial Information

This utility performs various operations and conversions on DVB-T transmission and modulation parameters:

Compute the carrier frequency from a UHF or VHF channel number and optional offset count.
Triggered when option --uhf-channel, --vhf-channel, and optionally --offset-count, are specified.
Retrieve the UHF or VHF channel number and offset count from a carrier frequency.
Triggered when option --frequency is specified.
Compute the nominal transport stream bitrate from OFDM modulation parameters (bandwidth, high-priority stream error correction rate, constellation and guard interval). Supported for non-hierarchical transmission only.
Triggered when options --guard-interval and --high-priority-fec, and optionally --bandwidth and --constellation, are specified.
Given a transport stream bitrate, retrieve the OFDM modulation parameters (bandwidth, high-priority stream error correction rate, constellation and guard interval). Sometimes, several combinations of parameters are possible; they are all reported (see also option --max-guess). This could be useful on Windows systems where the tuners are not able to report their current parameters. In that case, you can use tsanalyze, tsbitrate, or tsp -v to evaluate the transport stream bitrate based on PCR analysis. Then, tsterinfo will retrieve the most probable modulation parameters. Note that only the four mentioned parameters can be retrieved. All other DVB-T transmission parameters are independent from the transport stream bitrate.
Triggered when option --bitrate is specified.

See some examples in section 5.1.5.

Usage

$ tsterinfo [options]

Options

-w value
--bandwidth value

Specify the OFMD bandwith in Hz, used to compute the resulting bitrate.

For compatibility with old versions, "low" values (below 1000) are interpreted in MHz. This means that values 8 and 8,000,000 are identical. Both mean 8 MHz.

The default is 8 MHz.

-b value
--bitrate value

Transport stream bitrate in bits/second, based on 188-byte packets.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

Given this bitrate, tsterinfo will try to guess the OFDM modulation parameters: bandwidth, high-priority stream error correction rate, constellation and guard interval.

-c value
--constellation value

Specify the OFMD constellation, used to compute the resulting bitrate. Must be one of QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM (default: 64-QAM).

-d
--default-region

Display the default region for UHF/VHF band frequency layout. See also option --hf-band-region.

-f value
--frequency value

Carrier frequency in Hz. UHF or VHF channel and offset will be displayed.

-g value
--guard-interval value

Specify the OFMD guard interval, used to compute the resulting bitrate. Must be one of 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4 (no default).

-h value
--high-priority-fec value

Specify the OFMD error correction for high priority streams, used to compute the resulting bitrate. Must be one of 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8 (no default).

-m value
--max-guess value

When used with --bitrate, specify the maximum number of sets of modulation parameters to display. By default, display only one set of parameters, the one giving the closest bitrate. When the given bitrate is not exact and the transmission parameters are uncertain, it may be useful to display more than one possible set of values. The difference between the specified bitrate and nominal bitrate is displayed for each set of parameters. The various sets of parameters are displayed in increasing order of bitrate difference (ie. most probable parameters first). When more than one set of parameters give the same bitrate, they are all displayed, regardless of --max-guess.

-o value
--offset-count value

Specify the number of offsets from the UHF or VHF channel. The default is zero. See options --uhf-channel and --vhf-channel.

-n
--region-names

List all known regions with UHF/VHF band frequency layout.

-s
--simple

Produce simple output: only numbers, no comment, no formatting. Typically useful to write scripts and reuse tsterinfo output.

-u value
--uhf-channel value

Specify the UHF channel number of the carrier. Can be combined with an --offset-count option. The resulting frequency will be displayed.

-v value
--vhf-channel value

Specify the VHF channel number of the carrier. Can be combined with an --offset-count option. The resulting frequency will be displayed.

Interpretation of the transport stream content

These options controls the peculiarities of local Digital TV standards and how they are used.

--brazil

A synonym for --hf-band-region brazil . This is a handy shortcut when working on South American ISDB-Tb transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

-r name
--hf-band-region name

--japan

A synonym for --hf-band-region japan . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--philippines

A synonym for --hf-band-region philippines . This is a handy shortcut when working on Philippines transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--usa

A synonym for --hf-band-region usa . This is a handy shortcut when working on North American transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.36. tstestecmg

Test a DVB SimulCrypt compliant ECMG with an artificial load

This utility is designed to test the resistance of an ECMG. It behaves as a DVB SimulCrypt SCS and connects to one ECMG. It creates several "ECM channels" and several "ECM streams" per channel.

In each ECM stream, tstestecm emulates crypto-periods. At the beginning of each crypto-period, it requests one ECM. The returned ECM is not used, no scrambling is performed, this is just a stress test on the ECMG.

It is possible to run tstestecmg from multiple systems in parallel, connecting to the same ECMG, to emulate very hight loads. Each instance creates multiple channels (be sure to correctly distribute the channel numbers between instances, see option --first-channel-id).

Usage

$ tstestecmg [options] host:port

Test options

--max-ecm count

Stop the test after generating the specified number of ECM’s. By default, the test endlessly runs.

--max-seconds seconds

Stop the test after the specified number of seconds. By default, the test endlessly runs.

--statistics-interval seconds

Specify the interval in seconds between the display of two statistics lines. When set to zero, disable periodic statistics, only display final statistics. The default is 10 seconds.

DVB SimulCrypt options

-a hexa-digits
--access-criteria hexa-digits

Specifies the access criteria as sent to the ECMG. The value must be a suite of hexadecimal digits. All ECM’s are generated using these access criteria. Empty by default.

-c value
--channels value

Specify the number of ECM channels to open. There is one TCP connection to the ECMG per channel. The default is 10 channels.

--cp-duration seconds

Specify the crypto-period duration in seconds. The default is 10 seconds.

--cw-size bytes

Specify the size in bytes of control words. The default is 8 bytes.

--ecmg-scs-version value

Specify the version of the ECMG⇔SCS DVB SimulCrypt protocol. Valid values are 2 and 3. The default is 2.

--first-channel-id value

Specify the first ECM_channel_id value for the ECMG. Subsequent connections use sequential values. The default is 0.

--first-ecm-id value

Specify the first ECM_id value to use in the first stream. Subsequent streams use sequential values. The default is the value of --first-channel-id times the value of --streams-per-channel.

--first-stream-id value

Specify the first ECM_stream_id to use in each channel. Subsequent streams use sequential values. The default is 0.

-s value
--streams-per-channel value

Specify the number of streams to open in each channel. The default is 10.

--super-cas-id value

Specify the DVB SimulCrypt Super_CAS_Id. This is a required parameter.

DVB SimulCrypt logging options

--log-data[=level]

Same as --log-protocol but applies to CW_provision and ECM_response messages only.

To debug the session management without being flooded by data messages, use --log-protocol=info --log-data=debug.

--log-protocol[=level]

A level can be a numerical debug level or any of the following: fatal, severe, error, warning, info, verbose, debug.

Asynchronous logging options

This application is multi-threaded. Each thread may log messages at any time. To avoid delaying an application thread, the messages are displayed asynchronously in a low priority thread.

--log-message-count value

-s
--synchronous-log

-t
--timed-log

Each logged message contains a time stamp.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.37. tsvatek

List VATek-based modulator devices

This utility lists modulator devices which are based on chips from Vision Advance Technology Inc. (VATek). The final modulator device products can be from different manufacturers.

System support

Unlike Dektec and HiDes devices which are available on Linux and Windows only, VATek-based devices are available on all operating systems, including macOS, because VATek chips do not need a dedicated device driver. They are accessed through the portable libusb library which is available on all operating systems.

Usage

$ tshides [options] [device]

Parameters

The optional device index, from 0 to N-1 (with N being the number of VATek-based devices in the system) indicates which device to display.

The default is 0. Use option --all to have a complete list of devices in the system.

Options

-a
--all

List all VATek-based devices available on the system.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

3.38. tsversion

Check version, download and upgrade TSDuck

By default, this utility simply displays the TSDuck version.

Additionally, in prebuilt binary packages of TSDuck as available from tsduck.io or github.com, the tsversion command can also connect to GitHub to list all available releases of TSDuck, check for a new version, download it or upgrade TSDuck to the latest version.

These capabilities are usually disabled in TSDuck packages which are available through a package manager on Linux or through Homebrew on macOS. In these cases, the package manager handles the installation and upgrades of all packages, including TSDuck.

As an example, the following command checks for a new version online and, if one is available, downloads it and upgrades TSDuck:

$ tsversion --upgrade

Detecting the availability of a new release always works. However, to perform an upgrade, the binary packages for the current operating system and architecture must be available online. Not all combinations of binary packages are available. It is only guaranteed that TSDuck can be upgraded by tsversion for Windows 64 bits, the latest version of most 64-bit Linux distros (Fedora, Red Hat & clones, Debian, Ubuntu) and macOS (through Homebrew). For other platforms, you must recompile TSDuck from sources.

Usage

$ tsversion [options]

Common options

-e
--extensions

List all installed TSDuck extensions.

-i
--integer

Display the current version of TSDuck in integer format, suitable for comparison in a script.

Example: 31000669 for 3.10-669 (5 digits are used for the last commit number).

--support name

Check support for a specific feature.

By default, TSDuck is built with all features. However, it may be compiled with specific make options such as NODEKTEC=1 or NOPCSC=1 to remove dependencies on some libraries. The option --support can be used to test if a feature is available.

The feature name must be one of all, dektec, hides, http, pcsc, rist, srt, vatek.

Using all displays all features.

With any other option, tsversion simply exits with a success or failure status, depending if the corresponding feature is implemented or not.

Debug options

--xdump-psi-repository

Dump the internal state of the PSI repository (tables and descriptors). This is a debug function which is useless to most users. It can be helpful to troubleshoot TSDuck extensions which fail to correctly declare their own tables or descriptors.

Upgrade options

The following options are available in prebuilt binary packages of TSDuck from tsduck.io or github.com. They may be disabled in TSDuck packages which are available through a package manager on Linux or through Homebrew on macOS.

--all

List all available versions of TSDuck from GitHub.

-b
--binary

With --download, fetch the binary installers of the latest version.

This is the default. When --source is specified, you have to explicitly specify --binary if you also need the binary installers.

-c
--check

Check if a new version of TSDuck is available from GitHub.

-d
--download

Download the latest version (or the version specified by --name) from GitHub. By default, download the binary installers for the current operating system and architecture. Specify --source to download the source code.

If a local file with the same name and size already exists, the local file is reused and the download operation is skipped.

-f
--force

Force downloads even if a file with same name and size already exists.

-l
--latest

Display the latest version of TSDuck from GitHub.

-n version-name
--name version-name

Get information or download from GitHub the specified version, not the latest one.

-o dir-name
--output-directory dir-name

Specify the output directory for downloaded files (current directory by default).

-s
--source

With --download, download the source code archive instead of the binary installers.

-t
--this

Display the current version of TSDuck (this executable).

-u
--upgrade

Upgrade TSDuck to the latest version.

Internet access proxy options

The following options are used to specify how this system accesses Internet.

--proxy-host name

Optional proxy host name for Internet access.

--proxy-password string

Optional proxy password for Internet access (for use with --proxy-user).

--proxy-port value

Optional proxy port for Internet access (for use with --proxy-host).

--proxy-user name

Optional proxy user name for Internet access.

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

Environment variables

Listing versions and information about versions accesses the GitHub site. Remote information is requested from the GitHub API. GitHub limits the anonymous access to its API to a certain number of requests per hour per source IP address. If you get an error such as "API rate limit exceeded", you may have to wait for the next hour and retry. Alternatively, if you are a registered GitHub user and you have a registered authentication token, this rate limit is removed.

Set the value of your authentication token into the environment variable TSDUCK_GITHUB_API_TOKEN before using tsversion. For macOS users, if the environment variable HOMEBREW_GITHUB_API_TOKEN is already defined, it will be used.

3.39. tsxml

Test tool for TSDuck XML manipulation

This simple utility can be used to test some XML files which are manipulated by TSDuck.

Usage

$ tsxml [options] [input-file ...]

Parameters

input-files

Any number of XML files. Input files are processed in sequence.

If an input file is specified as a dash (-), the standard input is used.

General options

--attributes-merge name

With --merge, specify how attributes coming from the XML nodes to merge are processed.

Must be one of:

add: New attributes, not present in the base node, are added. Attributes already existing in the base node are ignored. This is the default.
none: No attribute is copied from the node to merge.
replace: All attributes from the nodes to merge are copied in the base node, replacing existing ones.

-c
--channel

A shortcut for --model tsduck.channels.model.xml.

This option verifies that the input files are valid channel configuration files.

-f
--from-json

Each input file must be a JSON file, typically from a previous automated XML-to-JSON conversion or in a similar format. A reverse automated JSON-to-XML conversion is performed first and the resulting XML document is processed as input.

See section 2.7.3 for more details on XML-to-JSON conversion.

-h
--hf-band

A shortcut for --model tsduck.hfbands.model.xml.

This option verifies that the input files are valid HF bands definition files.

-i value
--indent value

Specify the indentation size of output files. The default is 2 spaces.

-j
--json

Perform an automated XML-to-JSON conversion. The output file is in JSON format instead of XML.

See section 2.7.3 for more details on XML-to-JSON conversion.

-l
--lnb

A shortcut for --model tsduck.lnbs.model.xml.

This option verifies that the input files are valid satellite LNB definition files.

--merge

Merge all input files into one single XML document, instead of processing all input files one by one.

With this option, all input XML files must have the same root tag.

-m filename
--model filename

Specify an XML model file which is used to validate all input files.

The file is automatically searched in the directories for TSDuck configuration files.

--monitor

A shortcut for --model tsduck.monitor.model.xml.

This option verifies that the input files are valid resource monitoring configuration files.

-o filename
--output filename

Specify the name of the output file (standard output by default).

An output file is produced only if --patch, --reformat or --json are specified.

-p filename
--patch filename

Specify an XML patch file. See section 2.6.4 for more details on XML patch files.

All operations which are specified in this file are applied on each input XML file. Several --patch options can be specified. Patch files are sequentially applied on each input file.

This option is useful to test the XML patch files which are applied on the signalisation in various plugins using option --patch-xml.

-r
--reformat

Reformat the input XML files according to the default XML layout for TSDuck XML files. This option is useful to generate an expected output file format.

If more than one input file is specified, they are all reformatted in the same output file.

-s name
--sort name

Specify that the sub-elements of all XML structures with the specified tag name will be sorted in alphanumerical order.

Several --sort options can be specified.

-t
--tables

A shortcut for --model tsduck.tables.model.xml. Table definitions for installed TSDuck extensions are also merged in the main model.

This option verifies that the input files are valid PSI/SI table files.

--uncomment

Remove comments from the XML documents.

--xml-line[='prefix']

Output each transformed input XML file as one single XML line in the message logger instead of an output file.

The optional string parameter specifies a prefix to prepend on the log line before the XML text to facilitate the filtering of the appropriate line in the logs.

XML output options

The following options affect details in the generation of XML files.

--strict-xml

Save XML documents in strictly conformant XML format. By default, do not escape characters when this is not syntactically necessary to make the XML text more human-readable.

--x2j-collapse-text
--x2j-enforce-boolean
--x2j-enforce-integer
--x2j-include-root
--x2j-trim-text

Specific options for automated XML-to-JSON conversion. See section 2.7.3.2 for more details.

JSON output options

--json-buffer-size value

With --json-tcp or --json-udp, specify the network socket send buffer size.

--json-line[='prefix']

Same as --json but report the JSON text as one single line in the message logger instead of fully formatted output file.

The optional string parameter specifies a prefix to prepend on the log line before the JSON text to facilitate the filtering of the appropriate line in the logs.

--json-tcp address:port

Same as --json but report the JSON text as one single line in a TCP connection instead of the output file.

The address specifies an IP address or a host name that translates to an IP address. The port specifies the destination TCP port.

--json-tcp-keep

With --json-tcp, keep the TCP connection open for all JSON messages. By default, a new TCP connection is established each time a JSON message is produced.

--json-udp address:port

Same as --json but report the JSON text as one single line in a UDP datagram instead of the output file.

The address specifies an IP address which can be either unicast or multicast. It can be also a host name that translates to an IP address. The port specifies the destination UDP port.

Be aware that the size of UDP datagrams is limited by design to 64 kB. If larger JSON contents are expected, consider using --json-tcp.

--json-udp-local address

With --json-udp, when the destination is a multicast address, specify the IP address of the outgoing local interface. It can be also a host name that translates to a local address.

--json-udp-ttl value

Generic common command options

The following options are implicitly defined in all commands.

--debug[=N]

Produce verbose debug output. Specify an optional debug level N (1 by default).

--help

Display the command help text.

--verbose

Produce verbose messages.

--version

Display the version number.

4. TSP Plugins

This chapter contains the reference documentation of all plugins for tsp, the transport stream processor. The input and output plugins can also be used by the command tsswitch.

The following table lists all available plugins.

Table 8. tsp plugins
Plugin	Type	Description
`aes`	packet	Experimental AES scrambling
`analyze`	packet	Analyze the structure of the transport stream
`bat`	packet	Perform various transformations on the BAT
`bitrate_monitor`	packet	Monitor the bitrate of the TS or a given set of PID’s
`boostpid`	packet	Boost the bitrate of a PID, stealing stuffing packets
`cat`	packet	Perform various transformations on the CAT
`clear`	packet	Extract clear (non-scrambled) sequences
`continuity`	packet	Check TS continuity counters
`count`	packet	Count TS packets per PID
`craft`	input, packet	Build or modify specifically crafted packets
`cutoff`	packet	Set labels on TS packets upon reception of UDP messages
`datainject`	packet	DVB SimulCrypt-compliant EMM and private data injector
`decap`	packet	Decapsulate TS packets from a PID produced by `encap` plugin
`dektec`	input, output	Dektec DTA-1xx DVB-ASI and modulator devices I/O
`descrambler`	packet	Generic DVB descrambler
`drop`	output	Drop output packets
`dump`	packet	Dump transport stream packets
`duplicate`	packet	Duplicate PID’s, reusing null packets
`dvb`	input	DVB receiver devices (DVB-S, DVB-C, DVB-T) input
`eit`	packet	Analyze EIT sections
`eitinject`	packet	Generate and inject EIT’s in a transport stream
`encap`	packet	Encapsulate packets from several PID’s into one single PID
`feed`	packet	Extract an inner TS from an outer feed TS (experimental)
`file`	input, output, packet	Transport stream files input / output. As packet processor plugin, save packets to a file and pass to next plugin
`filter`	packet	Filter TS packets according to various criteria
`fork`	input, output, packet	Exchange packets with a created process, either input or output
`fuzz`	packet	Introduce random errors in the transport stream
`hides`	output	Send the transport stream to a HiDes modulator device
`history`	packet	Report a history of major events on the transport stream
`hls`	input, output	Receive or generate HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) media
`http`	input, output	Send / receive a transport stream as / from an HTTP server
`inject`	packet	Inject a table into a transport stream
`ip`	input, output, packet	Send / receive UDP/IP datagrams, including multicast IP and RTP
`isdbinfo`	packet	Extract ISDB-T information from the stream
`limit`	packet	Limit the global bitrate by dropping packets
`memory`	input, output	Direct memory input / output with an application
`merge`	packet	Merge TS packets coming from the output of a created process
`mpe`	packet	Extract MPE (Multi-Protocol Encapsulation) datagrams
`mpeinject`	packet	Encapsulate and inject an incoming UDP stream into MPE
`mux`	packet	Inject TS packets from a file into the transport
`nit`	packet	Perform various transformations on the NIT
`nitscan`	packet	Scan the NIT for tuning information
`null`	input	Null packets generator
`pat`	packet	Perform various transformations on the PAT
`pattern`	packet	Replace packet payload with a binary pattern
`pcap`	input	Read TS packets from a pcap or pcap-ng file
`pcradjust`	packet	Adjust PCR’s according to a constant bitrate
`pcrbitrate`	packet	Permanently recompute bitrate based on PCR’s
`pcrcopy`	packet	Copy and synchronize PCR’s from one PID to another
`pcredit`	packet	Edit PCR, PTS and DTS values in various ways
`pcrextract`	packet	Extract PCR’s from TS packets
`pcrverify`	packet	Verify PCR values
`pes`	packet	Analyze PES packets
`pidshift`	packet	Shift one or more PID’s forward in the transport stream
`play`	output	Play output TS on a media player
`pmt`	packet	Perform various transformations on the PMT
`psi`	packet	Extract all PSI tables (PAT, CAT, PMT, NIT, BAT, SDT)
`psimerge`	packet	Merge PSI/SI from mixed streams
`reduce`	packet	Reduce the bitrate by removing stuffing packets
`regulate`	packet	Regulate TS packets flow according to a bitrate or PCR
`remap`	packet	Generic PID remapper
`rist`	input, output	Send / receive using Reliable Internet Stream Transport (RIST)
`rmorphan`	packet	Remove unreferenced ("orphan") PID’s
`rmsplice`	packet	Remove ads insertions using SCTE 35 splicing information
`scrambler`	packet	DVB scrambler
`sdt`	packet	Perform various transformations on the SDT
`sections`	packet	Remove or merge sections from various PID’s
`sifilter`	packet	Extract PSI/SI PID’s
`skip`	packet	Skip leading packets in a TS
`slice`	packet	Pass or drop packets based on packet numbers or relative time
`spliceinject`	packet	Inject SCTE 35 splice commands in a transport stream
`splicemonitor`	packet	Monitor SCTE 35 splice information
`srt`	input, output	Send / receive packets using Secure Reliable Transport (SRT)
`stats`	packet	Report various statistics on PID’s and labels
`stuffanalyze`	packet	Analyze the level of stuffing in sections
`svremove`	packet	Remove a service
`svrename`	packet	Rename a service (modify service id, name, type, etc.)
`svresync`	packet	Resynchronize the clock of a service based on another service
`t2mi`	packet	Extract T2-MI (DVB-T2 Modulator Interface) packets
`tables`	packet	Collect MPEG tables
`teletext`	packet	Extract Teletext subtitles in SRT format
`time`	packet	Schedule packets pass or drop
`timeref`	packet	Update TDT and TOT with a new time reference
`timeshift`	packet	Delay transmission by a fixed amount of packets
`trace`	packet	Trace packets with a custom message
`trigger`	packet	Trigger actions on selected labeled TS packets
`tsrename`	packet	Rename a transport stream (modify ts id, etc.)
`until`	packet	Pass TS packets until specified conditions
`vatek`	output	Send the transport stream to a VATek-based modulator device
`zap`	packet	Zap on one or more services, remove all other services

Some plugins are related to the scrambling of TS packets and Conditional Access Systems. Please note the following:

The DVB-CSA scrambling algorithm is inherently and purposely very slow with a software implementation. A 3.4 GHz Pentium 4 CPU, for instance, cannot (de)scramble more than 20 Mb/s. Be cautious not to ask for impossible tasks, like real time (de)scrambling of a complete TS on a regular PC.
These tsp plugins are implemented for testing Conditional Access Systems, either on the head-end or set-top box side. TSDuck does not provide any support to hack or circumvent Conditional Access Systems and will never do so. The CAS-related plugins require and use external CAS-provided systems (ECMG, EMMG and smartcards). All secrecy and proprietary CAS information remain isolated inside these external systems and TSDuck does not attempt to access this type of secret and private information. TSDuck only interacts with these systems using their external communication protocols.

4.1. aes

Experimental AES scrambling

This plugin scrambles or descrambles the payload of packets from a specified service using AES and a fixed key. Various chaining modes are allowed. All video, audio and subtitles components of the service are scrambled.

By default, the plugin scrambles the packets. Use the option --descramble to descramble the packets.

Usage

$ tsp -P aes [options] [service]

Parameter

service

Specifies the service to scramble or descramble.

If the parameter is an integer value (either decimal or hexadecimal), it is interpreted as a service id. If its format is integer.integer, it is interpreted as major and minor ids on ATSC streams. Otherwise, the parameter is interpreted as a service name, as specified in the SDT (DVB, ISDB) or VCT (ATSC). Service names are not case sensitive and blanks are ignored. If the input TS does not contain an SDT (DVB, ISDB) or VCT (ATSC), use a service id.

If the service is unspecified, individual PID’s are scrambled (see option --pid).

Options

--cbc

Use Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode without padding. The residue (last part of the packet payload, shorter than 16 bytes) is left clear.

--cts1

Use Cipher Text Stealing (CTS) mode. TS packets with a payload shorter than 17 bytes are left clear.

Several incompatible designs of CTS exist. This one implements the description in:

Bruce Schneier, Applied Cryptography (2nd, Ed.), pp 191, 195
RFC 2040, The RC5, RC5-CBC, RC5-CBC-Pad, and RC5-CTS Algorithms
"CBC ciphertext stealing" in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciphertext_stealing

--cts2

Use Cipher Text Stealing (CTS) mode. TS packets with a payload shorter than 16 bytes are left clear.

Several incompatible designs of CTS exist. This one implements the description in http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST/toolkit/BCM/documents/ciphertext%20stealing%20proposal.pdf

--cts3

Use ECB Cipher Text Stealing (CTS) mode. TS packets with a payload shorter than 17 bytes are left clear.

Several incompatible designs of CTS exist. This one implements the description of "ECB ciphertext stealing" in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciphertext_stealing

--cts4

Use ECB Cipher Text Stealing (CTS) mode. TS packets with a payload shorter than 17 bytes are left clear.

Several incompatible designs of CTS exist. This one implements the ECB ciphertext stealing which is used in ST 71xx chips.

-d
--descramble

Descramble instead of scramble.

--dvs042

Use DVS 042 (now ANSI/SCTE 52 2003) cipher block chaining mode. See [SCTE-52].

TS packets with a payload shorter than 16 bytes are left clear. Note that the DVS 042 standard allows the scrambling of short messages (shorter than the cipher block size, ie. 16 bytes with AES) but the two versions of the standard (ANSI/SCTE 52 2003 and ANSI/SCTE 52 2008) have incompatible descriptions of the processing of short messages. To avoid conflicts, this plugin does not scramble these short messages.

--ecb

Use Electronic Code Book (ECB) mode without padding. The residue (last part of the packet payload, shorter than 16 bytes) is left clear.

This is the default mode.

-i hexa-digits
--iv hexa-digits

Specifies the initialization vector. Must be a string of 32 hexadecimal digits. Must not be used in ECB mode and the various ECB-CTS modes (CTS3, CTS4).

The default IV is all zeroes.

-k hexa-digits
--key hexa-digits

Specifies a fixed and constant AES key for all TS packets. The value must be a string of 32 or 64 hexadecimal digits. This is a mandatory parameter.

-p pid1[-pid2]
--pid pid1[-pid2]

Specifies PID’s to scramble. Can be used instead of specifying a service.

Several --pid options may be specified.

Interpretation of the transport stream content

These options controls the peculiarities of local Digital TV standards and how they are used.

--brazil

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-ISO-8859-15 . This is a handy shortcut when working on South American ISDB-Tb transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--default-charset name

Default character set to use when interpreting strings from tables and descriptors. By default, the standard DVB encoding is used. See section 2.5 for more details.

--europe

A synonym for --default-charset ISO-8859-15. . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--japan

A synonym for --default-charset ARIB-STD-B24 . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--philippines

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-UTF-8 . This is a handy shortcut when working on Philippines transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

The options --only-label and --except-label are complementary. When the two are specified, the plugin is invoked for all transport stream packets with any label from --only-label and no label from --except-label.

4.2. analyze

Global transport stream analysis

This plugin performs various types of global analysis on the transport stream.

It is equivalent to the tsanalyze utility. The following two commands produce the same result:

$ tsanalyze options ... filename
$ tsp -I file filename -P analyze options ... -O drop

Usage

$ tsp -P analyze [options]

General purpose options

-c
--cumulative

With --interval, accumulate analysis data of all intervals. With this option, each new report is an analysis from the beginning of the stream.

By default, the analyzed data are reset after each report.

-i seconds
--interval seconds

Produce a new output file at regular intervals. After outputting a file, the analysis context is reset, i.e. each output file contains a fully independent analysis.

-m
--multiple-files

When used with --interval and --output-file, create a new file for each analysis instead of rewriting the previous file. Assuming that the specified output file name has the form base.ext, each file is created with a time stamp in its name as base-YYYYMMDD-hhmmss.ext.

-o filename
--output-file filename

Specify the output text file for the analysis result. By default, use the standard output.

If you do not specify this option, be sure to use a tsp output plugin which redirects the output TS to something different from the default. Otherwise, the text output of the analysis will be mixed with the binary output of the TS packets!

Analysis control options

These options are identical in the command tsanalyze and the tsp plugin analyze.

--suspect-max-consecutive value

Specifies the maximum number of consecutive suspect packets. The default value is one. If set to zero, the suspect packet detection is disabled.

its PID is unknown (no other packet was found in this PID)
it immediately follows a certain amount of packet containing errors (see option --suspect-min-error-count)
it immediately follows no more than the specified number consecutive suspect packets.

--suspect-min-error-count value

Specifies the minimum number of consecutive packets with errors before starting suspect packet detection. See also option --suspect-max-consecutive.

The default value is one. If set to zero, the suspect packet detection is disabled.

Output control options

These options are identical in the command tsanalyze and the tsp plugin analyze.

--deterministic

Enforce a deterministic and reproduceable output. Do not output non-reproduceable information such as system time (useful for automated tests).

--error-analysis

Report analysis about detected errors.

--global-pid-list

--normalized

Complete report about the transport stream, services, PID’s and tables in the old normalized output format. This type of output is useful for automatic analysis in scripts.

--pes-pid-list

Report the list of all PID’s which are declared as carrying PES packets (audio, video, subtitles, etc).

--pid-analysis

Report analysis for each PID.

--pid-list

Report the list of all PID’s.

--prefix 'string'

--service-analysis

Report analysis for each service.

--service-list

Report the list of all service ids.

--service-pid-list value

Report the list of all PID’s which are referenced by the specified service id.

--table-analysis

Report analysis for each table.

--title 'string'

Display the specified string as title header.

--ts-analysis

Report global transport stream analysis.

--unreferenced-pid-list

Report the list of all unreferenced PID’s, that is to say PID’s which are neither referenced by a service nor known as or referenced by the standard DVB PSI/SI.

-w
--wide-display

Use a wider grid display with more information on each line.

JSON output options

--json

Produce a report in JSON output format. Useful for automatic analysis.

--json-buffer-size value

With --json-tcp or --json-udp, specify the network socket send buffer size.

--json-line[='prefix']

Same as --json but report the JSON text as one single line in the message logger instead of fully formatted output file.

The optional string parameter specifies a prefix to prepend on the log line before the JSON text to facilitate the filtering of the appropriate line in the logs.

--json-tcp address:port

Same as --json but report the JSON text as one single line in a TCP connection instead of the output file.

The address specifies an IP address or a host name that translates to an IP address. The port specifies the destination TCP port.

--json-tcp-keep

With --json-tcp, keep the TCP connection open for all JSON messages. By default, a new TCP connection is established each time a JSON message is produced.

--json-udp address:port

Same as --json but report the JSON text as one single line in a UDP datagram instead of the output file.

The address specifies an IP address which can be either unicast or multicast. It can be also a host name that translates to an IP address. The port specifies the destination UDP port.

Be aware that the size of UDP datagrams is limited by design to 64 kB. If larger JSON contents are expected, consider using --json-tcp.

--json-udp-local address

With --json-udp, when the destination is a multicast address, specify the IP address of the outgoing local interface. It can be also a host name that translates to a local address.

--json-udp-ttl value

Interpretation of the transport stream content

These options controls the peculiarities of local Digital TV standards and how they are used.

--abnt

Assume that the transport stream is an ISDB one with ABNT-defined variants. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--atsc

Assume that the transport stream is an ATSC one. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--brazil

--default-charset name

Default character set to use when interpreting strings from tables and descriptors. By default, the standard DVB encoding is used. See section 2.5 for more details.

--default-pds value

Default DVB-defined private data specifier (PDS). See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--default-registration value

Default MPEG-defined registration id (also known as format identifier). Several options --default-registration options can be specified. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--dvb

Assume that the transport stream is a DVB one. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--europe

A synonym for --dvb --default-charset ISO-8859-15. . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--ignore-leap-seconds

Do not explicitly include leap seconds in some UTC computations. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--isdb

--japan

A synonym for --isdb --default-charset ARIB-STD-B24 --time-reference JST . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--philippines

--time-reference name

Use a non-standard time reference in DVB or ISDB-defined SI. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--usa

A synonym for --atsc . This is a handy shortcut when working on North American transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

Normalized output format

See the corresponding description in the documentation of the tsanalyze command.

4.3. bat

Perform various transformations on a BAT

This plugin performs various transformations on the BAT, either all BAT’s of the transport stream or one specific BAT for one specific bouquet.

Usage

$ tsp -P bat [options]

Options

-b value
--bouquet-id value

Specify the bouquet id of the BAT to modify and leave other BAT’s unmodified. By default, all BAT’s are modified.

--cleanup-private-descriptors

Remove all private descriptors without preceding private_data_specifier_descriptor.

--pds value

With option --remove-descriptor, specify the private data specifier which applies to the descriptor tag values above 0x80.

--remove-descriptor value

Remove from the BAT all descriptors with the specified tag. Several --remove-descriptor options may be specified to remove several types of descriptors. See also option --pds.

-r value
--remove-service value

Remove the specified service_id from the following descriptors: service_list_descriptor, logical_channel_number_descriptor.

Several --remove-service options may be specified to remove several services.

--remove-ts value

Remove from the BAT all references to the transport stream with the specified ts_id value.

Several --remove-ts options may be specified to remove several TS.

Generic options for table manipulation

-b value
--bitrate value

Specifies the bitrate in bits / second of the PID containing the BAT if a new one is created.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

The default is 3000 b/s.

-c
--create

Create a new empty BAT if none was received after one second.

This is equivalent to --create-after 1000.

--create-after milliseconds

Create a new empty BAT if none was received after the specified number of milliseconds. If an actual BAT is received later, it will be used as the base for transformations instead of the empty one.

This can be useful to force the creation of a BAT in a TS which has none (the BAT is an optional table).

-i
--increment-version

Increment the version number of the BAT.

--inter-packet value

When a new BAT is created and --bitrate is not present, this option specifies the packet interval for the BAT PID, that is to say the number of TS packets in the transport between two packets of the PID.

Use instead of --bitrate if the global bitrate of the TS cannot be determined.

--patch-xml filename

Specify an XML patch file which is applied to each BAT on the fly. The XML patches are applied first. The other options of this plugin are applied on the patched table.

If the specified name starts with <?xml, it is considered as inline XML content, meaning that the string in the command line is directly the XML content and not a file name.

Several --patch-xml options can be specified. Patch files are sequentially applied on each table.

See section 2.6.4 for more details on XML patch files.

-v value
--new-version value

Specify a new value for the version of the BAT.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.4. bitrate_monitor

Monitor the bitrate of the transport stream or a given set of PID’s

This plugin is used to monitor the bitrate of the complete transport stream or a given set of PID’s. Note that the bitrate is the instantaneous bitrate, meaning that it is computed from the packets received during the last n seconds (n is a plugin parameter, the default value is 5 seconds).

If the bitrate value is outside of the specified range, an alarm is reported.

An alarm command can be specified to report anomalies in a custom way. If such a command is present, it will be called with the problem description as parameters. See an example in section 5.2.30.

Usage

$ tsp -P bitrate_monitor [options]

Options

-a "command"
--alarm-command "command"

Command to run when the bitrate goes either out of range or back to normal.

The command receives the following additional parameters:

A human-readable alarm message.
Either ts or the decimal integer value of the first PID to monitor.
Bitrate alarm state string, one of lower, greater, normal.
Current bitrate in b/s (decimal integer) of TS or set of PID’s.
Minimum bitrate in b/s (decimal integer).
Maximum bitrate in b/s (decimal integer).
Net bitrate, without null packets, in b/s (decimal integer).

These parameters can be used or ignored by the alarm command.

--json-line[='prefix']

Report the bitrate information as one single line in JSON format.

The optional string parameter specifies a prefix to prepend on the log line before the JSON text to facilitate the filtering of the appropriate line in the logs.

--min value

Set minimum allowed value for bitrate in bits/s.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

The default is 10 bits/s.

--max value

Set maximum allowed value for bitrate bits/s.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

The default is 2³² bits/s. Note that default values for minimum and maximum bitrate are only useful to detect if the given PID is present or not.

-p value
--periodic-bitrate value

Always report the bitrate and net bitrate (without null packets) at the specific intervals in seconds, even if the bitrate is in range.

--periodic-command value

Run the --alarm-command at the specific intervals in seconds, even if the bitrate is in range.

With this option, the alarm command is run on state change and at periodic intervals.

--pid pid1[-pid2]

Specifies the PID or set of PID’s to monitor.

By default, when no --pid is specified, monitor the bitrate of the full TS. Several --pid options may be specified. When several PID’s are specified, the tested bitrate is the global bitrate of all the selected PID’s.

Compatibility: Previously, the PID to monitor could be specified as a command line parameter, without explicit --pid option. This is still accepted for compatibility for old scripts.

--set-label-above label1[-label2]

Set the specified labels on all packets while the bitrate is above normal.

Several --set-label-above options may be specified.

--set-label-below label1[-label2]

Set the specified labels on all packets while the bitrate is below normal.

Several --set-label-below options may be specified.

--set-label-go-above label1[-label2]

Set the specified labels on one packet when the bitrate goes above normal.

Several --set-label-go-above options may be specified.

--set-label-go-below label1[-label2]

Set the specified labels on one packet when the bitrate goes below normal.

Several --set-label-go-below options may be specified.

--set-label-go-normal label1[-label2]

Set the specified labels on one packet when the bitrate goes back to normal (within range).

Several --set-label-go-normal options may be specified.

--set-label-normal label1[-label2]

Set the specified labels on all packets while the bitrate is normal (within range).

Several --set-label-normal options may be specified.

--tag 'string'

Message tag to be displayed in alarms. Useful when the plugin is used several times in the same process.

-s
--summary

Display a final summary of bitrate statistics.

-t value
--time-interval value

Time interval in seconds used to compute the bitrate. The default is 5 seconds.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.5. boostpid

Boost the bitrate of a PID

This plugin artificially increases the bitrate of a selected PID by adding empty packets (ie. without payload). The plugin does not really insert new packets in the TS, it "steals" stuffing packets.

Usage

$ tsp -P boostpid [options] pid addpkt inpkt

Parameters

pid

The first parameter specifies the PID to boost.

addpkt inpkt

The second and third parameters specify that addpkt TS packets must be automatically added after every inpkt input TS packets in the PID. Both addpkt and inpkt must be non-zero integer values.

As an example, the parameters 3 1 indicate to add 3 new empty packets in the PID for every existing packet. The resulting bitrate of the PID is multiplied by 4.

Take care to limit the added packet ratio to something realistic. The value 1000 1, for instance, is unrealistic since it is impossible, in most cases, to find 1000 stuffing packets to replace between all existing packets of the PID.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.6. cat

Perform various transformations on the CAT

This plugin performs various transformations on the CAT.

Usage

$ tsp -P cat [options]

Options

-a casid/pid[/private-data]
--add-ca-descriptor casid/pid[/private-data]

Add a CA_descriptor in the CAT with the specified CA_System_Id and EMM PID. The optional private data must be a suite of hexadecimal digits.

Several --add-ca-descriptor options may be specified to add several descriptors.

--cleanup-private-descriptors

Remove all private descriptors without preceding private_data_specifier_descriptor.

-r id1[-id2]
--remove-casid id1[-id2]

Remove all CA_descriptor with any of the specified CA_System_Id.

Several --remove-casid options may be specified.

--remove-pid pid1[-pid2]

Remove all CA_descriptor with the specified EMM PID values.

Several --remove-pid options may be specified.

Generic options for table manipulation

-b value
--bitrate value

Specifies the bitrate in bits / second of the PID containing the CAT if a new one is created.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

The default is 3000 b/s.

-c
--create

Create a new empty CAT if none was received after one second.

This is equivalent to --create-after 1000.

--create-after milliseconds

Create a new empty CAT if none was received after the specified number of milliseconds. If an actual CAT is received later, it will be used as the base for transformations instead of the empty one.

This can be useful to force the creation of a CAT in a TS which has none (the CAT is an optional table).

-i
--increment-version

Increment the version number of the CAT.

--inter-packet value

When a new CAT is created and --bitrate is not present, this option specifies the packet interval for the CAT PID, that is to say the number of TS packets in the transport between two packets of the PID.

Use instead of --bitrate if the global bitrate of the TS cannot be determined.

--patch-xml filename

Specify an XML patch file which is applied to each CAT on the fly. The XML patches are applied first. The other options of this plugin are applied on the patched table.

If the specified name starts with <?xml, it is considered as inline XML content, meaning that the string in the command line is directly the XML content and not a file name.

Several --patch-xml options can be specified. Patch files are sequentially applied on each table.

See section 2.6.4 for more details on XML patch files.

-v value
--new-version value

Specify a new value for the version of the CAT.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.7. clear

Extract clear (non scrambled) sequences

This plugin extracts clear (non scrambled) sequences of a transport stream.

The extraction is based on one "reference" service (see option --service). When a clear packet is found on any audio or video stream of the reference service, all subsequent packets in the TS are transmitted. When no clear packet has been found in the last second, all subsequent packets in the TS are dropped.

This plugin is typically used after the plugin zap. It let the service pass when it is clear and drops it when it is scrambled.

Usage

$ tsp -P clear [options]

Options

-a
--audio

Check only audio PIDs for clear packets. By default, audio and video PIDs are checked.

-d value
--drop-after-packets value

Specifies the number of packets after the last clear packet to wait before stopping the packet transmission. By default, stop 1 second after the last clear packet (based on current bitrate).

-s name-or-id
--service name-or-id

Specify the reference service.

If this option is not specified, the first service in the PAT is used.

--stuffing

Replace excluded packets with stuffing (null packets) instead of removing them. Useful to preserve bitrate.

-v
--video

Check only video PIDs for clear packets. By default, audio and video PIDs are checked.

Interpretation of the transport stream content

These options controls the peculiarities of local Digital TV standards and how they are used.

--brazil

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-ISO-8859-15 . This is a handy shortcut when working on South American ISDB-Tb transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--default-charset name

Default character set to use when interpreting strings from tables and descriptors. By default, the standard DVB encoding is used. See section 2.5 for more details.

--europe

A synonym for --default-charset ISO-8859-15. . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--japan

A synonym for --default-charset ARIB-STD-B24 . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--philippines

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-UTF-8 . This is a handy shortcut when working on Philippines transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.8. continuity

Check continuity counters

This plugin checks the continuity counters on TS packets, PID per PID.

Usage

$ tsp -P continuity [options]

Options

-f
--fix

Fix incorrect continuity counters. By default, only display discontinuities.

Warning: Make sure that "fixing" the continuity counters is really what you want to do. If the input file is corrupted with missing packets, this plugin cannot restore the content of the missing packets. Non-contiguous continuity counters are here to inform the video player that TS packets are missing and the PES content is probably corrupted. If you use --fix, the continuity counters will become continuous again but the PES content remains corrupted because some binary data are still missing. The difference is that the media player will not be informed that the PES content is corrupted. Make sure that this is what you want to do.

--json-line[='prefix']

Report the continuity information as one single line in JSON format.

The optional string parameter specifies a prefix to prepend on the log line before the JSON text to facilitate the filtering of the appropriate line in the logs.

--no-replicate-duplicated

Two successive packets in the same PID are considered as duplicated if they have the same continuity counter and same content (except PCR, if any).

By default, with --fix, duplicated input packets are replicated as duplicated on output (the corresponding output packets have the same continuity counters).

When this option is specified, the input packets are not considered as duplicated and the output packets receive individually incremented countinuity counters.

-p pid1[-pid2]
--pid pid1[-pid2]

Check or fix continuity counters only in packets with these PID values.

Several --pid options may be specified. By default, all PID’s are checked or fixed.

-t "string"
--tag "string"

Message tag to be displayed when packets are missing. Useful when the plugin is used several times in the same command line.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.9. count

Count TS packets per PID

This plugin counts packets per PID and provides either a summary of packet counts or a detailed list of packet per PID.

Usage

$ tsp -P count [options]

Options

-a
--all

Report packet index and PID for all packets from the selected PID’s. By default, only a final summary is reported.

-b
--brief

Brief display. Report only the numerical values, not comment on their usage. This option is useful for automatic processing of the resulting output.

-i value
--interval value

Report a timestamp and global packet counts at regular intervals. The specified value is a number of packets.

-n
--negate

Negate the filter: specified PID’s are excluded.

-o filename
--output-file filename

Specify the output file for reporting packet counters. By default, report on standard error using the tsp logging mechanism.

-p pid1[-pid2]
--pid pid1[-pid2]

PID filter: select packets with these PID values. Several --pid options may be specified. By default, if --pid is not specified, all PID’s are selected.

-s
--summary

Display a final summary of packet counts per PID. This is the default, unless --all or --total is specified, in which case the final summary is reported only if --summary is specified.

--tag "string"

Message tag to be displayed with count report lines. Useful when the plugin is used several times in the same command line.

-t
--total

Display the total packet counts in all PID’s.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.10. craft (input)

Build specifically crafted input packets

This plugin generates fake transport stream packets from scratch. The various fields in the packets are specified using command line options.

Usage

$ tsp -I craft [options]

Options

--cc value

Specify the initial value of the continuity counter field (0 by default).

--constant-cc

Do not increment the continuity counter.

By default, the continuity counter in incremented when the packet has a payload.

-c value
--count value

Specify the number of crafted packets to generate. After the last packet, an end-of-file condition is generated.

By default, if --count is not specified, crafted packets are generated endlessly.

--discontinuity

Set the discontinuity_indicator in the packets. An adaptation field is created.

--error

Set the transport_error_indicator in the packets.

--es-priority

Set the elementary_stream_priority_indicator in the packets. An adaptation field is created.

-j
--joint-termination

When --count is specified, perform a joint termination when completed instead of unconditional termination. See the tsp reference documentation for more details on joint termination.

--no-payload

Do not use a payload.

--opcr value

Set this OPCR value in the packets. An adaptation field is created.

--payload-pattern hexa-digits

Specify the binary pattern to apply on packets payload.

The value must be a string of hexadecimal digits specifying any number of bytes. The pattern is repeated to fill the payload. The last repetition of the pattern is truncated if necessary.

The default is FF.

--payload-size value

Specify the size of the packet payload in bytes. When necessary, an adaptation field is created.

Note that --payload-size 0 specifies that a payload exists with a zero size. This is different from --no-payload which also specifies that the payload does not exist.

By default, the payload uses all free space in the packet.

--pcr value

Set this PCR value in the packets. An adaptation field is created.

-p value
--pid value

Specify the PID for the packets (0 by default).

--priority

Set the transport_priority flag in the packets.

--private-data hexa-digits

Specify the complete binary content of the transport_private_data in the adaptation field. The value must be a string of hexadecimal digits specifying any number of bytes.

--pusi

Set the payload_unit_start_indicator in the packets.

--random-access

Set the random_access_indicator in the packets. An adaptation field is created.

--rs204 hexa-digits

Generate a 204-byte packet and specify the binary content to store in the 16-byte trailer. The value must be a string of hexadecimal digits specifying up to 16 bytes. If the data are shorter than 16 bytes, they are padded with 0xFF.

--scrambling value

Specify the value of the transport_scrambling_control field (0 by default).

--splice-countdown value

Create a splicing point and set this splice countdown value in the packets. An adaptation field is created.

Generic input plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all input plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.11. craft (packet processing)

Craft specific low-level transformations on packets

This plugin modifies precise fields in all TS packets.

Some operations may need space in the adaptation field. By default, the payload is left unmodified and a transformation is rejected if it needs to enlarge the adaptation field since this would destroy part of the existing payload. Enlarging the adaptation field is possible only when --payload-pattern is specified, in which case the payload is overwritten anyway.

Usage

$ tsp -P craft [options]

Options

--clear-discontinuity

Clear the discontinuity_indicator in the packets.

--clear-error

Clear the transport_error_indicator in the packets.

--clear-es-priority

Clear the elementary_stream_priority_indicator in the packets.

--clear-priority

Clear the transport_priority flag in the packets.

--clear-pusi

Clear the payload_unit_start_indicator in the packets.

--clear-random-access

Clear the random_access_indicator in the packets.

--continuity-counter value

Specify the value of the continuity_counter field.

--delete-rs204

Delete the 16-byte trailer of a 204-byte packet, if there is one.

--discontinuity

Set the discontinuity_indicator in the packets. Space is required in the adaptation field.

--error

Set the transport_error_indicator in the packets.

--es-priority

Set the elementary_stream_priority_indicator in the packets. Space is required in the adaptation field.

--no-opcr

Remove the OPCR from the packets.

--no-payload

Remove the payload.

--no-pcr

Remove the PCR from the packets.

--no-private-data

Remove the private data from adaptation field.

--no-repeat

Do not repeat payload pattern operations as specified by options --payload-pattern, --payload-and, --payload-or, --payload-xor. The operation is performed once only.

--no-splice-countdown

Remove the splicing point from the packets.

--offset-pattern value

Specify starting offset in payload when using --payload-pattern. By default, the pattern replacement starts at the beginning of the packet payload.

--opcr value

Set this OPCR value in the packets. Space is required in the adaptation field.

--pack-pes-header

When a TS packet contains the start of a PES packet and the header of this PES packet contains stuffing, shift the TS payload to remove all possible stuffing from the PES header. Create TS stuffing in the adaptation field to compensate.

With PES data streams such as subtitles, the PES header sometimes contains stuffing to make sure that the PES packet uses an integral number of full TS packets. This option is a way to create space in the adaptation field of TS packets without destroying data. Then, PCR or other data can be added in the adaptation fields.

--payload-and hexa-digits

Apply a binary "and" operation on the payload using the specified hexvalue binary pattern.

The value must be a string of hexadecimal digits specifying any number of bytes.

The "and" operation is repeated up to the end of the payload (unless --no-repeat is specified).

--payload-or hexa-digits

Apply a binary "or" operation on the payload using the specified hexvalue binary pattern.

The value must be a string of hexadecimal digits specifying any number of bytes.

The "or" operation is repeated up to the end of the payload (unless --no-repeat is specified).

--payload-pattern hexa-digits

Overwrite the payload with the specified hexvalue binary pattern.

The value must be a string of hexadecimal digits specifying any number of bytes.

The pattern is repeated to fill the payload (unless --no-repeat is specified).

--payload-size size

Resize the packet payload to the specified value in bytes.

When necessary, an adaptation field is created or enlarged. Without --payload-pattern, the existing payload is either shrunk or enlarged.

When an existing payload is shrunk, the end of the payload is truncated. When an existing payload is enlarged, its end is padded with 0xFF bytes.

Note that --payload-size 0 specifies that a payload exists with a zero size. This is different from --no-payload which also specifies that the payload does not exist.

--payload-xor hexa-digits

Apply a binary "exclusive or" operation on the payload using the specified binary pattern.

The value must be a string of hexadecimal digits specifying any number of bytes.

The "exclusive or" operation is repeated up to the end of the payload (unless --no-repeat is specified).

--pcr value

Set this PCR value in the packets. Space is required in the adaptation field.

--pes-payload

With this option, the modified payload is the PES payload, not the TS payload. When the TS packet does not contain the start of a PES packet, the TS payload is not modified.

With --payload-size, the TS payload is resized so that the part of the PES payload which is in the TS packet gets the specified size.

With --payload-pattern and --offset-pattern, the pattern is applied inside the PES payload at the specified offset.

-p value
--pid value

Modify the PID to the specified value.

--priority

Set the transport_priority flag in the packets.

--private-data hexa-digits

Specify the binary content of the transport_private_data in the adaptation field. The value must be a string of hexadecimal digits specifying any number of bytes. Space is required in the adaptation field.

--pusi

Set the payload_unit_start_indicator in the packets.

--random-access

Set the random_access_indicator in the packets. Space is required in the adaptation field.

--rs204 hexa-digits

Specify the binary content to store in the 16-byte trailer of a 204-byte packet. If the packets have no trailer, one is created. The value must be a string of hexadecimal digits specifying up to 16 bytes. If the data are shorter than 16 bytes, they are padded with 0xFF.

--scrambling value

Specify the value of the transport_scrambling_control field.

--splice-countdown value

Create a splicing point and set this splice countdown value in the packets. Space is required in the adaptation field.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.12. cutoff

Set labels on TS packets upon reception of UDP messages

This plugin sets or clears labels on the TS packets upon reception of text commands from UDP.

This plugin is typically used as a remote command reception. Depending on the remote commands, packets are marked and can be processed differently in subsequent plugins in the chain.

Remote commands

The plugin cutoff listens to UDP datagrams on a given port. Each datagram contains exactly one command. A command is an ASCII string. Any trailing control characters such as CR or LF is ignored.

The command string can be one of:

pulse-label n

Set the label n on the next TS packet (only once).

start-label n

Set the label n on all TS packets (until the next stop-label command).

stop-label n

Stop setting the label n on all TS packets.

exit

Exit the tsp execution, simulate an end of stream at the next TS packet.

The bash shell provides an easy way to redirect output to a UDP message. The following sample commands send UDP messages on port 4444 to system 127.0.0.1 (the local host).

$ echo >/dev/udp/127.0.0.1/4444 pulse-label 1
$ echo >/dev/udp/127.0.0.1/4444 start-label 2
$ echo >/dev/udp/127.0.0.1/4444 stop-label 2
$ echo >/dev/udp/127.0.0.1/4444 exit

This is the easiest way to control the plugin cutoff. Note that this is a feature of bash, not a Linux feature. It is available on all platforms, including macOS and Cygwin or Msys on Windows.

Usage

$ tsp -P cutoff [options] [[source@]address:]port

Parameter

The parameter [address:]port describes the destination of incoming UDP datagrams. All datagrams which are received on this stream are text commands.

The port part is mandatory and specifies the UDP port to listen on. The address part is optional. It specifies an IP multicast address to listen on. It can be also a host name that translates to a multicast address.

An optional source address can be specified as source@address:port in the case of source-specific multicast (SSM).

If the address is not specified, the plugin simply listens on the specified local port and receives the packets which are sent to one of the local (unicast) IP addresses of the system.

Options

-a address
--allow address

Specify an IP address or host name which is allowed to send remote commands. Several --allow options can be used to specify several allowed remote control systems.

By default, all received commands are accepted. If at least one --allow option is specified, any remote command which is not sent by an allowed host is rejected.

This is a security feature, but not a perfect one since IP address spoofing is trivial with UDP.

-b value
--buffer-size value

Specify the UDP socket receive buffer size in bytes (socket option).

--default-interface

Let the system find the appropriate local interface on which to listen. By default, listen on all local interfaces.

--disable-multicast-loop

Disable multicast loopback.

By default, incoming multicast packets are looped back on local interfaces, if an application sends packets to the same group from the same system. This option disables this.

Warning: On input sockets, this option is effective only on Windows systems. On UNIX systems (Linux, macOS, BSD), this option applies only to output sockets.

-f
--first-source

Filter UDP packets based on the source address. Use the sender address of the first received packet as only allowed source.

This option is useful when several sources send packets to the same destination address and port. Accepting all commands could result in inconsistent processing and only one sender shall be accepted.

To allow a more precise selection of the sender, use option --source. Options --first-source and --source are mutually exclusive.

-l address
--local-address address

Specify the IP address of the local interface on which to listen. It can be also a host name that translates to a local address. By default, listen on all local interfaces.

--max-queue value

Specify the maximum number of queued UDP commands before their execution into the stream. The default is 128.

--no-reuse-port

Disable the reuse port socket option. Do not use unless completely necessary.

--receive-timeout value

Specify the UDP reception timeout in milliseconds. This timeout applies to each receive operation, individually.

By default, receive operations wait for commands, possibly forever.

-r
--reuse-port

Set the reuse port socket option. This is now enabled by default, the option is present for legacy only.

-s address[:port]
--source address[:port]

Filter UDP packets based on the specified source address.

This option is useful when several sources send packets to the same destination address and port. Accepting all commands could result in inconsistent processing and only one sender shall be accepted.

Options --first-source and --source are mutually exclusive.

--ssm

The --ssm option is implicit when the classical SSM syntax source@address:port is used.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.13. datainject

DVB-SimulCrypt EMM and private data injector

This plugin receives EMM’s and/or private data using the DVB SimulCrypt EMMG/PDG⇔MUX protocol and injects them into the transport stream in a specific PID.

This plugin is a TCP server (MUX side of the protocol). It accepts only one EMMG/PDG connection at a time.

If the injected data are EMM’s, make sure to update the CAT accordingly (see the plugin cat).

Usage

$ tsp -P datainject [options]

Options

-b value
--bitrate-max value

Specifies the maximum bitrate for the data PID in bits / second.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

By default, the data PID bitrate is limited by the stuffing bitrate (data insertion is performed by replacing stuffing packets).

--buffer-size value

Specify the TCP and UDP socket receive buffer size in bytes (socket option).

-v value
--emmg-mux-version value

Specifies the version of the EMMG/PDG⇔MUX DVB SimulCrypt protocol. Valid values are 1 to 5. The default is 2.

--no-reuse-port

Disable the reuse port socket option. Do not use unless completely necessary.

-p value
--pid value

Specifies the PID for the data insertion.

This option is mandatory, there is no default.

-q value
--queue-size value

Specifies the maximum number of data sections or TS packets in the internal queue, i.e. messages which are received from the EMMG/PDG client but not yet inserted into the transport stream.

The default is 1000.

-r
--reuse-port

Set the reuse port socket option. This is now enabled by default, the option is present for legacy only.

-s [address:]port
--server [address:]port

Specifies the local TCP port on which the plugin listens for an incoming EMMG/PDG connection. This option is mandatory.

When present, the optional address shall specify a local IP address or host name (by default, the plugin accepts connections on any local IP interface).

This plugin behaves as a MUX, ie. a TCP server, and accepts only one EMMG/PDG connection at a time.

-u [address:]port
--udp [address:]port

Specifies the local UDP port on which the plugin listens for data provision messages (these messages can be sent using TCP or UDP).

By default, the UDP reception uses the same port and optional local address as specified for TCP using option --server.

--unregulated

Insert data packets immediately. Do not regulate the insertion of data packets, do not limit the data bitrate.

This is useful to test invalid EMMG’s which do not comply with the allocated bitrate policy.

DVB SimulCrypt logging options

--log-data[=level]

Same as --log-protocol but applies to data_provision messages only.

To debug the session management without being flooded by data messages, use --log-protocol=info --log-data=debug.

--log-protocol[=level]

A level can be a numerical debug level or any of the following: fatal, severe, error, warning, info, verbose, debug.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.14. decap

Decapsulate TS packets from a PID produced by the encap plugin

This plugin is the counterpart of the encap plugin. It decapsulates the original TS packets from a "tunnel PID" which was created by encap. See the documentation of the encap plugin for more details.

The decapsulated packets replace the tunnel PID. Because of the encapsulation overhead, the total volume of decapsulated packets is slightly smaller (approximately 2%) than the encapsulation PID. The packets in excess are replaced by null packets after decapsulation.

Usage

$ tsp -P decap [options]

Options

-i
--ignore-errors

Ignore errors such as malformed encapsulated stream.

-p value
--pid value

Specify the input PID containing all encapsulated PID’s.

This is a mandatory parameter, there is no default.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.15. dektec (input)

Dektec DTA-1xx and DTU-2xx ASI, GigE and demodulator devices

This input plugin receives packets from a Dektec DTA-1xx or DTU-2xx DVB-ASI or demodulator device.

Using this plugin forces tsp and all plugins to use their real-time defaults (see the reference documentation for tsp).

Restrictions

This plugin is available on Linux and Windows only, Intel processors only. Dektec provides no software support on macOS and other processors. Moreover, this plugin may be unavailable on some Linux distributions since it integrates a closed-source library from Dektec, which is prohibited by the policy of some distributions.

TSDuck manipulates transport stream packets only. Consequently, this plugin only supports input/output modes which process MPEG-TS packets. Some Dektec devices support other modes such as SDI, HDMI, ATSC-3.0 which handle other formats. These modes cannot be used with TSDuck.

Usage

$ tsp -I dektec [options]

General options

-c value
--channel value

Channel index on the input Dektec device. By default, use the first input channel on the device.

-d value
--device value

Device index, from 0 to N-1 (with N being the number of Dektec devices in the system). Use the command tsdektec -a to have a complete list of devices in the system.

By default, use the first input Dektec device.

--fifo-size value

Set the reception FIFO size in bytes of the input channel in the Dektec device.

The default value depends on the device type.

--io-standard name

Specify the I/O standard to use on the device port. This option applies to multi-standard ports such as ASI/SDI ports. The list possible values for this option is given in the table below.

Which modes are supported in practice depend on the device model. See the Dektec documentation for more details.

Table 9. Values for option `--io-standard` (`dektec` plugins)
Value	Description
`ASI`	DVB-ASI transport stream
`SPI`	DVB-SPI transport stream
`IF-AD-converter`	IF A/D converter
`IP`	Transport stream over IP
`dektec-streaming`	DekTec Streaming-data Interface
`demodulator`	Demodulator input
`modulator`	Modulator output

--preload-fifo

Wait for the reception FIFO (hardware buffer) to be half-full before starting reception.

-t value
--receive-timeout value

Specify the data reception timeout in milliseconds. This timeout applies to each receive operation, individually. By default, receive operations wait for data, possibly forever.

Demodulators options

The following options are used with Dektec demodulator devices.

--c2-bandwidth value

DVB-C2 demodulators: indicate the DVB-C2 bandwidth.

Must be one of 6-MHz, 8-MHz. The default is 8-MHz.

--code-rate value

For demodulator devices only: specify the code rate. The specified value depends on the modulation type.

DVB-S:

1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 5/6, 6/7, 7/8.

DVB-S2:

1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 2/3, 2/5, 3/4, 3/5, 4/5, 5/6, 6/7, 7/8, 8/9, 9/10.

DVB-T:

1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8.

The value auto can be used to automatically detect the code rate. This is the default.

--constellation value

DVB-T demodulators: indicate the constellation type.

Must be one of 16-QAM, 64-QAM, QPSK, auto.

The value auto can be used to automatically detect the constellation. This is the default.

--dvbt-bandwidth value

DVB-T/T2 demodulators: indicate the bandwidth in MHz. The default is 8 MHz.

Must be one of 1.7, 10, 5, 6, 7, 8. The bandwidth values 1.7, 5 and 10 MHz are valid for DVB-T2 only.

-f value
--frequency value

For demodulator devices only: specify the frequency, in Hz, of the input carrier. There is no default.

For DVB-S/S2 receivers, the specified frequency is the intermediate frequency. For convenience, the option --satellite-frequency can be used instead of --frequency when the intermediate frequency is unknown. When --frequency is used with DVB-S/S2, the original satellite frequency is unknown, it is impossible to determine if a high band is used and no "high band 22 kHz tone" is send to the LNB.

For DTA-2137 receivers, the valid range is 950 MHz to 2150 MHz (L Band).

--guard-interval value

DVB-T demodulators: indicate the guard interval.

Must be one of 1/16, 1/32, 1/4, 1/8, auto. The default is auto.

--isdbt-bandwidth value

ISDB-T demodulators: indicate the bandwidth in MHz.

Must be one of 5, 6, 7, 8. The default is 8 MHz.

--isdbt-segments value

ISDB-T demodulators: indicate the number of segments.

Must be one of 1, 3 or 13. The default is 1.

--isdbt-subchannel value

ISDB-T demodulators: indicate the sub-channel number (0 to 41) of the centre segment of the spectrum. The default is 22.

--j83 value

QAM demodulators: indicate the ITU-T J.83 annex to use. Must be one of A, B, C. A is DVB-C, B is "American QAM", C is "Japanese QAM". The default is A.

--lnb string

DVB-S/S2 receivers: description of the LNB which is used to convert the --satellite-frequency into an intermediate frequency. This option is useless when --satellite-frequency is not specified.

See section A.3 for more details.

-m value
--modulation value

For demodulators, indicate the modulation type. The supported modulation types depend on the device model. The default modulation type is DVB-S.

Must be one of ATSC-VSB, DAB, DVB-C2, DVB-S, DVB-S-QPSK (same as DVB-S), DVB-S2, DVB-S2-QPSK (same as DVB-S2), DVB-S2-8PSK, DVB-S2-16APSK, DVB-S2-32APSK, DVB-T, DVB-T2, ISDB-T, QAM (auto-detection of QAM type), 16-QAM, 32-QAM, 64-QAM, 128-QAM, 256-QAM.

--polarity value

DVB-S/S2 receivers: indicate the polarity.

Must be one of horizontal, vertical. The default is vertical.

--qam-b value

QAM demodulators: with --j83 B, indicate the QAM-B interleaver mode.

Must be one of I8-J16, I16-J8, I32-J4, I64-J2, I128-J1, I128-J1D, I128-J2, I128-J3, I128-J4, I128-J5, I128-J6, I128-J7, I128-J8, auto. The default is auto.

--satellite-frequency value

DVB-S/S2 receivers: indicate the target satellite frequency, in Hz, of the input carrier. The actual frequency at the input of the receiver is the intermediate frequency which is computed based on the characteristics of the LNB (see option --lnb). This option is useful when the satellite frequency is better known than the intermediate frequency.

The options --frequency and --satellite-frequency are mutually exclusive.

--satellite-number value

DVB-S/S2 receivers: indicate the satellite/dish number.

Must be 0 to 3 with DiSEqC switches and 0 to 1 for non-DiSEqC switches. The default is 0.

--symbol-rate value

DVB-C/S/S2 demodulators: Specify the symbol rate in symbols/second.

By default, automatically detect the symbol rate.

--t2-profile value

DVB-T2 demodulators: indicate the DVB-T2 profile.

Must be one of base, lite. The default is base.

--transmission-mode value

DVB-T demodulators: indicate the transmission mode.

Must be one of 2K, 8K, auto. The default is auto.

--vsb value

ATSC demodulators: indicate the VSB constellation.

Must be one of 8, 16. The default is 8.

TS-over-IP options

The following options are used with Dektec Ethernet devices.

--ip4 ipv4-address:port

TS-over-IP: Destination IPv4 address and port.

Either --ip4 or --ip6 must be specified with Dektec Ethernet devices. The address part is mandatory for multicast, optional for unicast.

With SMPTE 2022-7 network redundancy, this parameter can be specified twice, main and redundant link.

--ip6 [ipv6-address]:port

TS-over-IP: Destination IPv6 address and port.

Important: The square brackets are literal, as in any IPv6 URL, not an indication of an optional field.

Either --ip4 or --ip6 must be specified with Dektec Ethernet devices. The address part is mandatory for multicast, optional for unicast.

With SMPTE 2022-7 network redundancy, this parameter can be specified twice, main and redundant link.

--smpte-2022-fec

TS-over-IP: Use SMPTE-2022 error correction.

--ssm4-filter ipv4-address:port

TS-over-IP: Specify optional IPv4 source-specific multicast (SSM) filter.

The port number is optional. This option may be repeated to filter on multiple sources.

With SMPTE 2022-7 network redundancy, the same list of filters is used in both links.

--ssm6-filter [ipv6-address]:port

TS-over-IP: Specify optional IPv6 source-specific multicast (SSM) filter.

Important: The square brackets are literal, as in any IPv6 URL, not an indication of an optional field.

The port number is optional. This option may be repeated to filter on multiple sources.

With SMPTE 2022-7 network redundancy, the same list of filters is used in both links.

--vlan-id value

TS-over-IP: Optional VLAN identifier as specified in IEEE 802.1Q.

With SMPTE 2022-7 network redundancy, this parameter can be specified twice, main and redundant link.

Generic input plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all input plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.16. dektec (output)

Dektec DTA-1xx and DTU-2xx ASI, GigE and modulator devices

This output plugin sends packets to a DVB-ASI Dektec DTA-1xx or DTU-2xx device or a Dektec DTA-1xx modulator.

Using this plugin forces tsp and all plugins to use their real-time defaults (see the reference documentation for tsp).

Restrictions

Usage

$ tsp -O dektec [options]

Overview of options

For multi-standard modulators such as the DTA-115, the type of required modulation must be specified if it is different from the default modulation. See the table below for the default modulation type by device model.

Table 10. Dektec modulators default modulation types
Device model	Default modulation
DTA-107	DVB-S (QPSK)
DTA-107.S2	DVB-S2 (QPSK)
DTA-110	DVB-C (64-QAM)
DTA-110T	DVB-T
DTA-115	DVB-T

Depending on the type of output, the combination of required and optional options is different. See the next table for the applicability of options by modulation type. The modulation type is specified using option --modulation.

Table 11. Command line options for Dektec modulators
Modulation	Applicable options
All (common options)	`--bitrate --channel --device --stuffing --fifo-size`
DVB-ASI	`--204`
All except DVB-ASI	`--frequency --instant-detach --inversion --level --modulation --offset-count --uhf-channel --vhf-channel`
x-QAM	`--j83 --qam-b`
ADBT-T, DMB-T/H	`--bandwidth --dmb-constellation --dmb-fec --dmb-frame-numbering --dmb-header --dmb-interleaver --pilots`
ATSC	`--vsb --vsb-taps`
DVB-S	`--convolutional-rate --lnb --satellite-frequency --symbol-rate`
DVB-S2	`--convolutional-rate --lnb --pilots --roll-off --s2-gold-code --s2-short-fec-frame --satellite-frequency --symbol-rate`
DVB-T	`--bandwidth --cell-id --constellation --convolutional-rate --guard-interval --indepth-interleave --mpe-fec --time-slice --transmission-mode`
DVB-T2	`--bandwidth --bandwidth-extension --cell-id --fef --fef-interval --fef-length --fef-s1 --fef-s2 --fef-signal --fef-type --fft-mode --miso --papr --pilot-pattern --plp0-code-rate --plp0-fec-type --plp0-group-id --plp0-high-efficiency --plp0-id --plp0-il-length --plp0-il-type --plp0-in-band --plp0-issy --plp0-modulation --plp0-null-packet-deletion --plp0-rotation --plp0-tsrate --plp0-type --t2-fpsf --t2-guard-interval --t2-l1-modulation --t2-network-id --t2-system-id`

General options

--204

For DVB-ASI devices only: Send 204-byte packets (188 meaningful bytes plus 16 stuffing bytes for Reed-Solomon coding). By default, send 188-byte packets.

-b value
--bitrate value

Specify the output bitrate in bits/second.

This option is not mandatory but highly recommende to get a precise output. By default, use the input device bitrate or, if the input device cannot report bitrate, analyze some PCR’s at the beginning of the input stream to evaluate the original bitrate of the transport stream.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

-c value
--channel value

Channel index on the output Dektec device. By default, use the first output channel on the device.

-d value
--device value

Device index, from 0 to N-1 (with N being the number of Dektec devices in the system). Use the command tsdektec -a to have a complete list of devices in the system. By default, use the first output Dektec device.

--drop-to-maintain-preload

If the FIFO were preloaded, and maintaining the preload via option --maintain-preload, drop any packets that would exceed the preload FIFO size plus a small threshold.

--fifo-size value

Set the FIFO size in bytes of the output channel in the Dektec device. The default value depends on the device type.

--instant-detach

At end of stream, perform an instant detach of the output channel. The transmit FIFO is immediately cleared without waiting for all data to be transmitted. With some Dektec devices, the default mode may hang at end of stream and --instant-detach avoids this.

The options --instant-detach and --wait-detach are mutually exclusive.

--io-standard name

Specify the I/O standard to use on the device port. This option applies to multi-standard ports such as ASI/SDI ports. The list possible values for this option is given in the table below.

Which modes are supported in practice depend on the device model. See the Dektec documentation for more details.

Table 12. Values for option `--io-standard` (`dektec` plugins)
Value	Description
`ASI`	DVB-ASI transport stream
`SPI`	DVB-SPI transport stream
`IF-AD-converter`	IF A/D converter
`IP`	Transport stream over IP
`dektec-streaming`	DekTec Streaming-data Interface
`demodulator`	Demodulator input
`modulator`	Modulator output

--maintain-preload

If the FIFO were preloaded (see options --preload-fifo and --drop-to-maintain-preload), roughly maintain the FIFO buffer size in order to maintain the delay from real-time. If the FIFO size drops to zero bytes, pause transmission till it gets back to the preload FIFO size.

--power-mode value

DTU-315 modulators: set the power mode to the specified value.

Must be one of high-quality, low-power.

--preload-fifo

Preload FIFO (hardware buffer) before starting transmission.

Preloading the FIFO will introduce a variable delay to the start of transmission, if the delivery of packets to the plug-in is pre-regulated, based on the size of the FIFO, the TS bit rate, and the size of the FIFO to preload, as controlled by the --preload-fifo-percentage or --preload-fifo-delay options.

If the delivery of packets to the plug-in is not self-regulated (i.e. they are delivered faster than real-time, as might occur when loading from file), there is no benefit to preloading the FIFO, because in that case, the FIFO will fill up quickly anyway.

This option is implicitly set when using a modulator for output.

--preload-fifo-delay value

The use of this option indicates that the size of the FIFO to preload prior to starting transmission should be calculated based on the specified delay, in milliseconds, and the configured bit rate. That is, transmission will start after the specified delay worth of media has been preloaded.

This option takes precedence over the --preload-fifo-percentage option.

There is no default value, and the valid range is 100-100000.

--preload-fifo-percentage value

Percentage of size of FIFO to preload prior to starting transmission (default: 80%).

-s
*--stuffing

Automatically generate stuffing packets if tsp fails to provide packets fast enough.

This option applies only to ASI, SDI and hardware-based modulators (DVB-C, DVB-S). This option is ineffective on modulators which are partially software-based (DVB-T on DTA-110T or DTA-115).

--wait-detach

At end of stream, the plugin waits until all bytes in the transmit FIFO are sent. Some Dektec devices may hang on detach in that case. You should try first.

The options --instant-detach and --wait-detach are mutually exclusive.

Modulators options

The following options are used with Dektec modulator devices.

--bandwidth value

DVB-T/H, DVB-T2, ADTB-T and DMB-T/H modulators: indicate bandwidth in MHz.

Must be one of 1.7, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 10. The default is 8 MHz. The bandwidth values 1.7 and 10 MHz are valid for DVB-T2 only.

--bandwidth-extension

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate that the extended carrier mode is used.

By default, use normal carrier mode.

--carrier-only

Output the carrier frequency only, without modulated transport stream. All output packets are dropped.

Sample usage: To generate an empty carrier and wait forever, use the following command:

$ tsp --final-wait 0 -I null 1 -O dektec --carrier-only --frequency ...

This is a minimal command which generates only one input packet and then wait forever. Using the null input plugin alone would also work. However, it would saturate the CPU, looping on null packet generation, dropping them later. The above command just generates one packet (this is the required minimum to start the output plugin) and then does nothing except maintaining the output carrier frequency.

--cell-id value

DVB-T and DVB-T2 modulators: indicate the cell identifier to set in the transmission parameters signaling (TPS). Disabled by default with DVB-T. Default value is 0 with DVB-T2.

--constellation value

DVB-T modulators: indicate the constellation type. Must be one of QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM. The default is 64-QAM.

-r rate
--convolutional-rate rate

For modulators devices only: specify the convolutional rate. The specified value depends on the modulation type. The default is 3/4.

DVB-S:

1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 5/6, 6/7, 7/8.

DVB-S2:

1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 2/3, 2/5, 3/4, 3/5, 4/5, 5/6, 6/7, 7/8, 8/9, 9/10.

DVB-T:

1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8.

--dmb-constellation value

DMB-T/H, ADTB-T modulators: indicate the constellation type. Must be one of: 4-QAM-NR, 4-QAM, 16-QAM, 32-QAM, 64-QAM. The default is 64-QAM. 4-QAM-NR and 32-QAM can be used only with --dmb-fec 0.8.

--dmb-fec value

DMB-T/H, ADTB-T modulators: indicate the FEC code rate. Must be one of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8. The default is 0.8.

--dmb-frame-numbering

DMB-T/H, ADTB-T modulators: indicate to use frame numbering. The default is to use no frame numbering.

--dmb-header value

DMB-T/H, ADTB-T modulators: indicate the FEC frame header mode. Must be one of PN420, PN595 (ADTB-T only) or PN945. The default is PN945.

--dmb-interleaver value

DMB-T/H, ADTB-T modulators: indicate the interleaver mode. Must be one of 1 (B=54, M=240) or 2 (B=54, M=720). The default is 1.

--fef

DVB-T2 modulators: enable insertion of FEF (Future Extension Frames). Not enabled by default.

--fef-interval value

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate the number of T2 frames between two FEF parts. The valid range is 1 to 255 and --t2-fpsf shall be divisible by --fef-interval. The default is 1.

--fef-length value

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate the length of a FEF-part in number of T-units (= samples). The valid range is 0 to 0x3FFFFF. The default is 1.

--fef-s1 value

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate the S1-field value in the P1 signalling data. Valid values: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. The default is 2.

--fef-s2 value

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate the S2-field value in the P1 signalling data. Valid values: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15. The default is 1.

--fef-signal value

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate the type of signal generated during the FEF period. Must be one of 0 (zero I/Q samples during FEF), 1K (1K OFDM symbols with 852 active carriers containing BPSK symbols, same PRBS as the T2 dummy cells, not reset between symbols) or 1K-384 (1K OFDM symbols with 384 active carriers containing BPSK symbols). The default is 0.

--fef-type value

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate the FEF type. The valid range is 0 … 15. The default is 0.

--fft-mode value

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate the FFT mode. Must be one of 1K, 2K, 4K, 8K, 16K or 32K. The default is 32K.

-f value
--frequency value

For modulator devices only: specify the frequency, in Hz, of the output carrier. There is no default.

For OFDM modulators, the options --uhf-channel or --vhf-channel and --offset-count (optional) may be used instead.

For DVB-S/S2 modulators, the specified frequency is the intermediate frequency. For convenience, the option --satellite-frequency can be used instead of --frequency when the intermediate frequency is unknown.

For DTA-107 (DVB-S) modulators, the valid range is 950 MHz to 2150 MHz.

For DTA-110 (DVB-C) and 110T (DVB-T/H) modulators, the valid range is 400 MHz to 862 MHz.

For DTA-115 (DVB-C/T/H) modulators, the valid range is 47 MHz to 862 MHz.

-g value
--guard-interval value

DVB-T modulators: indicate the guard interval. Must be one of: 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4. The default is 1/32.

--hf-band-region name

Specify the region for UHF/VHF band frequency layout.

The default region is europe. Another default region may be specified per user in the TSDuck configuration file. See section A.4 for more details.

--indepth-interleave

DVB-T modulators: use in-depth interleave. The default is native interleave.

-i
--input-modulation

All modulators devices: try to guess default modulation parameters from input stream. All explicitely specified parameters override these defaults.

If the input plugin is dvb, use the modulation parameters of the input signal as default values for their counterparts in the Dektec modulator. On Linux systems, the actual modulation parameters of the input signal are used. On Windows systems, the DirectShow/BDA drivers cannot return the actual modulation parameters and only the user-specified parameters in the input plugin are used (they can be different from the actual parameters of the input signal).

With other input plugins, if the specified output modulation is DVB-T or DVB-T2, try to guess the following modulation parameters from the input bitrate: --bandwidth --constellation --convolutional-rate --guard-interval. When a specific bitrate can be produced by distinct combinations of modulation parameters, a deterministic order is applied to select the prefered combination.

--inversion

For modulators devices only: enable spectral inversion.

--j83 value

QAM modulators: indicate the ITU-T J.83 annex to use. Must be one of A (DVB-C), B (American QAM) or C (Japanese QAM). The default is A.

-l value
--level value

Modulators: indicate the output level in units of 0.1 dBm (e.g. --level -30 means -3 dBm). Not supported by all devices.

For DTA-107 modulators, the valid range is -47.0 to -27.0 dBm.

For DTA-115, QAM, the valid range is -35.0 to 0.0 dBm.

For DTA-115, OFDM, ISDB-T, the valid range is -38.0 to -3.0 dBm.

--lnb string

DVB-S/S2 modulators: description of the LNB which is used to convert the --satellite-frequency into an intermediate frequency. This option is useless when --satellite-frequency is not specified.

See xref:[xrefstyle=short] A.3 page 492 for more details.

--miso value

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate the MISO mode. Must be one of OFF, 1, 2 or BOTH. The default is OFF. This mode can be used to simulate antenna 1, antenna 2, or the average of antenna 1 and antenna 2 to simulate reception halfway between the antennas.

-m value
--modulation value

For modulators, indicate the modulation type. Must be one of: 4-QAM, 16-QAM, 32-QAM, 64-QAM, 128-QAM, 256-QAM, ADTB-T, ATSC-VSB, DMB-T, DVB-S, DVB-S-QPSK (same as DVB-S), DVB-S-BPSK, DVB-S2, DVB-S2-QPSK (same as DVB-S2), DVB-S2-8PSK, DVB-S2-16APSK, DVB-S2-32APSK, DVB-T, DVB-T2, ISDB-T. For DVB-H, specify DVB-T. For DMB-H, specify DMB-T.

The supported modulation types depend on the device model. See the table above for the default modulation type by device model.

--mpe-fec

DVB-T/H modulators: indicate that at least one elementary stream uses MPE-FEC (DVB-H signalling).

-o value
--offset-count value

UHF and VHF modulators: specify the number of offsets from the UHF or VHF channel. Can be positive or negative. The default is zero. See options --uhf-channel and --vhf-channel.

--papr value

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate the Peak to Average Power Reduction method. Must be one of NONE, ACE (Active Constellation Extension), TR (power reduction with reserved carriers) or BOTH (both ACE and TS). The default is NONE.

--pilots

DVB-S2 and ADTB-T modulators: enable pilots (default: no pilot).

-p value
--pilot-pattern value

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate the pilot pattern to use, a value in the range 1 to 8. The default is 7.

--plp0-code-rate value

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate the convolutional coding rate used by the PLP #0. Must be one of 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 5/6. The default is 2/3.

--plp0-fec-type value

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate the FEC type used by the PLP #0. Must be one of 16K, 64K. The default is 64K LPDC.

--plp0-group-id value

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate the PLP group with which the PLP #0 is associated. The valid range is 0 to 255. The default is 0.

--plp0-high-efficiency

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate that the PLP #0 uses High Efficiency Mode (HEM). Otherwise Normal Mode (NM) is used.

--plp0-id value

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate the unique identification of the PLP #0 within the T2 system. The valid range is 0 to 255. The default is 0.

--plp0-il-length value

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate the time interleaving length for PLP #0. The valid range is 0 to 255. The default is 3.

If --plp0-il-type is set to ONE-TO-ONE (the default), this parameter specifies the number of TI-blocks per interleaving frame.

If --plp0-il-type is set to MULTI, this parameter specifies the number of T2 frames to which each interleaving frame is mapped.

--plp0-il-type value

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate the type of interleaving used by the PLP #0. Must be one of ONE-TO-ONE (one interleaving frame corresponds to one T2 frame) or MULTI (one interleaving frame is carried in multiple T2 frames). The default is ONE-TO-ONE.

--plp0-in-band

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate that the in-band flag is set and in-band signalling information is inserted in PLP #0.

--plp0-issy value

DVB-T2 modulators: type of ISSY field to compute and insert in PLP #0. Must be one of NONE, SHORT, LONG. The default is NONE.

--plp0-modulation value

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate the modulation used by PLP #0. Must be one of BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM. The default is 256-QAM.

--plp0-null-packet-deletion

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate that null-packet deletion is active in PLP #0. Otherwise it is not active.

--plp0-rotation

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate that constellation rotation is used for PLP #0. Otherwise not.

--plp0-tsrate value

DVB-T2 modulators: PLP #0 bitrate. The default is 0 (use all available).

--plp0-type value

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate the PLP type for PLP #0. Must be one of COMMON, 1, 2. The default is COMMON.

-q value
--qam-b value

QAM modulators: with --j83 B, indicate the QAM-B interleaver mode. Must be one of: I128-J1D, I64-J2, I32-J4, I16-J8, I8-J16, I128-J1, I128-J2, I128-J3, I128-J4, I128-J5, I128-J6, I128-J7, I128-J8. The default is I128-J1D.

--roll-off value

DVB-S2/S2X modulators: indicate the roll-off factor. Must be one of 0.03, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.35, auto, none. The default is auto.

--s2-gold-code value

DVB-S2 modulators: indicate the physical layer scrambling initialization sequence, aka gold code.

--s2-short-fec-frame

DVB-S2 modulators: use short FEC frames, 12 000 bits (default: long FEC frames, 64 800 bits).

--satellite-frequency value

DVB-S/S2 modulators: indicate the target satellite frequency, in Hz, of the output carrier. The actual frequency at the output of the modulator is the intermediate frequency which is computed based on the characteristics of the LNB (see option --lnb). This option is useful when the satellite frequency is better known than the intermediate frequency.

The options --frequency and --satellite-frequency are mutually exclusive.

--symbol-rate value

DVB-C/S/S2 modulators: Specify the symbol rate in symbols/second.

By default, the symbol rate is implicitly computed from the convolutional rate, the modulation type and the bitrate. But when --symbol-rate is specified, the input bitrate is ignored and the output bitrate is forced to the value resulting from the combination of the specified symbol rate, convolutional rate and modulation type.

The options --symbol-rate and --bitrate are mutually exclusive.

--t2-fpsf value

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate the number of T2 frames per super-frame. Must be in the range 1 to 255. The default is 2.

--t2-guard-interval value

DVB-T2 modulators: indicates the guard interval. Must be one of: 1/128, 1/32, 1/16, 19/256, 1/8, 19/128, 1/4. The default is 1/128.

--t2-l1-modulation value

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate the modulation type used for the L1-post signalling block. Must be one of BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM. The default is 16-QAM.

--t2-network-id value

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate the DVB-T2 network identification. The default is 0.

--t2-system-id value

DVB-T2 modulators: indicate the DVB-T2 system identification. The default is 0.

--time-slice

DVB-T/H modulators: indicate that at least one elementary stream uses time slicing (DVB-H signalling).

-t value
--transmission-mode value

DVB-T modulators: indicates the transmission mode. Must be one of 2K, 4K or 8K. The default is 8K.

-u value
--uhf-channel value

UHF modulators: specify the UHF channel number of the output carrier. Can be used in replacement to --frequency. Can be combined with an --offset-count option. The UHF frequency layout depends on the region, see --hf-band-region option.

-v value
--vhf-channel value

VHF modulators: specify the VHF channel number of the output carrier. Can be used in replacement to --frequency. Can be combined with an --offset-count option. The VHF frequency layout depends on the region, see --hf-band-region option.

--vsb value

ATSC modulators: indicate the VSB constellation. Must be one of 8 (19,392,658 Mb/s) or 16 (38,785,317 Mb/s). The default is 8.

--vsb-taps value

ATSC modulators: indicate the number of taps of each phase of the root-raised cosine filter that is used to shape the spectrum of the output signal. The number of taps can have any value between 2 and 256 (the implementation is optimized for powers of 2). Specifying more taps improves the spectrum, but increases processor overhead. The recommend (and default) number of taps is 64 taps. If insufficient CPU power is available, 32 taps produces acceptable results, too.

TS-over-IP options

The following options are used with Dektec Ethernet devices.

--gw4 ipv4-address

TS-over-IP: Specify a non-default IPv4 gateway address.

With SMPTE 2022-7 network redundancy, this parameter can be specified twice, main and redundant link.

--gw6 ipv6-address

TS-over-IP: Specify a non-default IPv6 gateway address.

With SMPTE 2022-7 network redundancy, this parameter can be specified twice, main and redundant link.

--ip4 ipv4-address:port

TS-over-IP: Destination IPv4 address and port.

Either --ip4 or --ip6 must be specified with Dektec Ethernet devices. The address part is mandatory for multicast, optional for unicast.

With SMPTE 2022-7 network redundancy, this parameter can be specified twice, main and redundant link.

--ip6 [ipv6-address]:port

TS-over-IP: Destination IPv6 address and port.

Important: The square brackets are literal, as in any IPv6 URL, not an indication of an optional field.

Either --ip4 or --ip6 must be specified with Dektec Ethernet devices. The address part is mandatory for multicast, optional for unicast.

With SMPTE 2022-7 network redundancy, this parameter can be specified twice, main and redundant link.

--rtp

TS-over-IP: Use RTP protocol. By default, TS packets are sent in UDP datagrams without RTP or other protocol header.

--smpte-2022-fec type

TS-over-IP: Specify type of SMPTE-2022 error correction mode to use. Must be one of 2d-m1, 2d-m1-b, 2d-m2, 2d-m2-b or none. The default is none.

--smpte-2022-d value

TS-over-IP with SMPTE-2022 error correction: Specify the number of rows in the FEC matrix, aka 'D' parameter.

--smpte-2022-l value

TS-over-IP with SMPTE-2022 error correction: Specify the number of columns in the FEC matrix, aka 'L' parameter.

--source-port value

TS-over-IP: Optional UDP source port for outgoing packets. By default, use a random port.

With SMPTE 2022-7 network redundancy, this parameter must be specified twice, main and redundant link.

--tos value

TS-over-IP: Type-of-service (TOS) or differentiated services value of outgoing IP datagrams.

--ts-per-ip value

TS-over-IP: Number of TS packets per IP datagram. The default is 7.

--ttl value

TS-over-IP: Time-to-live (TTL) value of outgoing IP datagrams.

--vlan-id value

TS-over-IP: Optional VLAN identifier as specified in IEEE 802.1Q.

With SMPTE 2022-7 network redundancy, this parameter can be specified twice, main and redundant link.

--vlan-priority value

TS-over-IP: Optional VLAN priority code point as specified in IEEE 802.1Q.

With SMPTE 2022-7 network redundancy, this parameter can be specified twice, main and redundant link.

Generic output plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all output plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.17. descrambler

Generic DVB descrambler

This plugin descrambles fixed PID’s with fixed control words.

As a demo, it can also descramble services for which clear ECM’s were generated using the utility named tsecmg, a DVB SimulCrypt-compliant ECMG for test and demo.

Usage

$ tsp -P descrambler [options] [service]

Parameter

service

The optional parameter specifies the service to descramble.

If no fixed control word is specified, ECM’s from the service are used to extract control words.

In the absence of explicit option such as --atis-idsa, --dvb-cissa, --aes-cbc or --dvb-csa2, the descrambling type is based on the scrambling_descriptor in the PMT of the service (if there is one).

Options

--cas-id value

Specify the CA_system_id to filter when searching for ECM streams. Since this descrambler is a demo tool using clear ECM’s, it is unlikely that other real ECM streams exist. So, by default, any ECM stream is used to get the clear ECM’s.

-p pid1[-pid2]
--pid pid1[-pid2]

Descramble packets with these PID values. Several --pid options may be specified. By default, descramble the specified service.

--swap-cw

Swap even and odd control words from the ECM. Useful when a crazy ECMG inadvertently swapped the CW before generating the ECM.

--synchronous

Specify to synchronously decipher the ECM’s.

In real-time mode, the processing of packets continues in parallel while ECM’s are deciphered. Use this option to force the stream processing to wait for ECM’s at the point where the each ECM is received.

In offline mode, this option is always on. This is usually the right thing to do. Otherwise, if an ECM takes too long to be deciphered, the stream processing may reach the next crypto-period before the control word is available.

This plugin only processes clear ECM’s as generated by tsecmg. These ECM’s are not ciphered and their processing is immediate. So, this option is useless in practice. However, this plugin is based on a generic descrambler implementation. For other conditional access systems, processing an ECM may be delegated to a smartcard and take a relatively long time. So, this option can be useful in that case.

Transport stream scrambling options

--aes-cbc

Use AES-CBC scrambling instead of DVB-CSA2 (the default).

The control words are 16-byte long instead of 8-byte. The residue is left clear. Specify a fixed initialization vector using the --iv option.

Note that this is a non-standard TS scrambling mode. The only standard AES-based scrambling modes are ATIS-IDSA and DVB-CISSA (DVB-CISSA is the same as AES-CBC with a DVB-defined IV).

With the plugin scrambler, a scrambling_descriptor is automatically added to the PMT of the service to indicate the use of AES-CBC scrambling. Since there is no standard value for AES-CBC, the user-defined scrambling_mode value 0xF0 is used.

--aes-ctr

Use AES-CTR scrambling instead of DVB-CSA2 (the default).

The control words are 16-byte long instead of 8-byte. The residue is included in the scrambling. Specify a fixed initialization vector using the --iv option. See the option --ctr-counter-bits for the size of the counter part in the IV.

Note that this is a non-standard TS scrambling mode. The only standard AES-based scrambling modes are ATIS-IDSA and DVB-CISSA.

With the plugin scrambler, a scrambling_descriptor is automatically added to the PMT of the service to indicate the use of AES-CTR scrambling. Since there is no standard value for AES-CTR, the user-defined scrambling_mode value 0xF1 is used.

--atis-idsa

Use ATIS-IDSA descrambling (ATIS-0800006) instead of DVB-CSA2 (the default).

The control words are 16-byte long instead of 8-byte.

--ctr-counter-bits value

With --aes-ctr, specifies the size in bits of the counter part.

In the initialization vector, the fixed nonce part uses the first 128-N bits and the counter part uses the last N bits.

By default, the counter part uses the second half of the IV (64 bits).

-c hexa-digits
--cw hexa-digits

Specifies a fixed and constant control word for all TS packets (no crypto-period scheduling, no ECM).

The value must be a string of 16 hexadecimal digits (32 digits with --atis-idsa, --dvb-cissa, --aes-cbc, --aes-ctr).

--dvb-cissa

Use DVB-CISSA descrambling (see [ETSI-103-127]) instead of DVB-CSA2 (the default).

The control words are 16-byte long instead of 8-byte.

--dvb-csa2

Use DVB-CSA2 descrambling. This is the default.

-f name
--cw-file name

Specifies a text file containing the list of control words to apply. Each line of the file must contain exactly 16 hexadecimal digits (32 digits with --atis-idsa, --dvb-cissa, --aes-cbc, --aes-ctr).

During descrambling, the next control word is used each time a new transport_scrambling_control value is found in the header of a TS packet. At the end of the list of control words, restart with the first one.

--iv hexa-digits

With --aes-cbc or --aes-ctr, specifies a fixed initialization vector for all TS packets.

The value must be a string of 32 hexadecimal digits. The default IV is all zeroes.

-n
--no-entropy-reduction

Do not perform DVB-CSA2 control word entropy reduction to 48 bits, keep full 64-bit control words. This option is ignored with other encryption algorithms.

--output-cw-file name

Specifies a text file to create with all control words. Each line of the file will contain a control word with 16 or 32 hexadecimal digits, depending on the scrambling algorithm. Each time a new control word is used to descramble packets, it is logged in the file.

This option is specifically useful when the control words are dynamically extracted from ECM’s. The created file can be used later using --cw-file to perform a direct descrambling test.

Interpretation of the transport stream content

These options controls the peculiarities of local Digital TV standards and how they are used.

--brazil

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-ISO-8859-15 . This is a handy shortcut when working on South American ISDB-Tb transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--default-charset name

Default character set to use when interpreting strings from tables and descriptors. By default, the standard DVB encoding is used. See section 2.5 for more details.

--europe

A synonym for --default-charset ISO-8859-15. . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--japan

A synonym for --default-charset ARIB-STD-B24 . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--philippines

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-UTF-8 . This is a handy shortcut when working on Philippines transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.18. drop (output)

Drop output packets

This output plugin simply drops all packets. This plugin is useful when the interesting work is done by the various packet processing plugins and the actual output packets are useless.

Usage

$ tsp -O drop [options]

Generic output plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all output plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.19. dump

Dump transport stream packets

This plugin is equivalent to the command tsdump.

Usage

$ tsp -P dump [options]

General options

-o file-name
--output-file file-name

Output file for dumped packets. By default, use the standard output.

The options --log and --output-file are mutually exclusive.

Packet dump options

--adaptation-field

Include formatting of the adaptation field.

-a
--ascii

Include ASCII dump in addition to hexadecimal.

-b
--binary

Include binary dump in addition to hexadecimal.

-h
--headers-only

Dump packet headers only, not payload.

-l
--log

Display a short one-line log of each packet instead of full dump.

--log-size value

With option --log, specify how many bytes are displayed in each packet.

The default is 188 bytes (complete packet).

-n
--nibble

Same as --binary but add separator between 4-bit nibbles.

--no-headers

Do not display packet header information.

-o
--offset

Display offset from start of packet with hexadecimal dump.

--payload

Hexadecimal dump of TS payload only, skip TS header.

-p pid1[-pid2]
--pid pid1[-pid2]

Dump only packets with these PID values. Several --pid options may be specified.

By default, all packets are displayed.

--rs204

Dump the 16-byte trailer as found in RS204 files.

Interpretation of the transport stream content

These options controls the peculiarities of local Digital TV standards and how they are used.

--abnt

Assume that the transport stream is an ISDB one with ABNT-defined variants. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--atsc

Assume that the transport stream is an ATSC one. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--brazil

A synonym for --isdb --abnt . This is a handy shortcut when working on South American ISDB-Tb transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--dvb

Assume that the transport stream is a DVB one. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--europe

A synonym for --dvb . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--ignore-leap-seconds

Do not explicitly include leap seconds in some UTC computations. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--isdb

--japan

A synonym for --isdb . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--philippines

A synonym for --isdb --abnt . This is a handy shortcut when working on Philippines transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--usa

A synonym for --atsc . This is a handy shortcut when working on North American transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.20. duplicate

Duplicate PID’s, reusing null packets

This plugin duplicates the content of several PID’s into new PID’s. The duplicated packets are created by replacing existing null packets. The input stream shall consequently contain at least as many null packets as packets to duplicate.

Usage

$ tsp -P duplicate [options] [pid[-pid]=newpid ...]

Parameters

pid[-pid]=newpid

Each PID duplication is specified as pid=newpid or pid1-pid2=newpid. All PID’s can be specified as decimal or hexadecimal values. More than one PID duplication can be specified.

In the first form, the PID pid is duplicated as newpid.

In the second form, all PID’s within the range pid1 to pid2 (inclusive) are respectively duplicated as newpid, newpid+1, etc. (this behaviour is changed using option --single).

The null PID 0x1FFF cannot be duplicated.

Options

-d
--drop-overflow

Silently drop overflow packets. By default, overflow packets trigger warnings.

See also option --max-buffered-packets.

-m value
--max-buffered-packets value

Specify the maximum number of buffered packets. The input packets to duplicate are internally buffered until a null packet is found and replaced by the buffered packet. An overflow is usually caused by insufficient null packets in the input stream.

The default is 1,024 packets.

--reset-label label1[-label2]

Clear the specified labels on the duplicated packets.

Several --reset-label options may be specified.

--set-label label1[-label2]

Set the specified labels on the duplicated packets.

Several --set-label options may be specified.

-s
--single

When a duplication is in the form pid1-pid2=newpid, duplicate all input PID’s within the range pid1 to pid2 to the same newpid value, not newpid, newpid+1, etc.

This option forces --unchecked since distinct PID’s are duplicated to the same one.

-u
--unchecked

Do not perform any consistency checking while duplicating PID’s. Duplicating two PID’s to the same PID or to a PID which is already present in the input is accepted.

Note that this option should be used with care since the resulting stream can be illegal or inconsistent.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.21. dvb (input)

DVB, ATSC, ISDB tuner receivers input

This input plugin receives TS packets from a tuner receiver device. These devices include a wide range of satellite, cable and terrestrial adapters. Most of them are simple tuners. See section 7.1 for more details on tuner receiver devices.

Using this plugin forces tsp and all plugins to use their real-time defaults (see the reference documentation for tsp).

This plugin originally supported DVB receivers only. Later, support was added for ATSC and ISDB receivers, but the plugin retained its original name dvb.

Usage

$ tsp -I dvb [options]

Reception options

-a N
--adapter N

Specify the N^th tuner device in the system, the first index being zero. This option can be used instead of device name.

On Linux systems, this means /dev/dvb/adapterN.

-d "name"
--device-name "name"

Specify the name of the receiver device to use. Use the tslsdvb utility to list all available devices.

By default, the first receiver device is used. The syntax of the device name depends on the operating system. See section 7.1.3 for more details on receiver devices naming.

The specified name can also be the path of an XML file (a file name ending in .xml) which is used as tuner emulator. See section 7.1.4 for more details on tuner emulators.

--lnb string

For satellite reception, specifies the description of the LNB (Low-Noise Block in the dish). See section A.3 for more details.

--receive-timeout milliseconds

Specify the timeout, in milliseconds, for each receive operation. To disable the timeout and wait indefinitely for packets, specify zero. This is the default.

--signal-timeout seconds

Specify the timeout, in seconds, for the DVB frontend signal locking. If no signal is detected within this timeout, the command aborts. To disable the timeout and wait indefinitely for the signal, specify zero. The default is 5 seconds.

Linux-specific options

--demux-buffer-size value

Default buffer size, in bytes, of the demux device. The default is 1 MB.

Windows-specific options

--demux-queue-size value

Specify the maximum number of media samples in the queue between the DirectShow capture thread and the input plugin thread. The default is 1000 media samples.

--receiver-name "name"

Specify the name of the DirectShow receiver filter to use.

By default, first try a direct connection from the tuner filter to the rest of the graph. Then, try all receiver filters and concatenate them all.

Status reporting options

Using these options, it is possible to send a status report of the reception at regular interval. The status report is in JSON format and can be displayed or sent over UDP or TCP.

--json-interval seconds

With --json-line, --json-tcp, --json-udp, specify the interval between two status reports.

The default is 60 seconds.

--json-buffer-size value

With --json-tcp or --json-udp, specify the network socket send buffer size.

--json-line[='prefix']

Same as --json but report the JSON text as one single line in the message logger instead of fully formatted output file.

The optional string parameter specifies a prefix to prepend on the log line before the JSON text to facilitate the filtering of the appropriate line in the logs.

--json-tcp address:port

Same as --json but report the JSON text as one single line in a TCP connection instead of the output file.

The address specifies an IP address or a host name that translates to an IP address. The port specifies the destination TCP port.

--json-tcp-keep

With --json-tcp, keep the TCP connection open for all JSON messages. By default, a new TCP connection is established each time a JSON message is produced.

--json-udp address:port

Same as --json but report the JSON text as one single line in a UDP datagram instead of the output file.

The address specifies an IP address which can be either unicast or multicast. It can be also a host name that translates to an IP address. The port specifies the destination UDP port.

Be aware that the size of UDP datagrams is limited by design to 64 kB. If larger JSON contents are expected, consider using --json-tcp.

--json-udp-local address

With --json-udp, when the destination is a multicast address, specify the IP address of the outgoing local interface. It can be also a host name that translates to a local address.

--json-udp-ttl value

Tuning options

By default, no tuning is performed on the DVB frontend. The transponder on which the frontend is currently tuned is used.

There are two ways to specify a new transponder:

Specifying individual tuning options, one for each tuning parameters. Common values are provided as default.
The name of a channel contained in the transponder, using a channels configuration file. See appendix B for more details on channels configuration files.

Tuning method 1: Individual tuning options

--bandwidth value

Used for terrestrial tuners only. Specify the bandwidth in Hz.

For compatibility with old versions, low values (below 1000) are interpreted in MHz. This means that values 8 and 8,000,000 are identical. Both mean 8 MHz.

The default is 8 MHz for DVB-T/T2 and 6 MHz for ISDB-T.

--delivery-system value

Specify which delivery system to use. Must be one of the following values:

Table 13. Values for option `--delivery-system` (tuner reception)
Value	Description	Supported options
`ATSC`	ATSC	`--frequency --modulation --spectral-inversion`
`ATSC-MH`	ATSC -M/H (handheld)	Unsupported
`CMMB`	CMMB Terrestrial	Unsupported
`DAB`	DAB (digital audio)	Unsupported
`DSS`	DSS Satellite	Unsupported
`DTMB`	DTMB Terrestrial	Unsupported
`DVB-C`	DVB-C (same as `DVB-C/A`)	Same as `DVB-C/A`
`DVB-C/A`	DVB-C ITU-T J.83 Annex A	`--fec-inner --frequency --modulation --spectral-inversion --symbol-rate`
`DVB-C/B`	DVB-C ITU-T J.83 Annex B	Unsupported
`DVB-C/C`	DVB-C ITU-T J.83 Annex C	Same as DVB-C/A
`DVB-C2`	DVB-C2	Unsupported
`DVB-H`	DVB-H (deprecated)	Unsupported
`DVB-S`	DVB-S	`--fec-inner --frequency --polarity --satellite-number --spectral-inversion --symbol-rate`
`DVB-S-Turbo`	DVB-S Turbo	Unsupported
`DVB-S2`	DVB-S2	`--fec-inner --frequency --isi --modulation --pilots --pls-code --pls-mode --polarity --roll-off --satellite-number --spectral-inversion --symbol-rate`
`DVB-T`	DVB-T	`--bandwidth --frequency --guard-interval --hierarchy --high-priority-fec --low-priority-fec --modulation --spectral-inversion --transmission-mode`
`DVB-T2`	DVB-T2	`--bandwidth --frequency --guard-interval --hierarchy --high-priority-fec --low-priority-fec --modulation --plp --spectral-inversion --transmission-mode`
`ISDB-C`	ISDB-C	Unsupported
`ISDB-S`	ISDB-S	`--fec-inner --frequency --polarity --satellite-number --spectral-inversion --stream-id --symbol-rate`
`ISDB-T`	ISDB-T	`--bandwidth --frequency --guard-interval --isdbt-layer-a-fec --isdbt-layer-a-modulation --isdbt-layer-a-segment-count --isdbt-layer-a-time-interleaving --isdbt-layer-b-fec --isdbt-layer-b-modulation --isdbt-layer-b-segment-count --isdbt-layer-b-time-interleaving --isdbt-layer-c-fec --isdbt-layer-c-modulation --isdbt-layer-c-segment-count --isdbt-layer-c-time-interleaving --sb-segment-count --sb-segment-index --sb-subchannel-id --sound-broadcasting --spectral-inversion --transmission-mode`
`undefined`	Undefined	Unsupported

Note that some delivery systems are not available on some operating systems.

By default, use the default system for the tuner.

--fec-inner value

Used for satellite and cable tuners only.

Specify the Inner Forward Error Correction. Must be one of none, auto, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 2/3, 2/5, 3/4, 3/5, 4/5, 4/15, 5/6, 5/9, 5/11, 6/7, 7/8, 7/9, 7/15, 8/9, 8/15, 9/10, 9/20, 11/15, 11/20, 11/45, 13/18, 13/45, 14/45, 23/36, 25/36, 26/45, 28/45, 32/45, 77/90.

The default is auto.

-f value
--frequency value

Specify the carrier frequency in Hz (all tuners).

For DVB-T tuners, the options --uhf-channel or --vhf-channel (and associated optional --offset-count) can be used instead of --frequency.

--guard-interval value

Used for terrestrial tuners only.

Must be one of auto, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, 1/64, 1/128, 19/128, 19/256, PN-420, PN-595, PN-945.

The default is 1/32.

--hierarchy value

Used for DVB-T tuners only.

Must be one of auto, none, 1, 2, 4. The default is none.

--high-priority-fec value

Used for DVB-T tuners only.

Error correction for high priority streams. See option --fec-inner for the list of possible values. The default is auto.

--isdbt-layer-a-fec value

Used for ISDB-T tuners only.

Error correction for layer A. See option --fec-inner for the list of possible values. The default is auto.

--isdbt-layer-a-modulation value

Used for ISDB-T tuners only.

Modulation for layer A. The default is automatically detected. See option --modulation for the list of possible values.

--isdbt-layer-a-segment-count value

Used for ISDB-T tuners only.

Number of segments for layer A. Possible values: 0 to 13. The default is automatically detected.

--isdbt-layer-a-time-interleaving value

Used for ISDB-T tuners only.

Time interleaving for layer A. Possible values: 0 to 3. The default is automatically detected.

--isdbt-layer-b-fec value

Used for ISDB-T tuners only.

Error correction for layer B. The default is automatically detected. See option --fec-inner for the list of possible values.

--isdbt-layer-b-modulation value

Used for ISDB-T tuners only.

Modulation for layer B. The default is automatically detected. See option --modulation for the list of possible values.

--isdbt-layer-b-segment-count value

Used for ISDB-T tuners only.

Number of segments for layer B. Possible values: 0 to 13. The default is automatically detected.

--isdbt-layer-b-time-interleaving value

Used for ISDB-T tuners only.

Time interleaving for layer B. Possible values: 0 to 3. The default is automatically detected.

--isdbt-layer-c-fec value

Used for ISDB-T tuners only.

Error correction for layer C. The default is automatically detected. See option --fec-inner for the list of possible values.

--isdbt-layer-c-modulation value

Used for ISDB-T tuners only.

Modulation for layer C. The default is automatically detected. See option --modulation for the list of possible values.

--isdbt-layer-c-segment-count value

Used for ISDB-T tuners only.

Number of segments for layer C. Possible values: 0 to 13. The default is automatically detected.

--isdbt-layer-c-time-interleaving value

Used for ISDB-T tuners only.

Time interleaving for layer C. Possible values: 0 to 3. The default is automatically detected.

--isdbt-layers 'string'

Used for ISDB-T tuners only.

Hierarchical reception in ISDB-T is achieved by enabling or disabling layers in the decoding process. The specified string contains a combination of characters A, B, C, indicating which layers shall be used. The default is ABC (all layers).

--isdbt-partial-reception

Used for ISDB-T tuners only.

Specify that the reception of the ISDB-T channel is in partial reception mode. The default is automatically detected.

--isi value

Used for DVB-S2 tuners only.

Specify the Input Stream Id (ISI) number to select, from 0 to 255. Used with multi-stream, see also options --pls-code and --pls-mode.

The default is to keep the entire stream, without multi-stream selection.

Warning: this option is supported on Linux only. Currently, Windows provides no support for multi-stream.

--low-priority-fec value

Used for DVB-T tuners only.

Error correction for low priority streams. See option --fec-inner for the list of possible values. The default is auto.

-m value
--modulation value

Used for DVB-C, DVB-T, DVB-S2 and ATSC tuners.

Modulation type (a.k.a. constellation for DVB-T).

Must be one of 4-QAM-NR, 8-APSK-L, 8-PSK, 8-VSB, 16-APSK, 16-APSK-L, 16-QAM, 16-VSB, 32-APSK, 32-APSK-L, 32-QAM, 64-APSK, 64-APSK-L, 64-QAM, 128-QAM, 256-QAM, 1024-QAM, 4096-QAM, DQPSK, QAM (auto-detected QAM), QPSK.

The default is 64-QAM for DVB-T and DVB-C, QPSK for DVB-S2, 8-VSB for ATSC.

--offset-count value

Used for terrestrial tuners only.

Specify the number of offsets from the UHF or VHF channel. The default is zero. See options --uhf-channel and --vhf-channel.

--pilots value

Used for DVB-S2 tuners only.

Presence of pilots frames. Must be one of auto, on or off. The default is off.

--plp value

Used for DVB-T2 tuners only.

Specify the Physical Layer Pipe (PLP) number to select, from 0 to 255. The default is to keep the entire stream, without PLP selection.

--pls-code value

Used for DVB-S2 tuners only.

Specify the Physical Layer Scrambling (PLS) code value, from 0 to 262143 (0x3FFFF). Used with multi-stream, see also option --isi.

With GOLD mode (the default), the default PLS code is zero. With ROOT mode, there is no default, the PLS code must be specified.

Warning: this option is supported on Linux only. Currently, Windows provides no support for multi-stream.

--pls-mode mode

Used for DVB-S2 tuners only.

Specify the Physical Layer Scrambling (PLS) mode. Used with multi-stream, see also option --isi. Must be one of GOLD, ROOT. The default is GOLD.

Warning: this option is supported on Linux only. Currently, Windows provides no support for multi-stream.

--polarity value

Used for satellite tuners only.

Must be one of horizontal or vertical for linear polarization, left or right for circular polarization. The default is vertical.

--roll-off value

Used for DVB-S2 tuners only.

Roll-off factor. Must be one of auto, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.35. The default is 0.35 (implicit for DVB-S, default for DVB-S2).

--satellite-number value

Used for satellite tuners only.

Satellite/dish number. Must be 0 to 3 with DiSEqC switches and 0 to 1 for non-DiSEqC switches. The default is zero.

--sb-segment-count value

Used for ISDB-T tuners only.

With --sound-broadcasting, specify the total count of connected ISDB-Tsb channels. Possible values: 1 to 13. The default is 13.

--sb-segment-index value

Used for ISDB-T tuners only.

With --sound-broadcasting, specify the index of the segment to be demodulated for an ISDB-Tsb channel where several of them are transmitted in the connected manner. Possible values: 0 to value of --sb-segment-count minus 1. The default is 0.

--sb-subchannel-id value

Used for ISDB-T tuners only.

With --sound-broadcasting, specify the sub-channel id of the segment to be demodulated in the ISDB-Tsb channel. Possible values: 0 to 41. The default is 0.

--sound-broadcasting

Used for ISDB-T tuners only.

Specify that the reception is an ISDB-Tsb (sound broadcasting) channel instead of an ISDB-T one.

--spectral-inversion value

Spectral inversion. Must be one of on, off, auto. The default is auto.

--stream-id value

Used for ISDB-S tuners only.

In the case of multi-stream broadcasting, specify the inner transport stream id. By default, use the first inner transport stream, if any is found.

Warning: this option is supported on Linux only. Currently, Windows provides no support for multi-stream.

-s value
--symbol-rate value

Used for satellite and cable tuners only.

Symbol rate in symbols/second. The default is 27.5 mega-symbols/second for DVB-S, 6.9 mega-symbols/second for DVB-C, 28.86 mega-symbols/second for ISDB-S.

--transmission-mode value

Used for terrestrial tuners only.

Must be one of auto, 2K, 4K, 8K. For DVB-T2, also accept 1K, 2K-interleaved, 4K-interleaved, 16K, 32K. The default is 8K.

--uhf-channel value

Used for terrestrial tuners only.

Specify the UHF channel number of the carrier. Can be used in replacement to --frequency. Can be combined with an --offset-count option. The UHF frequency layout depends on the region, see --hf-band-region option.

--vhf-channel value

Used for terrestrial tuners only.

Specify the VHF channel number of the carrier. Can be used in replacement to --frequency. Can be combined with an --offset-count option. The VHF frequency layout depends on the region, see --hf-band-region option.

Tuning method 2: Locating the transponder by channel name

-c name
--channel-transponder name

Tune to the transponder containing the specified channel. The channel name is not case-sensitive and blanks are ignored. It is either an "HF band channel" or a "TV channel".

A "HF band channel" has the format band-number such as UHF-22 (terrestrial) or BS-12 (Japanese satellite). See also option --offset-count.

A "TV channel" name is searched in a channels configuration file and the corresponding tuning information in this file is used. See also option --tuning-file.

For ATSC networks, the channel name can be replaced by the channel id using the format major-id.minor-id (e.g. 1.2 or 12.8).

--tuning-file file-name

Specify the channels configuration file to use for option --channel-transponder.

Channel configuration files can be created manually or using the utility tsscan or the plugin nitscan. The location of the default configuration file depends on the system.

See appendix B for more details on channels configuration files.

Interpretation of the transport stream content

These options controls the peculiarities of local Digital TV standards and how they are used.

--brazil

A synonym for --hf-band-region brazil . This is a handy shortcut when working on South American ISDB-Tb transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--hf-band-region name

--japan

A synonym for --hf-band-region japan . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--philippines

A synonym for --hf-band-region philippines . This is a handy shortcut when working on Philippines transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--usa

A synonym for --hf-band-region usa . This is a handy shortcut when working on North American transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

Generic input plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all input plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.22. eit

Analyze EIT sections

This plugin analyzes EIT sections and produces a report of EIT present/following and EIT schedule by transport stream and by service. The EPG depth in days is also reported by service (number of days in advance an event is signaled by an EIT schedule). See section 5.2.16 for an example of report.

Usage

$ tsp -P eit [options]

Options

-o file-name
--output-file file-name

Specify the output file for the report (default: standard output).

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.23. eitinject

Generate and inject EIT’s in a transport stream

This plugin generates EIT’s from a database of events and injects those EIT’s on time in the transport stream. The plugin can selectively generate "EIT actual" and/or "EIT other" and "EIT present/following" (or "p/f") and/or "EIT schedule".

EIT’s are "injected" in the transport stream by replacing null packets or pre-existing EIT packets. All EIT’s are injected by default in the DVB-defined PID for EIT’s, the PID number 18 (see also option --pid). There must be enough null or EIT packets to replace, otherwise EIT’s won’t be correctly injected or not injected at all.

The events can be loaded at any time but the actual EIT injection can start only when the actual transport stream id and the current time reference are known. The actual transport stream id is required to determine if events for a given service shall be included in EIT actual or EIT other. The current time is required to generate EIT p/f on time and drop obsolete events from EIT schedule. The organization of EIT schedule table ids also depends on the current date.

By default, the actual transport stream id is extracted from the first PAT. The current time is permanently resynchronized on TDT and TOT. See also options --ts-id and --time.

Note that the concept of "current time" is always relative to the transport stream. It is possible to inject EIT’s in a transport stream file at the speed of file read/write. The "current time" of a packet (for EIT generation and insertion) is based on the last reference (typically from a TDT or TOT), the transport stream bitrate and the number of packets since the last reference.

Electronic Program Guide (EPG) database

The events are loaded in an EPG database in memory. There are several sources for events: files and incoming EIT’s (from the TS upstream).

Event files shall contain EIT tables or sections in binary, XML or JSON format. The organization of events in the EIT’s and the type of EIT’s are ignored. Only the events descriptions and the DVB triplets (service id, transport stream id and original network id) are important, all the rest is ignored.

When event files are loaded or when incoming EIT’s are received, all events are individually extracted and stored in the EPG database in memory. The EIT encapsulation is just a convenient pre-existing format to store events, nothing more.

Events are reorganized by the plugin eitinject and new EIT’s are recreated when necessary with the stored events.

The event input files can be specified using wildcards (be sure to use quotes in order to avoid the interpretation of the wildcards by the shell). The plugin eitinject polls the corresponding files at regular intervals. Whenever a file matching the wildcards is created or updated, the file is loaded. Existing events with unmodified content are ignored.

Let’s take an example. Consider the following command:

$ tsp ... -P eitinject --file '/home/epg/input/*.xml' --delete-files ...

Each time XML files are copied into the directory /home/epg/input, they are loaded and all events from all EIT’s in those files are processed. Most of the time, "processed" means loaded and added in the EPG database (see an exception in the next section on event deletion).

Each XML files is then deleted after being loaded (option --delete-files).

Note the quotes in '/home/epg/input/*.xml'. Without them, the shell would expand the wildcard with all existing XML files in directory /home/epg/input. The plugin eitinject would then only consider these files, those which existed at the time the command was started. With the quotes, the shell does not expand the wildcard and the raw string with *.xml is passed to the plugin and all present and future XML files in that directory will be loaded.

Consider the following XML file:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<tsduck>
  <EIT service_id="1" transport_stream_id="4" original_network_id="1">

    <event event_id="1000" start_time="2020-07-01 00:10:00" duration="00:20:00">
      <short_event_descriptor language_code="foo">
        <event_name>Event 1000</event_name>
      </short_event_descriptor>
    </event>

    <event event_id="1001" start_time="2020-07-01 00:30:00" duration="00:30:00">
      <short_event_descriptor language_code="foo">
        <event_name>Event 1001</event_name>
      </short_event_descriptor>
    </event>

    <event event_id="1002" start_time="2020-07-01 01:00:00" duration="00:30:00">
      <short_event_descriptor language_code="foo">
        <event_name>Event 1002</event_name>
      </short_event_descriptor>
    </event>

  </EIT>
</tsduck>

When we copy this file into the directory /home/epg/input, three consecutive events are loaded into the EPG database. They are included in further EIT schedule for the service id 1 in transport stream with id 4. If some of these events become present or following in the service, they are immediately included in EIT p/f.

If the transport stream id of the TS is 4, the events are included in an EIT Actual. Otherwise, they are included in an EIT Other.

Deleting events from the EPG database

Events are automatically removed from the EPG database when they become obsolete (the current transport stream time goes beyong the end time of the event).

Deleting an event in advance is possible using the same type of files as used to load events. When an EIT is read from a XML or JSON file, if the metadata of that EIT contains attribute="delete", all events from that EIT are deleted from the EPG database (if they exist). These events are removed from the next EIT schedule or present/following for the corresponding period.

In EIT’s with metadata attribute="delete", only the event id is used in each event. Date, times and all descriptors are ignored. The events with the corresponding ids are searched in the EPG database and deleted. Nothing more.

See section D.1.2 for more details on metadata in XML or JSON tables.

Because metadata are not part of the table content, it is not possible to delete events using EIT binary files. Only XML and JSON representations can contain metadata for tables.

Using the example above, let’s assume that "Event 1001" needs to be cancelled before or during being broadcasted. To remove it from the EPG, simply copy the following XML file into the directory /home/epg/input:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<tsduck>
  <EIT service_id="1" transport_stream_id="4" original_network_id="1">
    <metadata attribute="delete"/>
    <event event_id="1001" start_time="2020-07-01 00:30:00" duration="00:30:00"/>
  </EIT>
</tsduck>

Because of the <metadata attribute="delete"/>, all events are deleted. Here, the event with id 1001 is deleted.

Note that the start time and duration attributes are here only because they are required by the syntax of the EIT. They are ignored and their values do not need to match the actual schedule for the event.

Injection profiles

The EIT’s are injected and cycled according to ETSI TS 101 211 section 4.4 (see [ETSI-101-211]). Several cycle profiles can be used. A profile defines the repetition cycle of each type of EIT.

The default profile is defined in [ETSI-101-211] for satellite and cable networks. It is possible to select the profile for terrestrial networks (generating a lower EIT bandwidth). In addition to a predefined profile, it is possible to tune individual cycle values.

EIT schedule are divided into two periods:

The prime period extends over the next few days. The repetition rate of those EIT’s is typically longer than EIT present/following but still reasonably fast. The duration in days of the prime period depends on the type of network.
The later period includes all events after the prime period. The repetition rate of those EIT’s is typically longer that in the prime period.

The following table lists the details of the two standard EIT profiles as defined in ETSI TS 101 211.

Table 14. Standard EIT repetition rates
EIT section type	Satellite and cable	Terrestrial
EIT p/f actual	2 seconds	2 seconds
EIT p/f other	10 seconds	20 seconds
EIT schedule prime days	8 days	1 day
EIT schedule actual (prime)	10 seconds	10 seconds
EIT schedule other (prime)	10 seconds	60 seconds
EIT schedule actual (later)	30 seconds	30 seconds
EIT schedule other (later)	30 seconds	300 seconds

Usage

$ tsp -P eitinject [options]

Options

--actual

Generate all EIT actual. Same as --actual-pf --actual-schedule.

--actual-pf

Generate EIT p/f actual. If no EIT selection option is specified, all EIT’s are generated.

--actual-schedule

Generate EIT schedule actual. If no EIT selection option is specified, all EIT’s are generated.

-b value
--bitrate value

Specify the maximum bitrate of the EIT PID in bits/second.

By default, the EIT sections are inserted as soon as possible, with respect to their individual cycle time.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

--cycle-pf-actual value

Repetition cycle in seconds for EIT p/f actual. The default is 2 seconds.

--cycle-pf-other value

Repetition cycle in seconds for EIT p/f other. The default is 10 seconds.

--cycle-schedule-actual-later value

Repetition cycle in seconds for EIT schedule actual after the "prime" period. The default is 30 seconds. See options --prime-days.

--cycle-schedule-actual-prime value

Repetition cycle in seconds for EIT schedule actual in the "prime" period. The default is 10 seconds. See options --prime-days.

--cycle-schedule-other-later value

Repetition cycle in seconds for EIT schedule other after the "prime"period. The default is 30 seconds. See options --prime-days.

--cycle-schedule-other-prime value

Repetition cycle in seconds for EIT schedule other in the "prime" period. The default is 10 seconds. See options --prime-days.

-d
--delete-files

Specifies that the event input files should be deleted after being loaded.

By default, the files are left unmodified after being loaded.

When a loaded file is modified later, it is reloaded and re-injected.

--event-offset seconds

Specifies an offset in seconds to add to the start time of all loaded events. The value can be positive or negative.

By default, no offset is applied.

4.24. encap

Encapsulate packets from several PID’s into one single PID

This plugin encapsulates all packets from several PID’s into one single PID. This unique output PID replaces all input PID’s in the transport stream. The output PID is called the tunnel or outer PID through which all original or inner PID’s are conveyed.

The reverse operation, the decapsulation, is performed by the decap plugin. It replaces the tunnel PID by all original PID’s.

The default encapsulation format is proprietary and defined below. Since this is not a standard format, it is not interoperable with external systems. The encap and decap plugins are typically used to hide the structure of some part of the transport stream into a private PID to cross some equipment which does not support the structure of the original stream or could damage its original structure.

Because of the encapsulation overhead, the total volume of encapsulated packets is slightly greater (by approximately 2%) than the original PID’s. The encapsulation operation consequently needs some null packets in the original transport stream in addition to the original packets. The output tunnel PID replaces all original packets from the encapsulated PID’s plus some null packets. If the original input stream has no stuffing at all, then the tsp option --add-input-stuffing 1/50 is sufficient to reserve the additional overhead.

Usage

$ tsp -P encap [options]

Options

-i
--ignore-errors

Ignore errors such as PID conflict or packet overflow.

By default, a PID conflict is reported when the output PID is already present on input but not encapsulated. A packet overflow is reported when the input stream does not contain enough null packets to absorb the encapsulation overhead.

-m value
--max-buffered-packets value

Specify the maximum number of buffered packets. The buffered packets are produced by the encapsulation overhead. An overflow is usually caused by insufficient null packets in the input stream.

The default is 1,024 packets.

-o value
--output-pid value

Specify the output PID containing all encapsulated PID’s. This is a mandatory parameter, there is no default. The null PID 0x1FFF cannot be the output PID.

--pack[=value]

Emit outer packets when they are full only.

By default, emit outer packets as soon as possible, when null packets are available on input. With the default behavior, inner packets are decapsulated with a better time accuracy, at the expense of a higher bitrate of the outer PID when there are many null packets in input.

With the option --pack, the emission of an outer packet is delayed until it is full. The bitrate of the outer PID is usually smaller but inner packets may be decapsulated later.

When packing is on, it is possible to limit the distance between packed packets by specifying a positive value. When an outer packet is not yet full but no other input packet is found after the specified number of packets in the TS, then the outer packet is forced to be emitted. With a zero value the distance is disabled (ie. the distance between input packets is unlimited). The value 1 is equivalent to not using the pack mode since outer packets are emitted after one TS packet.

--pcr-pid value

Specify a reference PID containing PCR’s. The output PID will contain PCR’s, based on the same clock. By default, the output PID does not contain any PCR.

--pes-mode mode

Enable PES mode encapsulation. See the description of the encapsulation below.

Must be one of disabled, fixed, variable.

--pes-offset value

Specify the offset used in Synchronous PES mode encapsulation. The value (positive or negative) is added to the current PCR to generate the PTS timestamp inserted in the PES header.

The recommended values are between -90000 and +90000 (1 second). The value 0 is equivalent to use the Asynchronous PES encapsulation.

It requires to use the PCR option --pcr-pid.

-p pid1[-pid2]
--pid pid1[-pid2]

Specify an input PID or range of PID’s to encapsulate.

Several --pid options can be specified. The null PID 0x1FFF cannot be encapsulated.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

Encapsulation format

This section describes the private encapsulation format. It is informative only.

Due to the encapsulation overhead, the number of output packets is slightly larger than the input packets. The input stream must contain a few null packets to absorb the extra output packets. For this reason, null packets (PID 0x1FFF) are never encapsulated.

There are two encapsulation formats, the plain mode and the PES mode. The plain mode is more compact but its structure is specific to TSDuck. The PES mode uses more overhead but it encapsulates the TS packets into PES packets, which may be easier to process in some cases.

Plain encapsulation format

We define the output elementary stream (ES) as the concatenation of all payloads of all TS packets in the output tunnel PID. In this ES, all input TS packets are contiguous, without encapsulation. The initial 0x47 synchronization byte is removed from all input packets since it is redundant and contains no information. Only the remaining 187 bytes are copied in the output ES.

The Payload Unit Start Indicator (PUSI) bit is set in the header of outer TS packets containing the start of an encapsulated packet. When the PUSI bit is set, the first byte of the payload is a pointer field to the beginning of the first encapsulated packet. This packetization method is directly adapted from the standard packetization process for sections, with 187-byte packets instead of sections.

PES encapsulation format

The same plain elementary stream is used, but with a PES envelope. This reduces the payload size for encapsulated packets but this makes the outer encapsulation more transparent. The overhead is increased by approximately 14 to 20%.

The PES envelope uses a KLVA SMPTE-336M encapsulation to insert the inner payload into one private (testing) key (see [Impleo-KLV]). Each TS packet contains only one key, with a size no larger than the payload of one TS packet. So each PES packet fits into a single TS packet.

The SMPTE-336M encapsulation can be either asynchronous (without timestamps) or synchronous (with PTS). The latter consumes more space (+10 bytes) and is only useful when it is needed to remux the encapsulated stream with an external tool that requires to use PTS marks. No other advantages are provided.

Two variant strategies are implemented. The fixed mode uses the short (7-bit) BER encoding. This limits the PES payload to a maximum of 127 bytes. And the adaptation field of the outer packet is enlarged with some stuff. However, the advantage is that the PES is sufficient small to include more data in the outer TS packet. This reduces the possibility than some external processing will split the outer packet in two to accommodate the entire PES data.

The variable mode does not impose this restriction and outer packets are filled to the maximum. The drawback is that sometimes the long form of BER encoding is used with two bytes and others the short form with one byte. Furthermore, this increases the chances that some external processing occupies two outer packets for the same inner PES packet. Still, support for those split PES packets is included. The only requirement is that the 26 or 27 PES+KLVA header is inserted in the first packet (with PUSI on). The remaining payload can be distributed in the following TS packets.

The PES envelope has an overhead of 26, 27, 36 or 37 bytes based on:

9 bytes for the PES header.
0 or 5 bytes for the PTS (synchronous mode).
0 or 5 bytes for the Metadata AU Header (synchronous mode)
16 bytes for the UL key.
1 or 2 bytes for the payload size (BER short or long format).

To enable the use of the Synchronous encapsulation, it is required to use PCR’s and provide an offset. This value (positive or negative) will be added to the PCR to compute the PTS. Recommended values are between -90000 and +90000 (-1 and +1 second, respectively). If you use negative values, then you can restore in advance the encapsulated stream after remuxing. However, this will be valid only if you use an external tool to remux. If you’re unsure, then don’t enable it.

Warning about the Synchronous mode: At start, the PTS marks can’t be synchronized with the target PCR PID. This is because the PCR value is not read at start. But the PTS is required to be in all PES packets of the encapsulation. So, it is recommended to discard the outcoming stream until valid PTS values appear in the encapsulated stream.

In order to correctly identify the encapsulated PES stream, it is recommended to declare its PID as a component of an existing or new service. This PID component shall be described as follow in the PMT of the service:

Stream type:
- Asynchronous mode: Private Type (0x06)
- Synchronous mode: Metadata Type (0x15)
Descriptors:
- Add a registration descriptor for "KLVA" (0x4B4C5641)

Example

We encapsulate several PID’s in outer PID 7777. We attach this outer PID to service id 100. We add a registration_descriptor in the description of the outer PID in the PMT.

Asynchronous PES mode encapsulation:

$ tsp ... \
      -P encap --output-pid 7777 --pes-mode fixed ... \
      -P pmt --service 100 --add-pid 7777/0x06 --add-pid-registration 7777/0x4B4C5641 \
      ...

Synchronous PES mode encapsulation (with PCR):

$ tsp ... \
      -P encap --output-pid 7777 --pes-mode fixed --pes-offset -50000 --pcr-pid 101 ... \
      -P pmt --service 100 --add-pid 7777/0x15 --add-pid-registration 7777/0x4B4C5641 \
      ...

4.25. feed

Extract an encapsulated TS from an outer feed TS

This plugin is experimental and implements no identified specification.

It selects one PID from the input transport stream. This PID shall contain an encapsulated transport stream. This plugin extracts the embedded transport stream from the original PID.

The encapsulation format has been observed in a few real-world feeds. It is rudimentary and unreliable. The TS packets of the inner transport stream are concatenated and the resulting stream is simply spread over the payloads of the encapsulation PID. There is no synchronization mechanism. There is no payload unit start indicator in any TS packet of the encapsulation PID. Resynchronization of the inner TS is empirically done on 0x47 bytes, even though such a byte can be in fact a data byte inside a packet payload.

By default, the input transport stream is completely replaced with the extracted stream. Using the option --output-file, the extracted encapsulated transport stream is saved in a file and, in that case, the input transport stream is passed unmodified.

The encapsulation PID is automatically detected as the first PID with stream type 0x90 in the PMT of a service which has service type 0x80. Options exist to override these values. If there are several encapsulation PID’s in the outer TS or if the encapsulation PID is not correctly identified in the PMT, use the option --pid to specify the target encapsulation PID.

Usage

$ tsp -P feed [options]

Options

-a
--append

With --output-file, if the file already exists, append to the end of the file.

By default, existing files are overwritten.

-k
--keep

With --output-file, keep existing file (abort if the specified file already exists).

By default, existing files are overwritten.

-o filename
--output-file filename

Specify that the extracted stream is saved in this file. In that case, the outer transport stream is passed unchanged to the next plugin.

-p value
--pid value

Specify the PID carrying the inner encapsulated stream.

By default, the plugin automatically locates and uses the first component with the specified stream type in a service with the specified service type.

--service-type value

Specify the service type carrying inner encapsulated streams.

By default, use 0x80.

--stream-type value

Specify the stream type carrying inner encapsulated streams inside a service.

By default, use 0x90.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.26. file (input)

Transport stream files input

This input module reads transport stream packets from one or more files. The specified files do not need to be regular files, they can be named pipes or anything that can be named and read from.

The default file is the standard input, which can also be a pipe. Since the plugin file is the default input plugin (if no option -I is specified), this means that the default tsp input is the standard input.

By default, the input files must contain a flow of contiguous 188-bytes TS packets. If this is not the case, see option --format or consider using the tsresync utility.

Input timestamps

With M2TS files, each TS packet is preceded by a 4-byte header containing a timestamp. This value is used as input timestamp by tsp.

The specific TSDuck proprietary format (option --format duck) propagates all metadata of all TS packets. When the input is such a file (typically piped from another instance of tsp), the original input timestamps from the first instance of tsp are propagated and used as input timestamps by the receiving instance of tsp.

Usage

$ tsp -I file [options] [file-name ...]

Parameters

file-name

Name of the input files. The files are read in sequence, unless --interleave is specified.

If no file is specified, the standard input is read by default. When several files are specified, use a dash (-) as file name to specify the standard input.

Options

--add-start-stuffing count

Specify that count null TS packets must be automatically inserted at the start of the input file, before the first actual packet in the file.

If several input files are specified, several options --add-start-stuffing are allowed. If there are less options than input files, the last value is used for subsequent files.

--add-stop-stuffing count

Specify that count null TS packets must be automatically appended at the end of the input file, after the last actual packet in the file.

If several input files are specified, several options --add-stop-stuffing are allowed. If there are less options than input files, the last value is used for subsequent files.

-b value
--byte-offset value

Start reading each file at the specified byte offset (default: zero). This option is allowed only if the input file is a regular file.

-f
--first-terminate

With --interleave, terminate the processing when any file reaches the end of file.

By default, continue reading until the last file reaches the end of file (other files are replaced with null packets after their end of file).

--format name

Specify the format of the input transport stream. See section 2.1.2 for more details.

By default, the format of each input file is automatically detected and can be different from one file to another. When the option --format is specified, all input files must have the same format.

-i
--infinite

Repeat the playout of the file infinitely (default: only once). This option is allowed only if the input file is a regular file and there is only one input file.

--interleave[=value]

Interleave files instead of reading them one by one. All files are simultaneously opened.

The optional value is a chunk size N, a packet count (default is 1). N packets are read from the first file, then N from the second file, etc. and then loop back to N packets again from the first file, etc.

-l value
--label-base value

Set a label on each input packet. Packets from the first file are tagged with the specified base label, packets from the second file with base label plus one, and so on.

For a given file, if the computed label is above the maximum (31), its packets are not labelled.

-p value
--packet-offset value

Start reading each file at the specified TS packet (default: zero).

This option is allowed only if all input files are regular file.

-r count
--repeat count

Repeat the playout of each file the specified number of times (default: only once).

This option is allowed only if all input files are regular files.

If several input files are specified, the first file is repeated the specified number of times, then the second file is repeated the same number of times, and so on.

Generic input plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all input plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.27. file (output)

Transport stream files output

This output plugin writes the TS packets to a file. The output file receives a flow of contiguous 188-bytes TS packets (unless --format is used).

The default file is the standard output, which can be a pipe. Since the plugin file is the default output plugin (if no option -O is specified), this means that the default tsp output is the standard output.

Usage

$ tsp -O file [options] [file-name]

Parameters

file-name

Name of the created output file.

If the parameter is omitted, is an empty string or a dash (-), the standard output is used.

If no file is specified, the standard input is read by default. When several files are specified, use a dash (-) as file name to specify the standard input.

Options

--add-start-stuffing count

Specify that count null TS packets must be automatically written at the start of the output file, before what comes from the previous plugins.

--add-stop-stuffing count

Specify that count null TS packets must be automatically appended at the end of the output file, after what comes from the previous plugins.

-a
--append

If the file already exists, append to the end of the file. By default, existing files are overwritten.

--format name

Specify the format of the output transport stream. See section 2.1.2 for more details.

By default, the output format is a standard TS file. If the format is M2TS, the inserted time stamp is identical to the input time stamp for each packet.

-k
--keep

Keep existing file (abort if the specified file already exists). By default, existing files are overwritten.

--max-duration value

Specify a maximum duration in seconds during which an output file is written. After the specified duration, the output file is closed and another one is created. This is a wall-clock processing duration, not a transport stream playout duration.

A timestamp is automatically added to the name part so that successive output files receive distinct names.

Example: if the specified output file name is foo.ts, the various files are named foo-YYYYMMDD-hhmmss.ts.

The options --max-duration and --max-size are mutually exclusive.

--max-files value

With --max-duration or --max-size, specify a maximum number of files. When the number of created files exceeds the specified number, the oldest files are deleted.

By default, all created files are kept.

--max-retry value

With --reopen-on-error, specify the maximum number of times the file is reopened on error.

By default, the file is indefinitely reopened.

--max-size value

Specify a maximum size in bytes for the output files When an output file grows beyond the specified limit, it is closed and another one is created.

The size limit is not exactly enforced. When a group of packets is written in one single write operation, there is no attempt to split the file at the exact specified size. The file is closed and the next one is opened after all packets are written in that single write operation.

A number is automatically added to the name part so that successive output files receive distinct names.

Example: if the specified file name is foo.ts, the various files are named foo-000000.ts, foo-000001.ts, etc.

If the specified template already contains trailing digits, this unmodified name is used for the first file. Then, the integer part is incremented.

Example: if the specified file name is foo-027.ts, the various files are named foo-027.ts, foo-028.ts, etc.

The options --max-duration and --max-size are mutually exclusive.

-r
--reopen-on-error

In case of write error, close the file and try to reopen it several times. After a write error, attempt to reopen or recreate the file immediately. Then, in case of open error, periodically retry to open the file.

See also options --retry-interval and --max-retry.

--retry-interval milliseconds

With --reopen-on-error, specify the number of milliseconds to wait before attempting to reopen the file after a failure.

The default is 2000 milliseconds.

Generic output plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all output plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.28. file (packet processing)

Save packets to a file and pass to next plugin

This plugin writes the TS packets to a file and passes them to the next plugin in the chain. The output file receives a flow of contiguous 188-bytes TS packets.

Usage

$ tsp -P file [options] file-name

Parameters

file-name

Name of the created output file.

If the parameter is omitted, is an empty string or a dash (-), the standard output is used.

If no file is specified, the standard input is read by default. When several files are specified, use a dash (-) as file name to specify the standard input.

Options

--add-start-stuffing count

Specify that count null TS packets must be automatically written at the start of the output file, before what comes from the previous plugins.

--add-stop-stuffing count

Specify that count null TS packets must be automatically appended at the end of the output file, after what comes from the previous plugins.

-a
--append

If the file already exists, append to the end of the file. By default, existing files are overwritten.

--format name

Specify the format of the output transport stream. See section 2.1.2 for more details.

By default, the output format is a standard TS file. If the format is M2TS, the inserted time stamp is identical to the input time stamp for each packet.

-k
--keep

Keep existing file (abort if the specified file already exists). By default, existing files are overwritten.

--max-duration value

A timestamp is automatically added to the name part so that successive output files receive distinct names.

Example: if the specified output file name is foo.ts, the various files are named foo-YYYYMMDD-hhmmss.ts.

The options --max-duration and --max-size are mutually exclusive.

--max-files value

With --max-duration or --max-size, specify a maximum number of files. When the number of created files exceeds the specified number, the oldest files are deleted.

By default, all created files are kept.

--max-retry value

With --reopen-on-error, specify the maximum number of times the file is reopened on error.

By default, the file is indefinitely reopened.

--max-size value

Specify a maximum size in bytes for the output files When an output file grows beyond the specified limit, it is closed and another one is created.

A number is automatically added to the name part so that successive output files receive distinct names.

Example: if the specified file name is foo.ts, the various files are named foo-000000.ts, foo-000001.ts, etc.

If the specified template already contains trailing digits, this unmodified name is used for the first file. Then, the integer part is incremented.

Example: if the specified file name is foo-027.ts, the various files are named foo-027.ts, foo-028.ts, etc.

The options --max-duration and --max-size are mutually exclusive.

-r
--reopen-on-error

See also options --retry-interval and --max-retry.

--retry-interval milliseconds

With --reopen-on-error, specify the number of milliseconds to wait before attempting to reopen the file after a failure.

The default is 2000 milliseconds.

Generic output plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all output plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.29. filter

General-purpose packet filter

This plugin filters TS packets according to various conditions. When a packet meets at least one of the specified conditions, it is passed to the next packet in the chain. Otherwise, it is dropped.

To filter packets which meets several simultaneous conditions ("and" instead of "or"), simply chain several filter plugins on the command line.

Some specific options (--set-label, --reset-label, --set-permanent-label, --reset-permanent-label) do not drop unfiltered packets. Instead, these options set or reset labels on the filtered packets. This is a way to mark selected packets in the stream with specific labels. The marked packets can then be selectively processed by another plugin using the option --only-label. See the reference section of tsp, section 3.22, for more details on packet labelling.

Usage

$ tsp -P filter [options]

Options

--adaptation-field

Select packets with an adaptation field.

--after-packets count

Let the specified number of packets pass transparently without filtering. Start to apply the filtering criteria after that number of packets.

--audio

Select packets from an audio PID.

-c
--clear

Select clear (unscrambled) packets. Equivalent to --scrambling-control 0.

--codec name

Select packets from PID’s which were encoded with the specified codec format.

The name must be one of AAC, AC3, AC4, AV1, AVC, AVS2Audio, AVS3Audio, AVS3Video, DTS, DTSHD, DVBSubtitles, EAC3, EVC, H264, H265, H266, HEAAC, HEVC, JPEG2000, LCEVC, MP1Audio, MPEG-1-Audio, MP1Video, MPEG-1-Video, MP2Audio, MPEG-2-Audio, MP2Video, MPEG-2-Video, MP3, MP4Video, MPEG-4-Video, Teletext, VP9, VVC, undefined.

--ecm

Select packets from any ECM PID.

--emm

Select packets from any EMM PID.

--every count

Select one packet every that number of packets.

--has-splice-countdown

Select packets which contain a splice_countdown value in adaptation field.

--input-stuffing

Select packets which were artificially inserted as stuffing before the input plugin using tsp options --add-start-stuffing, --add-input-stuffing and --add-stop-stuffing.

Be aware that these packets may no longer be null packets if some previous plugin injected data, replacing stuffing.

-i index1[-[index2]]
--interval index1[-[index2]]

Select all packets in the specified interval from the start of the stream. The packets in the stream are indexed starting at zero.

In the form index1, only one packet is selected, at the specified index.
In the form index1-index2, all packets in the specified range of indexes, inclusive, are selected.
In the form index1-, all packets starting at the specified index are selected, up to the end of the stream.

Several options --interval can be specified.

--intra-frame

Select packets which contain the start of a video intra-frame.

The accurate detection of intra-frame depends on the codec. There is also a minimal risk of false positive on non-video PID’s.

--isdb-layer layer1[-layer2]

Select packets with any of the specified layer indicator values in the ISDB-T Information structure. This structure is located in the 16-byte trailer, after the 188-byte TS packet. Therefore, using that filter is only possible if the input transport stream is made of 204-byte packets.

Several options --isdb-layer can be specified.

-l label1[-label2]
--label label1[-label2]

Select packets with any of the specified labels. Labels should have typically been set by a previous plugin in the chain.

Several --label options may be specified.

Note that the option --label is different from the generic option --only-label. The generic option --only-label acts at tsp level and controls which packets are passed to the plugin. All other packets are directly passed to the next plugin without going through this plugin. The option --label, on the other hand, is specific to the filter plugin and selects packets with specific labels among the packets which are passed to this plugin.

--max-adaptation-field-size value

Select packets with no adaptation field or with an adaptation field the size (in bytes) of which is not greater than the specified value.

--max-payload-size value

Select packets with no payload or with a payload the size (in bytes) of which is not greater than the specified value.

--max-splice-countdown value

Select packets with a splice_countdown value in adaptation field which is lower than or equal to the specified value.

--min-adaptation-field-size value

Select packets with an adaptation field the size (in bytes) of which is equal to or greater than the specified value.

--min-payload-size value

Select packets with a payload the size (in bytes) of which is equal to or greater than the specified value.

--min-splice-countdown value

Select packets with a splice_countdown value in adaptation field which is greater than or equal to the specified value.

-n
--negate

Negate the filter: specified packets are excluded.

--nullified

Select packets which were explicitly turned into null packets by some previous plugin in the chain (typically using a --stuffing option).

Be aware that these packets may no longer be null packets if some intermediate plugin injected data, replacing stuffing.

--pattern hexa-digits

Select packets containing the specified pattern bytes. The value must be a string of hexadecimal digits specifying any number of bytes.

By default, the packet is selected when the value is anywhere inside the packet.

With option --search-payload, only search the pattern in the payload of the packet.

With option --search-offset, the packet is selected only if the pattern is at the specified offset in the packet.

When --search-payload and --search-offset are both specified, the packet is selected only if the pattern is at the specified offset in the payload.

--payload

Select packets with a payload.

--pcr

Select packets with PCR or OPCR.

--pes

Select packets with clear PES headers.

-p pid1[-pid2]
--pid pid1[-pid2]

PID filter: select packets with these PID values.

Several --pid options may be specified.

--psi-si

Select packets from any PSI/SI PID. This includes global signalization PID’s for DVB, ATSC and ISDB standards as well as the PMT of each service.

--reset-label label1[-label2]

Clear the specified labels on the selected packets.

Do not drop unselected packets, simply clear one or more labels on selected ones.

Several --reset-label options may be specified.

--reset-permanent-label label1[-label2]

Clear the specified labels on all packets, selected and unselected ones, after at least one was selected.

Do not drop unselected packets, simply use selected ones as trigger.

Several --reset-permanent-label options may be specified.

--scrambling-control value

Select packets with the specified scrambling control value.

Valid values are 0 (clear), 1 (reserved), 2 (even key), 3 (odd key).

--search-offset value

With --pattern, only search the set of bytes at the specified offset in the packet (the default) or in the payload (with --search-payload).

--search-payload

With --pattern, only search the set of bytes in the payload of the packet. Do not search the pattern in the header or adaptation field.

--service id-or-name

Select packets belonging to any of the specified services as PMT, component or ECM.

Several --service options may be specified.

--set-label label1[-label2]

Set the specified labels on the selected packets.

Do not drop unselected packets, simply mark selected ones with one or more labels.

Several --set-label options may be specified.

--set-permanent-label label1[-label2]

Set the specified labels on all packets, selected and unselected ones, after at least one was selected.

Do not drop unselected packets, simply use selected ones as trigger.

Several --set-permanent-label options may be specified.

--splice-countdown value

Select packets with the specified splice_countdown value in adaptation field.

--stream-id id1[-id2]

Select PES PID’s with any of the specified stream ids.

The PID’s are dynamically selected. A PID starts to be selected when a specified stream id is detected in a PES header. Such a PID becomes no longer selected when a non-specified stream id is found in this PID.

Several --stream-id options may be specified.

-s
--stuffing

Replace excluded packets with stuffing (null packets) instead of removing them. Useful to preserve bitrate.

--subtitles

Select packets from any PID carrying subtitles.

--unit-start

Select packets with payload unit start indicator.

-v
--valid

Select valid packets. A valid packet starts with 0x47 and has its transport_error_indicator is cleared.

--video

Select packets from a video PID.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.30. fork (input)

Receive packets from a forked process

This input plugin forks a process and receives all TS packets from the standard output of this process.

Using this input plugin with tsp is equivalent to reading the input pipe. The following two commands have the same effect (the command receive being a fictitious one):

$ receive stream | tsp -P ...
$ tsp -I fork 'receive stream' -P ...

So, this plugin is redundant with the shell pipe features. However, this plugin is useful when the tsp process is created from another native application (not a shell script). In that case, it is much easier for this application to create a simple binary process rather than a shell and its commands.

Additionally, this input plugin becomes necessary with tsswitch which accepts several inputs. The following command has no equivalent with shell pipes:

$ tsswitch -I fork 'receive stream1' -I fork 'receive stream2' -O ...

Usage

$ tsp -I fork [options] 'command'

Parameter

'command'

The 'command' parameter specifies the shell command to execute in the forked process. The standard output of this process is a pipe from which the TS packets are received by the input plugin. If the command contains spaces or shell special sequences, the complete command string must be surrounded by quotes.

If the command is too long or too complicated, it is recommended to use a script. If the created command is another TSDuck command, it is possible to shorten the command using partial command line redirection (see section 3.1.5).

Options

--format name

Specify the format of the input transport stream. See section 2.1.2 for more details.

-n
--nowait

Do not wait for child process termination at end of input.

Windows specific options

-b value
--buffered-packets value

Specifies the pipe buffer size in number of TS packets.

Generic input plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all input plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.31. fork (output)

Send packets to a forked process

This output plugin forks a process and sends all TS packets to the standard input of this process.

Using this output plugin with tsp is equivalent to writing to the output pipe. The following two commands have the same effect (the command send being a fictitious one):

$ tsp ... | send stream
$ tsp ... -O fork 'send stream'

Usage

$ tsp -O fork [options] 'command'

Parameter

'command'

The 'command' parameter specifies the shell command to execute in the forked process. The standard input of this process is a pipe receiving the TS packets. If the command contains spaces or shell special sequences, the complete command string must be surrounded by quotes.

Options

--format name

Specify the format of the output transport stream. See section 2.1.2 for more details.

By default, the output format is a standard TS file. If the format is M2TS, the inserted time stamp is identical to the input time stamp for each packet.

-n
--nowait

Do not wait for child process termination at end of input.

Windows specific options

-b value
--buffered-packets value

Specifies the pipe buffer size in number of TS packets.

Generic output plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all output plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.32. fork (packet processing)

Redirect packets to a forked process

This plugin forks a process and sends all TS packets to the standard input of this process. The TS packets are also normally passed to the next processor in the chain.

This plugin can be used to duplicate the output stream at any point in the packet processing chain.

Usage

$ tsp -P fork [options] 'command'

Parameter

'command'

Options

-b value
--buffered-packets value

Specifies the number of TS packets to buffer before sending them through the pipe to the forked process. When set to zero, the packets are not buffered and sent one by one.

The default is 500 packets in real-time mode and 1000 packets in offline mode.

--format name

Specify the format of the output transport stream. See section 2.1.2 for more details.

By default, the output format is a standard TS file. If the format is M2TS, the inserted time stamp is identical to the input time stamp for each packet.

-i
--ignore-abort

Ignore early termination of child process. By default, if the child process aborts and no longer reads the packets, tsp also aborts.

-n
--nowait

Do not wait for child process termination at end of input.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.33. fuzz

Introduce random errors in the transport stream

This plugin randomly corrupts packets in the transport stream. It is equivalent to the tsfuzz utility.

In practice, the following two commands produce the same result:

$ tsfuzz options infile -o outfile
$ tsp -I file infile -P fuzz options -O file outfile

Usage

$ tsp -P fuzz [options]

Fuzzing options

These options are identical in the command tsfuzz and the tsp plugin fuzz.

-c value
--corrupt-probability value

Probability to corrupt a byte in the transport stream. The default is zero, meaning no corruption.

The value must be a fraction, e.g. 1/20, 1/1000, 3/20000, etc.

-p pid1[-pid2]
--pid pid1[-pid2]

PID filter: corrupt packets with these PID values only.

Several --pid options may be specified. By default, without --pid option, all PID’s are eligible for random corruption.

-s hexa-data
--seed hexa-data

Initial seed for the pseudo-random number generator.

Specify hexadecimal data. The size is not limited but at least 32 bytes are recommended.

Using the same seed on the same TS file will result in exactly the same corruptions. Without this parameter, a random seed is used, and the corruptions cannot be identically reproduced.

--sync-byte

May corrupt the 0x47 sync byte in TS packets. This may invalidate the synchronization of the transport stream.

By default, sync bytes are preserved.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.34. hides (output)

Send the transport stream to a HiDes modulator device

This plugin sends the output transport stream to a HiDes modulator device.

Restrictions

This plugin is available on Linux and Windows only. There is no HiDes device drivers on macOS and BSD systems.

Usage

$ tsp -O hides [options]

Options

-a value
--adapter value

Specify the HiDes adapter number to use. By default, the first HiDes device is selected.

Use the command tshides to list all HiDes devices.

Use --adapter or --device but not both.

-b value
--bandwidth value

Bandwidth in Hz.

For compatibility with old versions, low values (below 1000) are interpreted in MHz. This means that values 8 and 8,000,000 are identical. Both mean 8 MHz.

The default is 8 MHz.

-c value
--constellation value

Constellation type. Must be one of QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM.

The default is 64-QAM.

--dc-compensation i-value/q-value

Specify the DC offset compensation values for I and Q. Each offset value shall be in the range -512 to 512.

-d "name"
--device "name"

Specify the HiDes device name to use. By default, the first HiDes device is selected.

Use the command tshides to list all HiDes devices.

Use --adapter or --device but not both.

-f value
--frequency value

Frequency, in Hz, of the output carrier. There is no default, this is a mandatory parameter.

--gain value

Adjust the output gain to the specified value in dB.

-g value
--guard-interval value

Guard interval. Must be one of 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4.

The default is 1/32.

-h value --high-priority-fec value

Error correction for high priority streams. Must be one of 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8.

The default is 2/3.

-s value --spectral-inversion value

Spectral inversion. Must be one of off, on, auto.

The default is auto.

Note that this option is ignored on Windows.

-t value
--transmission-mode value

Transmission mode. Must be one of 4K, 2K, 8K.

The default is 8K.

Generic output plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all output plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.35. history

Report a history of major events on the transport stream

This plugin reports a history of the major events on the transport stream: new PID’s, new tables, clear ⇔ scrambled transitions, suspended and restarted PID’s, etc.

Event reporting format

By default, the messages are reported, like all other tsp messages, on the standard error file. Each output line is formatted as follow:

* history: packet-number: MESSAGE

With option --milli-seconds, the packet-number is replaced by a number of milliseconds (based on the TS bitrate).

Some events are detected only some time after they occurred. Determining if a PID is suspended, for instance, is detected long after the last packet on this PID. As a consequence, some messages may be unsorted. To sort messages according to packet numbers, use a command like:

$ tsp -P history ...  2>&1 | grep '* history:' | sort -t : -k 2 -n

When an output file is specified using option --output-file, the log prefix * history: is not present. In this case, the sort command becomes:

$ sort -n output-file-name

Reported events

By default, the following events are reported:

New versions of PAT, CAT, PMT, SDT, TSDT, BAT, NIT.
First and last packet of each PID, including when a PID is suspended for a while.
The last TDT or TOT time before an event.
Per-PID clear to scrambled and scrambled to clear transistions.
Per-PID first PES stream id.

With option --cas:

All occurrences of a new ECM. Repeated values of the same ECM are not reported.
Per-PID crypto-period boundaries.

With option --eit:

All EIT sections.

With option --time-all:

All system time tables (TDT, TOT).

Without option --ignore-stream-id-change:

Change of PES stream id in a PID.

Usage

$ tsp -P history [options]

Options

-c
--cas

Report all CAS events (new ECM, crypto-period change). By default, only clear to/from scrambled transitions are reported.

-e
--eit

Report all EIT. By default, EIT are not reported.

-i
--ignore-stream-id-change

Do not report stream_id modifications in a stream. Some subtitle streams may constantly swap between "private stream" and "padding stream". This option suppresses these annoying messages.

--intra-frame

Report the start of all intra-frames in video PID’s. Detecting intra-frames depends on the video codec and not all of them are correctly detected. By default, in each PID, only the first and last intra-frames are reported.

-m
--milli-seconds

For each message, report time in milli-seconds from the beginning of the stream instead of the TS packet number. This time is a playback time based on the current TS bitrate (use plugin pcrbitrate just before plugin history when necessary).

-o filename
--output-file filename

Specify the output file for reporting history lines. By default, report history lines on standard error using the tsp logging mechanism.

-s value
--suspend-packet-threshold value

Number of packets in the TS after which a PID is considered as suspended. By default, if no packet is found in a PID during 60 seconds (according to the TS bitrate), the PID is considered as suspended.

-t
--time-all

Report all TDT and TOT. By default, only report TDT preceeding another event.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.36. hls (input)

Receive HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) media

This plugin reads a combined transport stream from an HLS streaming server. All media segments are concatenated into one single transport stream.

In the case of live content, the HLS playlist is reloaded as often as necessary to get a continuous content.

Restriction

The HLS specification allows two kinds of media content: TS and fMP4 (fragmented MP4). Since TSDuck is a transport stream toolkit, this plugin can only receive TS media.

Usage

$ tsp -I hls [options] url

Parameters

url

Specify the URL of an HLS manifest or playlist. This is typically an URL ending in .m3u8.

This can be a master playlist, referencing several versions of the same content (with various bitrates or resolutions). This can also be a media playlist, referencing all segments of one single content.

When the playlist is a master one, the first media playlist is selected by default. Specific options can be used to select a playlist based on criteria (bandwidth or resolution for instance). When a media playlist failed to load, the next one is used (with respect to the selection criteria), etc.

Although HLS is inherently based on HTTP, it is possible to specify a local file as playlist, either using a file: URI or a simple file specification. This is typically useful to test the files which are produced by the hls output plugin.

Options

--alt-group-id 'string'

When the URL is a master playlist, use the alternative rendition content with the specified group id.

If several --alt-* options are specified, the selected alternative rendition content must match all of them.

--alt-language 'string'

When the URL is a master playlist, use the first alternative rendition content with the specified language.

If several --alt-* options are specified, the selected alternative rendition content must match all of them.

--alt-name 'string'

When the URL is a master playlist, use the alternative rendition content with the specified name.

If several --alt-* options are specified, the selected alternative rendition content must match all of them.

--alt-type 'string'

When the URL is a master playlist, use the first alternative rendition content with the specified type.

If several --alt-* options are specified, the selected alternative rendition content must match all of them.

--compressed

Accept compressed HTTP responses.

By default, compressed responses are not accepted.

--connection-timeout value

Specify the connection timeout in milliseconds.

By default, let the operating system decide.

--headers 'header: value'

Specify a custom header, e. g. x-header-name: value for all HTTP requests (playlists and media segments).

This option can be set multiple times.

--highest-bitrate

When the URL is a master playlist, use the content with the highest bitrate.

--highest-resolution

When the URL is a master playlist, use the content with the highest screen resolution.

-l
--list-variants

When the URL is a master playlist, list all possible streams bitrates and resolutions.

--live

Specify that the input is a live stream and the playout shall start at the last segment in the playlist.

This is an alias for --start-segment -1.

--lowest-bitrate

When the URL is a master playlist, use the content with the lowest bitrate.

--lowest-resolution

When the URL is a master playlist, use the content with the lowest screen resolution.

--max-bitrate value

When the URL is a master playlist, select a content the bitrate of which is lower than the specified maximum.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

--max-height value

When the URL is a master playlist, select a content the resolution of which has a lower height than the specified maximum.

--max-width value

When the URL is a master playlist, select a content the resolution of which has a lower width than the specified maximum.

--min-bitrate value

When the URL is a master playlist, select a content the bitrate of which is higher than the specified minimum.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

--min-height value

When the URL is a master playlist, select a content the resolution of which has a higher height than the specified minimum.

--min-width value

When the URL is a master playlist, select a content the resolution of which has a higher width than the specified minimum.

--receive-timeout value

Specify the data reception timeout in milliseconds. This timeout applies to each receive operation, individually.

By default, let the operating system decide.

--save-files directory-name

Specify a directory where all downloaded files, media segments and playlists, are saved before being passed to the next plugin.

This is typically a debug option to analyze the input HLS structure.

-s value
--segment-count value

Stop receiving the HLS stream after receiving the specified number of media segments.

By default, receive the complete content.

--start-segment value

Start at the specified segment in the initial playlist.

The value can be positive or negative. Positive values are indexes from the start of the playlist: 0 is the first segment (the default), +1 is the second segment, etc. Negative values are indexes from the end of the playlist: -1 is the last segment, -2 is the preceding segment, etc.

By default, start with the first media segment.

--user-agent string

Specify the user agent string to send in HTTP requests.

Internet access proxy options

The following options are used to specify how this system accesses Internet.

--proxy-host name

Optional proxy host name for Internet access.

--proxy-password string

Optional proxy password for Internet access (for use with --proxy-user).

--proxy-port value

Optional proxy port for Internet access (for use with --proxy-host).

--proxy-user name

Optional proxy user name for Internet access.

Generic input plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all input plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.37. hls (output)

Generate HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) media

This output plugin generates HLS playlists and media segments on local files only. It can also purge obsolete media segments and regenerate live playlists.

The plugin always generate media segments. The playlist generation is optional.

To setup a complete HLS server, it is necessary to setup an external HTTP server such as Apache which simply serves the files, playlist and media segments.

Usage

$ tsp -O hls [options] filename

Parameters

filename

Specify the name template of the output media segment files. A number is automatically added to the name part so that successive segment files receive distinct names.

Example: if the specified file name is foo.ts, the various segment files are named foo-000000.ts, foo-000001.ts, etc.

If the specified template already contains trailing digits, this unmodified name is used for the first segment. Then, the integer part is incremented.

Example: if the specified file name is foo-027.ts, the various segment files are named foo-027.ts, foo-028.ts, etc.

Options

-a
--align-first-segment

Force the standard alignment of the first output segment:

Start with a PAT and PMT.
Force the reference video PID to start on a PES packet boundary.
With --intra-close, also force this video PID to start on an intra-coded image (I-Frame).

Using this option, all packets before these starting conditions are dropped.

By default, the first output segment starts with the first packets in the TS.

Note that all subsequent output segments always start with a copy of the last PAT and PMT, on a video PES packet boundary, with or without this option.

-c 'string'
--custom-tag 'string'

Specify a custom tag to add in the playlist files. The specified string shall start with . If omitted, the leading is automatically added.

Several --custom-tag options can be specified. Each tag is added as an independent tag line.

-d value
--duration value

Specify the target duration in seconds of media segments.

The default is 10 seconds per segment for VoD streams and 5 seconds for live streams.

-e
--event

Specify that the output is a event playlist.

By default, the output stream is considered as VoD.

-f value
--fixed-segment-size value

Specify the size in bytes of all media segments. By default, the segment size is variable and based on the --duration parameter. When --fixed-segment-size is specified, the --duration parameter is only used as a hint in the playlist file.

-i
--intra-close

Start new segments on the start of an intra-coded image (I-frame) of the reference video PID.

The reference video PID is the first video PID of the first service in the PAT.

By default, a new segment starts on a PES packet boundary on this video PID.

Note that it is not always possible to guarantee the detection of I-frames if the video coding format is not fully supported, if the start of an intra-image cannot be found in the start of the PES packet which is contained in a TS packet or if the TS packet is encrypted.

--label-close label1[-label2]

Close the current segment as soon as possible after a packet with any of the specified labels. Labels should have typically been set by a previous plugin in the chain. In practice, the current segment is closed and renewed at the start of the next PES packet on the video PID.

Several --label-close options may be specified.

This option is compatible with --duration. The current segment is closed on a labelled packed or segment duration, whichever comes first.

-l value
--live value

Specify that the output is a live stream. The specified value indicates the number of simultaneously available media segments. Obsolete media segment files are automatically deleted.

By default, the output stream is considered as VoD and all created media segments are preserved.

--live-extra-segments value

In a live stream, specify the number of unreferenced segments to keep on disk before deleting them. The extra segments were recently referenced in the playlist and can be downloaded by clients after their removal from the playlist.

The default is 1 extra segment.

-m value
--max-extra-duration value

With --intra-close, specify the maximum additional duration in seconds after which the segment is closed on the next video PES packet, even if no intra-coded image was found.

The default is to wait for an intra-coded image up to 2 additional seconds after the theoretical end of the segment.

--no-bitrate

With --playlist, do not specify #EXT-X-BITRATE tags for each segment in the playlist.

This optional tag is present by default.

-p filename
--playlist filename

Specify the name of the playlist file. The playlist file is rewritten each time a new segment file is completed or an obsolete one is deleted.

The playlist and the segment files can be written to distinct directories but, in all cases, the URI of the segment files in the playlist are always relative to the playlist location.

By default, no playlist file is created (the plugin creates media segments only).

An HLS playlist can be of one of the following types:

VoD playlist. A static media playlist for a fully recorded content. The list of media segments cannot change. This is the default with the hls output plugin.
Event playlist. A growing media playlist for a running event. It is possible to move backward in the event, up to the beginning. New media segments can be added at the end of the playlist. No segment can be removed. Use option --event to generate such a playlist.
Live playlist. A sliding media playlist for a live channel, without backward browsing. The initial segments are regularly removed. New segments are regularly added at the end of the list. Use option --live to generate such a playlist.
Master playlist: A higher-level playlist which contains references to several media playlists. Each media playlist typically represents the same content with various bitrates. The hls output plugin can only create media playlists, not master playlists.

--slice-only

Disable the insertion of the PAT and PMT at start of each segment.

Note that this generates a non-standard HLS output.

-s value
--start-media-sequence value

Initial media sequence number in #EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE directive in the playlist.

The default is zero.

Generic output plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all output plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.38. http (input)

Read a transport stream from an HTTP server

This plugin reads a transport stream from a URL. The HTTP server is expected to send a valid transport stream without encapsulation.

It is possible to repeat the operation a number of times. In that case, the URL is re-opened each time and the content may be different if the served stream is not a static file.

The expected MIME type for an MPEG transport stream is video/mp2t. If a different type is reported by the server, a warning message is displayed but the content is accepted as long as it is a valid transport stream.

Usage

$ tsp -I http [options] url

Parameter

url

Specify the URL from which to read the transport stream.

Options

--compressed

Accept compressed HTTP responses.

By default, compressed responses are not accepted.

--connection-timeout value

Specify the connection timeout in milliseconds.

By default, let the operating system decide.

--headers 'header: value'

Specify a custom header, e. g. x-header-name: value for HTTP requests.

This option can be set multiple times.

--ignore-errors

With --repeat or --infinite, repeat also in case of error.

By default, repetition stops on error.

-i
--infinite

Repeat the playout of the content infinitely (default: only once).

--receive-timeout value

Specify the data reception timeout in milliseconds.

This timeout applies to each receive operation, individually.

By default, let the operating system decide.

--reconnect-delay value

With --repeat or --infinite, wait the specified number of milliseconds between reconnections.

By default, repeat immediately.

-r count
--repeat count

Repeat the playout of the content the specified number of times (default: only once).

--user-agent string

Specify the user agent string to send in HTTP requests.

Internet access proxy options

The following options are used to specify how this system accesses Internet.

--proxy-host name

Optional proxy host name for Internet access.

--proxy-password string

Optional proxy password for Internet access (for use with --proxy-user).

--proxy-port value

Optional proxy port for Internet access (for use with --proxy-host).

--proxy-user name

Optional proxy user name for Internet access.

Generic input plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all input plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.39. http (output)

Act as an HTTP server and send TS packets to the incoming client

This plugin implements a rudimentary HTTP server. This server accepts only one client. The output is suspended until a clients connects. Then, all TS packets are transmitted to the client.

No SSL/TLS is supported, only the http: protocol is accepted.

Only one client is accepted at a time. By default, tsp terminates if the client disconnects. Use the option --multiple-clients to wait for the next incoming client and continue the output when the previous client disconnects.

The HTTP request GET / returns the transport stream content. All other requests are considered as invalid (see option --ignore-bad-request). Therefore, the only valid URL to access the server is http://hostname:port/ where hostname designates the system on which tsp runa and port is specified in the plugin options.

There is no Content-Length response header since the size of the returned TS is unknown at the time the client connects and the HTTP request is received.

The server disconnects at the end of the data. The Keep-Alive option is not supported.

Usage

$ tsp -O http [options]

Options

--buffer-size value

Specifies the TCP socket send buffer size in bytes to the client connection (socket option).

--ignore-bad-request

Ignore invalid HTTP requests and unconditionally send the transport stream.

By default, any HTTP request other than GET / is rejected and an error status is returned to the client.

-m
--multiple-clients

Specifies that the server handle multiple clients, one after the other. If a client disconnects, the output is suspended until a new client connects. The TS packets are then sent to the new client.

By default, the plugin terminates the tsp session when the first client disconnects.

--no-reuse-port

Disable the reuse port socket option. Do not use unless completely necessary.

-s [ip-address:]port
--server [ip-address:]port

Specifies the local TCP port on which the plugin listens for incoming HTTP connections. This option is mandatory. The server accepts only one HTTP connection at a time.

When present, the optional address shall specify a local IP address or host name. By default, the server listens on all local interfaces.

Generic output plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all output plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.40. inject

Inject tables in a transport stream

This plugin injects MPEG tables and sections into a transport stream, replacing a PID or stealing packets from stuffing.

When a PID is replaced, all previous content of this PID is lost and all its packets are replaced at the same position in the stream. The bitrate of the PID is unchanged.

When a new PID is created, replacing some stuffing packets, its bitrate must be known. There are several explicit or implicit ways to specify the bitrate of the new PID. First, the option --bitrate can be used. Second, the option --inter-packet can be used to specify the placement of the packets in the stream.

The last option is to specify an explicit repetition rate for each input section file.

Usage

$ tsp -P inject [options] input-file[=rate] ...

Parameters

input-file[=rate]

Binary, XML or JSON files containing one or more sections or tables. By default, files with a name ending in .bin, .xml, or .json are automatically recognized. For other file names, explicitly specify --binary, or --xml, or --json.

The reference source format is XML. JSON files are first translated to XML using the "automated XML-to-JSON conversion" rules of TSDuck (see section 2.7.3) and then compiled to binary.

If different repetition rates are required for different files, a parameter can be filename=value, where value is the repetition rate in milliseconds for all sections in that file.

Options

--binary

Specify that all input files are binary, regardless of their file name.

-b value
--bitrate value

Specifies the bitrate for the new PID, in bits / second. See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

-e value
--evaluate-interval value

When used with --replace and when specific repetition rates are specified for some input files, the bitrate of the target PID is re-evaluated on a regular basis. The value of this option specifies the number of packet in the target PID before re-evaluating its bitrate.

The default is 100 packets.

-f
--force-crc

Force recomputation of CRC32 in long sections. Ignore the CRC32 values in input file.

-i value
--inter-packet value

Specifies the packet interval for the new PID, that is to say the number of TS packets in the transport between two packets of the new PID. Use instead of --bitrate if the global bitrate of the TS cannot be determined.

-j
--joint-termination

Perform a joint termination when section insertion is complete. Meaningful only when --repeat is specified. See the tsp reference documentation for more details on joint termination.

--json

Specify that all input files are JSON, regardless of their file name.

-p value
--pid value

PID of the output TS packets. This is a required parameter, there is no default value. To replace the content of an existing PID, use option --replace. To steal stuffing packets and create a new PID, use either option --bitrate or --inter-packet. Exactly one option --replace, --bitrate or --inter-packet must be specified.

--poll-files

Poll the presence and modification date of the input files at regular intervals. When a file is created, modified or deleted, reload all files at the next section boundary and restart the injection cycles. When a file is deleted, its sections are no longer injected. If the file reappears later, its sections will be injected again.

By default, all input files are loaded once at initialization time and an error is generated if a file is missing.

--repeat count

Repeat the insertion of a complete cycle of sections the specified number of times.

By default, the sections are infinitely repeated.

-r
--replace

Replace the content of an existing PID. Do not steal stuffing.

-s
--stuffing

-t
--terminate

Terminate packet processing when section insertion is complete. Meaningful only when --repeat is specified. By default, when section insertion is complete, the transmission continues and the stuffing is no longer modified (if --replace is specified, the PID is then replaced by stuffing).

--xml

Specify that all input files are XML, regardless of their file name.

Sections files options

These options affect the way sections are loaded from binary, XML or JSON files. They are used in commands tspacketize, tstabcomp, and plugin inject.

--eit-actual

With --eit-normalization, generate all EIT Actual. Same as --eit-actual-pf --eit-actual-schedule.

--eit-actual-pf

With --eit-normalization, generate EIT p/f Actual. If no EIT selection option is specified, all EIT’s are generated.

--eit-actual-schedule

With --eit-normalization, generate EIT Schedule Actual. If no EIT selection option is specified, all EIT’s are generated.

--eit-base-date date

With --eit-normalization, use the specified date as reference for the allocation of the various EIT events in sections and segments.

--eit-normalization

Reorganize all EIT sections according to the rules from [ETSI-101-211].

EIT present/following: One single EIT p/f subtable is built per service. It is split in two sections, one for present and one for following events.
EIT schedule: All EIT schedule are kept but they are completely reorganized. All events are extracted and spread over new EIT sections according to ETSI TS 101 211 rules.

If several files are specified, the reorganization of EIT’s is performed inside each file independently. This is fine as long as all EIT’s for a given service are in the same input file.

4.41. ip (input)

UDP/IP unicast or multicast input

This input plugin receives TS packets from UDP/IP, multicast or unicast.

The received UDP datagrams are analyzed and all TS packets are extracted. Optional extra data at the beginning of the datagram (such as RTP headers) are discarded.

Using this plugin forces tsp and all plugins to use their real-time defaults (see the reference documentation for tsp).

Input timestamps

When the input is an RTP stream, the RTP timestamp value is used as input timestamp by tsp.

On Linux systems, the kernel reports a system timestamp for each UDP datagram. This value is used as input timestamp by tsp for all TS packets in the UDP datagram.

Usage

$ tsp -I ip [options] [[source@]address:]port

Parameter

[[source@]address:]port

The parameter [address:]port describes the destination of UDP packets to receive. The port part is mandatory and specifies the UDP port to listen on. The address part is optional. It specifies an IP multicast address to listen on. It can be also a host name that translates to a multicast address.

An optional source address can be specified as source@address:port in the case of source-specific multicast (SSM).

If the address is not specified, the plugin simply listens on the specified local port and receives the packets which are sent to one of the local (unicast) IP addresses of the system.

UDP reception options

-b value
--buffer-size value

Specify the UDP socket receive buffer size in bytes (socket option).

--default-interface

Let the system find the appropriate local interface on which to listen. By default, listen on all local interfaces.

--disable-multicast-loop

Disable multicast loopback.

By default, incoming multicast packets are looped back on local interfaces, if an application sends packets to the same group from the same system. This option disables this.

Warning: On input sockets, this option is effective only on Windows systems. On UNIX systems (Linux, macOS, BSD), this option applies only to output sockets.

-f
--first-source

Filter UDP packets based on the source address. Use the sender address of the first received packet as only allowed source.

This option is useful when several sources send packets to the same destination address and port. Accepting all packets could result in a corrupted stream and only one sender shall be accepted.

To allow a more precise selection of the sender, use option --source. Options --first-source and --source are mutually exclusive.

-l address
--local-address address

Specify the IP address of the local interface on which to listen. It can be also a host name that translates to a local address. By default, listen on all local interfaces.

--no-reuse-port

Disable the reuse port socket option. Do not use unless completely necessary.

--receive-timeout value

Specify the UDP reception timeout in milliseconds. This timeout applies to each receive operation, individually. By default, receive operations wait for data, possibly forever.

-r
--reuse-port

Set the reuse port socket option. This is now enabled by default, the option is present for legacy only.

--rs204

Specify that all packets are in 204-byte format. By default, the input packet size, 188 or 204 bytes, is automatically detected. Use this option only when necessary.

-s address[:port]
--source address[:port]

Filter UDP packets based on the specified source address.

This option is useful when several sources send packets to the same destination address and port. Accepting all packets could result in a corrupted stream and only one sender shall be accepted.

Options --first-source and --source are mutually exclusive.

--ssm

This option forces the usage of source-specific multicast (SSM) using the source address which is specified by the option --source. Without --ssm, standard ("any-source") multicast is used and the option --source is used to filter incoming packets.

The --ssm option is implicit when the classical SSM syntax source@address:port is used.

Other options

-d value
--display-interval value

Specify the interval in seconds between two displays of the evaluated real-time input bitrate. The default is to never display the bitrate. This option is ignored if --evaluation-interval is not specified.

-e value
--evaluation-interval value

Specify that the real-time input bitrate shall be evaluated on a regular basis. The value specifies the number of seconds between two evaluations. By default, the real-time input bitrate is never evaluated and the input bitrate is evaluated from the PCR in the input packets.

--timestamp-priority name

Specify how the input timestamp of each packet is computed.

The name specifies an ordered list of timestamp sources. The first available timestamp value is used as input timestamp. The name must be one of rtp-kernel-tsp, kernel-rtp-tsp, kernel-tsp, rtp-tsp, tsp.

The possible timestamp sources are:

rtp: The RTP time stamp, when the UDP packet is an RTP packet.
kernel: A kernel-provided timestamp for the packet, when available (Linux only).
tsp: A software timestamp, provided by tsp when the input plugin returns a chunk of packets. The tsp-provided timestamp is always available, always comes last and is less precise.

The default is rtp-kernel-tsp.

Generic input plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all input plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.42. ip (output)

UDP/IP unicast or multicast output

This output plugin sends TS packets using UDP/IP, multicast or unicast.

Each UDP datagram is filled with one or more TS packets (see option --packet-burst). By default, the datagrams contain TS packets without any extra information or encapsulation. Use the option --rtp to generate RTP datagrams.

Using this plugin forces tsp and all plugins to use their real-time defaults (see the reference documentation for tsp).

Usage

$ tsp -O ip [options] address:port

Parameters

address:port

The parameter address:port describes the destination for UDP packets. The address specifies an IP address which can be either unicast or multicast. It can be also a host name that translates to an IP address. The port specifies the destination UDP port.

UDP options

-e
--enforce-burst

Enforce that the number of TS packets per UDP packet is exactly what is specified in option --packet-burst. By default, this is only a maximum value.

For instance, without --enforce-burst and the default --packet-burst value (7 packets), if the output plugin receives 16 TS packets, it immediately sends 3 UDP packets containing 7, 7 and 2 TS packets respectively.

With option --enforce-burst, only the first 14 TS packets would be sent, using 2 UDP packets. The remaining 2 TS packets are buffered, delaying their departure until 5 more TS packets are available.

-p value
--packet-burst value

Specifies the maximum number of TS packets to be grouped into each UDP datagram.

The default is 7, the maximum is 128.

--rs204

Use a 204-byte format for TS packets in UDP datagrams. Each TS packet is followed by a 16-byte trailer. If the input packet contained a trailer, it is copied. Otherwise, the trailer is set to all 0xFF.

In DVB networks, the 16-byte trailer, when present, contains a Reed-Solomon outer FEC which is rarely transmitted on IP networks. In ISDB-T networks, on the other hand, the 16-byte trailer contains modulation information which is commonly retransmitted on IP networks.

IP options

-b value
--buffer-size value

Specify the UDP socket send buffer size in bytes (socket option). The actual impact depends on the operating system. Be sure to check the specificities of your system.

-d
--disable-multicast-loop

Disable multicast loopback.

By default, outgoing multicast packets are looped back on local interfaces, if an application added membership on the same multicast group. This option disables this.

Warning: On output sockets, this option is effective only on UNIX systems (Linux, macOS, BSD). On Windows systems, this option applies only to input sockets.

-f
--force-local-multicast-outgoing

When the destination is a multicast address and --local-address is specified, this option forces the multicast outgoing traffic on this local interface (using the socket option IP_MULTICAST_IF).

Use this option with care. Its usage depends on the operating system. If no route is declared at system level for the multicast destination address, this option may be necessary to force the multicast to the specified local interface. On the other hand, if a route is declared, this option may transport multicast IP packets in unicast Ethernet frames to the gateway, preventing multicast reception on the local network (this has been seen on Linux).

-l address
--local-address address

When the destination is a multicast address, specify the IP address of the outgoing local interface. It can be also a host name that translates to a local address.

--local-port value

Specify the local UDP source port for outgoing packets. By default, a random source port is used.

-s value
--tos value

Specifies the TOS (Type-Of-Service) socket option. Depending on the specified value or on the operating system, this option may require privileges or may even have no effect at all.

-t value
--ttl value

Specifies the TTL (Time-To-Live) socket option. The actual option is either "Unicast TTL" or "Multicast TTL", depending on the destination address.

Warning: Remember than the default Multicast TTL is 1 on most systems.

RTP options

-r
--rtp

Use the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) in output UDP datagrams.

By default, TS packets are sent in UDP datagrams without encapsulation.

--payload-type value

With --rtp, specify the payload type.

By default, use 33, the standard RTP type for MPEG2-TS. Do not modify unless there is a good reason to do so.

--pcr-pid value

With --rtp, specify the PID containing the PCR’s which are used as reference for RTP timestamps.

By default, use the first PID containing PCR’s.

--ssrc-identifier value

With --rtp, specify the SSRC identifier.

By default, use a random value. Do not modify unless there is a good reason to do so.

--start-sequence-number value

With --rtp, specify the initial sequence number.

By default, use a random value. Do not modify unless there is a good reason to do so.

Generic output plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all output plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.43. ip (packet processing)

UDP/IP unicast or multicast output and pass to next plugin

This plugin sends TS packets using UDP/IP, multicast or unicast and passes them to the next plugin in the chain.

This is a convenience to send an intermediate state of the stream over UDP without using the fork plugin. The options are the same as the ip output plugin, except --enforce-burst which is not present. In packet processing plugins, TS packets are processed one by one. To avoid a suboptimal usage of the UDP datagrams, burst is always enforced in this plugin.

Using this plugin forces tsp and all plugins to use their real-time defaults (see the reference documentation for tsp).

Usage

$ tsp -O ip [options] address:port

Parameters

address:port

UDP options

-p value
--packet-burst value

Specifies the maximum number of TS packets to be grouped into each UDP datagram.

The default is 7, the maximum is 128.

--rs204

IP options

-b value
--buffer-size value

Specify the UDP socket send buffer size in bytes (socket option). The actual impact depends on the operating system. Be sure to check the specificities of your system.

-d
--disable-multicast-loop

Disable multicast loopback.

By default, outgoing multicast packets are looped back on local interfaces, if an application added membership on the same multicast group. This option disables this.

Warning: On output sockets, this option is effective only on UNIX systems (Linux, macOS, BSD). On Windows systems, this option applies only to input sockets.

-f
--force-local-multicast-outgoing

When the destination is a multicast address and --local-address is specified, this option forces the multicast outgoing traffic on this local interface (using the socket option IP_MULTICAST_IF).

-l address
--local-address address

When the destination is a multicast address, specify the IP address of the outgoing local interface. It can be also a host name that translates to a local address.

--local-port value

Specify the local UDP source port for outgoing packets. By default, a random source port is used.

-s value
--tos value

Specifies the TOS (Type-Of-Service) socket option. Depending on the specified value or on the operating system, this option may require privileges or may even have no effect at all.

-t value
--ttl value

Specifies the TTL (Time-To-Live) socket option. The actual option is either "Unicast TTL" or "Multicast TTL", depending on the destination address.

Warning: Remember than the default Multicast TTL is 1 on most systems.

RTP options

-r
--rtp

Use the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) in output UDP datagrams.

By default, TS packets are sent in UDP datagrams without encapsulation.

--payload-type value

With --rtp, specify the payload type.

By default, use 33, the standard RTP type for MPEG2-TS. Do not modify unless there is a good reason to do so.

--pcr-pid value

With --rtp, specify the PID containing the PCR’s which are used as reference for RTP timestamps.

By default, use the first PID containing PCR’s.

--ssrc-identifier value

With --rtp, specify the SSRC identifier.

By default, use a random value. Do not modify unless there is a good reason to do so.

--start-sequence-number value

With --rtp, specify the initial sequence number.

By default, use a random value. Do not modify unless there is a good reason to do so.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.44. isdbinfo

Extract ISDB-T information from the stream

The structure of ISDB-T and ISDB-Tb streams contains meta-information about the modulation in "hidden" places. This plugin extracts this information.

The 16-byte trailer after each standard 188-byte TS packet contains modulation information. The [ARIB-B31] standard names this trailer the dummy byte. The input plugin must have loaded 204-byte packets to access this information. See section 2.1.3 for additional details.
The PID 0x1FF0 carries "ISDB-T Information Packets" (IIP). This PID is otherwise unreferenced in the signalization.

Usage

$ tsp -P isdbinfo [options]

Options

-c
--continuity

Check presence and continuity of the dummy byte trailers and packet counters.

-i
--iip

Dump all ISDB-T Information Packets (IIP).

-o file-name
--output-file file-name

Specify the output text file.

By default, use tsp log messages for --continuity warnings and the standard output for other reports.

-p value
--pid-iip value

Specify the PID carrying ISDB-T Information Packets (IIP).

The default IIP PID is 0x1FF0 (8176).

-s
--statistics

Display final statistics of ISDB-T information.

-t
--trailers

Dump the ISDB-T information in all dummy byte trailers.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.45. limit

Limit the global bitrate by dropping packets

This plugin limits the global bitrate of the transport stream. Packets are dropped when necessary to maintain the overall bitrate below a given maximum. The bitrate is computed from PCR’s (the default) or from the processing wall clock time.

Packets are not dropped randomly. Some packets are more likely to be dropped than others. When the bitrate exceeds the maximum, the number of packets in excess is permanently recomputed. The type of packets to drop depends on the number of packets in excess. There are several thresholds which are specified by the corresponding options:

Below --threshold1, only null packets are dropped.
Below --threshold2, if --pid options are specified, video packets from the specified PID’s are dropped (except packets containing a PUSI or a PCR).
Below --threshold3, if --pid options are specified, all packets (not only video) from the specified PID’s are dropped (except packets containing a PUSI or a PCR).
Below --threshold4, packets from any video or audio PID are dropped (except packets containing a PUSI or a PCR).
Above the last threshold, any packet can be dropped.

Note: All thresholds, except the last one, can be disabled using a zero value.

Usage

$ tsp -P limit [options]

Options

-b value
--bitrate value

Limit the overall bitrate of the transport stream to the specified value in bits/second. This is a mandatory option, there is no default.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

-p pid1[-pid2]
--pid pid1[-pid2]

Specify PID’s the content of which can be dropped when the maximum bitrate is exceeded.

Several --pid options can be specified.

-1 value
--threshold1 value

Specify the first threshold for the number of packets in excess. The default is 10 packets.

-2 value
--threshold2 value

Specify the second threshold for the number of packets in excess. The default is 100 packets.

-3 value
--threshold3 value

Specify the third threshold for the number of packets in excess. The default is 500 packets.

-4 value
--threshold4 value

Specify the fourth threshold for the number of packets in excess. The default is 1000 packets.

-w
--wall-clock

Compute bitrates based on real wall-clock time. The option is meaningful with live streams only. By default, compute bitrates based on PCR’s.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.46. memory (input)

Direct memory input from an application

This input plugin receives TS packets from the calling application using memory buffers.

This is a developer plugin. It is useful only to C++, Java or Python developers who run an instance of TSProcessor pipeline inside their applications and want this application to directly interact with the input of the pipeline. Using this plugin in a tsp command line does nothing.

In practice, this plugin is useful to Java and Python developers only since it is not possible to develop TSDuck plugins in these languages. To develop some custom form of transport stream input, C++ developers should rather develop their own input plugin. This is simpler and more efficient than handling input events for the memory plugin.

Developers may start from the sample code which is available for the three languages in the TSDuck source code tree in the directory sample/sample-memory-plugins.

Principle of operation

Each time the memory input plugin needs to receive TS packets, it signals an event. The application shall register an event handler which handles this event and waits for input packets as long as necessary. When input packets are available, the event handler returns them to the memory plugin.

The way an event handler returns data to the plugin depends on the language:

In C++, the event data is an instance of PluginEventData pointing to the input buffer. The event handler shall return TS packets in this buffer.
In Java, the event handler shall pass a byte[] containing the TS packets to the method setOutputData() of the PluginEventContext.
In Python, the event handler shall return a bytearray containing the TS packets.

Returning zero packet (or not handling the event at all) means end if input.

Usage

$ tsp -I memory [options]

Options

-e value
--event-code value

Event code of the plugin event which is signalled each time the plugin needs input packets.

The default is zero.

Specifying a non-default value is necessary only when the application registers its input event handler by event code value. If the application registers its event handler by plugin type (here for input plugins), it is not necessary to specify an event code value.

Generic input plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all input plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.47. memory (output)

Direct memory output to an application

This output plugin sends TS packets to the calling application using memory buffers.

This is a developer plugin. It is useful only to C++, Java or Python developers who run an instance of TSProcessor pipeline inside their applications and want this application to directly interact with the output of the pipeline. Using this plugin in a tsp command line does nothing.

In practice, this plugin is useful to Java and Python developers only since it is not possible to develop TSDuck plugins in these languages. To develop some custom form of transport stream output, C++ developers should rather develop their own output plugin. This is simpler and more efficient than handling output events for the memory plugin.

Developers may start from the sample code which is available for the three languages in the TSDuck source code tree in the directory sample/sample-memory-plugins.

Principle of operation

Each time the memory output plugin needs to send TS packets, it signals an event. The application shall register an event handler which handles this event. The TS packets to output are referenced by the event data.

In C++, the event data is an instance of PluginEventData pointing to the output TS packets. To abort the transmission, the event handler shall set the error indicator in the event data.
In Java, the event handler receives the TS packets in the event data array of bytes. To abort the transmission, the event handler shall return false.
In Python, the event handler receives the TS packets in the event data bytearray. To abort the transmission, the event handler shall return False.

Usage

$ tsp -O memory [options]

Options

-e value
--event-code value

Event code of the plugin event which is signalled each time the plugin outputs packets.

The default is zero.

Specifying a non-default value is necessary only when the application registers its output event handler by event code value. If the application registers its event handler by plugin type (here for output plugins), it is not necessary to specify an event code value.

Generic output plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all output plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.48. merge

Merge TS packets coming from the standard output of a command

This plugin creates a process. This process is expected to write TS packets on its standard output. The resulting transport stream is merged with the main transport stream which is processed by tsp and the chain of plugins.

As usual with tsp plugins, the TS packets which come from the merged transport stream are inserted into the main transport stream by replacing stuffing packets. The obvious requirement is that the stuffing bitrate of the main stream is greater than the overall bitrate of the merged stream. Otherwise, it wouldn’t fit in the main transport steam.

Typically (although not required), the created process is another tsp command which prepares the merged transport stream. Preparing the transport stream may include reducing the bitrate by removing stuffing and services, remapping PID’s or renaming services which could conflict with existing PID’s or services in the other transport stream.

By default, the following operations are performed while merging transport streams. These defaults can be changed using appropriate options.

The PAT and SDT from the merged transport stream are merged into the corresponding tables in the main transport stream. The merged services are consequently correctly referenced in the main transport stream.
More precisely, the PAT and SDT tables in the main transport stream are modified to include all services from the merged stream. The original PAT and SDT PID’s from the merged stream are nullified.
Similarly, the CAT is also merged so that EMM PID’s from the merged transport stream are correctly referenced in the main transport stream.
Warning: The CAT is an optional table, and the merge plugin will not create one if there is none. If you want to make sure that a merged CAT will be present, use an instance of the cat plugin before merge.
The EIT sections from the two transport streams are merged. Unlike PAT, SDT and CAT, the EIT sections are left unmodified. The EIT sections from the two streams are interspersed into one larger EIT PID.
The PID’s 0x00 to 0x1F are dropped from the merged transport stream. These PID’s contain the base PSI/SI which are normally present in all transport streams. Merging these PID’s would create conflicts. Instead, the most important PSI/SI tables are correctly merged as previously described (unless --no-psi-merge is used).
All other PID’s are passed. This can be modified using options --drop and --pass.
PID conflicts are detected. If packets from the same PID are found in the two transport streams, the PID is dropped from the merged stream.
In packets coming from the merged transport stream, the PCR’s are restamped according to their new placement in the main transport stream.

Usage

$ tsp -P merge [options] 'command'

Parameters

'command'

The command parameter specifies the shell command to execute in the forked process. The standard output of this process is a pipe into which the TS packets are written. If the command contains spaces or shell special sequences, the complete command string must be surrounded by quotes.

Options

--acceleration-threshold value

When the insertion of the merged stream is smoothened, packets are inserted in the main stream at some regular interval, leaving additional packets in the queue until their natural insertion point. However, to avoid losing packets, if the number of packets in the queue is above the specified threshold, the insertion is accelerated.

When set to zero, insertion is never accelerated, the packet queue may overflow, and packets may be dropped.

The default threshold is half the size of the packet queue. See option --max-queue.

-b value
--bitrate value

Specify the target bitrate of the merged stream, in bits/seconds.

By default, the bitrate of the merged stream is computed from its PCR.

The value of the bitrate of the merged stream is used to smoothen packet insertion in the main stream.

-d pid[-pid]
--drop pid[-pid]

Drop the specified PID or range of PID’s from the merged stream. Several options --drop can be specified.

-f name
--format name

Specify the format of the input transport stream. See section 2.1.2 for more details.

-i
--ignore-conflicts

Ignore PID conflicts. By default, when packets with the same PID are present in the two streams, the PID is dropped from the merged stream.

Warning: this is a dangerous option which can result in an inconsistent transport stream.

--incremental-pcr-restamp

When restamping PCR’s from the merged TS into the main TS, compute each new PCR from the last restampted one.

By default, all PCR’s are restampted from the initial PCR in the PID.

The default method is more precise on constant bitrate (CBR) streams. The incremental method gives better results on variable bitrate (VBR) streams.

4.49. mpe

Extract MPE (Multi-Protocol Encapsulation) datagrams

This plugin extracts MPE (Multi-Protocol Encapsulation) datagrams from one or more PID’s. The extracted datagrams can be either forwarded on the local network, saved in a binary file or simply logged for monitoring. See [ETSI-301-192] for more details on MPE.

The extracted datagrams must be valid UDP/IP datagrams. Otherwise, they are ignored. When saved in a binary file or forwarded on the network, only the UDP payload is used. The original IP and UDP headers are dropped.

If the extracted datagrams are forwarded on the local network, it is recommended to activate the real-time defaults of tsp using the option --realtime (see the reference documentation for tsp).

Usage

$ tsp -P mpe [options]

General options

-m value
--max-datagram value

Specify the maximum number of datagrams to extract, then stop. By default, all datagrams are extracted.

-p pid1[-pid2]
--pid pid1[-pid2]

Extract MPE datagrams from these PID’s. Several --pid options may be specified. When no PID is specified, use all PID’s carrying MPE which are properly declared in the signalization.

MPE filtering options

-d address[:port]
--destination address[:port]

Filter MPE UDP datagrams based on the specified destination IP address.

--net-size value

Specify the exact size in bytes of the complete network datagrams to filter, including IP headers.

This option is incompatible with --min-net-size and --max-net-size.

--min-net-size value

Specify the minimum size in bytes of the complete network datagrams to filter.

--max-net-size value

Specify the maximum size in bytes of the complete network datagrams to filter.

-s address[:port]
--source address[:port]

Filter MPE UDP datagrams based on the specified source IP address.

--udp-size value

Specify the exact size in bytes of the UDP datagrams to filter.

This option is incompatible with --min-udp-size and --max-udp-size.

--min-udp-size value

Specify the minimum size in bytes of the UDP datagrams to filter.

--max-udp-size value

Specify the maximum size in bytes of the UDP datagrams to filter.

Display options

--dump-datagram

With --log or --log-hexa-line, dump each complete network datagram.

--dump-max value

With --dump-datagram, --dump-udp or --log-hexa-line, specify the maximum number of bytes to dump. By default, dump everything.

--dump-udp

With --log or --log-hexa-line, dump the UDP payload of each network datagram.

-l
--log

Log all MPE datagrams using a short summary for each of them.

--log-hexa-line[='prefix']

Same as --log but log the full content of each datagram as one single hexadecimal line in the message logger. Dump either the full datagram (the default) or the UDP payload (with --dump-udp).

The optional string parameter specifies a prefix to prepend on the log line before the hexadecimal text to facilitate the filtering of the appropriate line in the logs.

--skip value

With --output-file, --dump-datagram, --dump-udp or --log-hexa-line, specify the initial number of bytes to skip. By default, save or dump from the beginning.

--sync-layout

With --log, display the layout of 0x47 sync bytes in the UDP payload.

Save options

-a
--append

With --output-file, if the file already exists, append to the end of the file. By default, existing files are overwritten.

-o filename
--output-file filename

Specify that the extracted UDP datagrams are saved in this file. The UDP messages are written without any encapsulation.

UDP forwarding options

--local-address address

With --udp-forward, specify the IP address of the outgoing local interface for multicast traffic. It can be also a host name that translates to a local address.

--local-port value

With --udp-forward, specify the local UDP source port for outgoing packets.

By default, a random source port is used.

-r address[:port]
--redirect address[:port]

With --udp-forward, redirect all UDP datagrams to the specified socket address.

By default, all datagram are forwarded to their original destination address. If you specify a redirected address, it is recommended to use --destination to filter a specific stream.

If the port is not specified, the original destination port from the MPE datagram is used.

--ttl value

With --udp-forward, specify the TTL (Time-To-Live) socket option.

The actual option is either Unicast TTL or Multicast TTL, depending on the destination address.

By default, use the same TTL as specified in the received MPE encapsulated datagram.

-u
--udp-forward

Forward all received MPE encapsulated UDP datagrams on the local network.

By default, the destination address and port of each datagram is left unchanged. The source address of the forwarded datagrams will be the address of the local machine.

Developers options

The following options are reserved to C++, Java or Python developers. They are useful only when the plugin is used inside a custom application.

--event-code value

Signal a plugin event with the specified code for each MPE packet.

The event data is an instance of PluginEventData pointing to the network datagram (default) or the UDP payload (with --dump-udp).

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.50. mpeinject

Inject an incoming UDP stream into MPE (Multi-Protocol Encapsulation)

This plugin receives UDP datagrams from the local network, encapsulates them, and inserts them in an MPE (Multi-Protocol Encapsulation) PID. See [ETSI-301-192] for more details on MPE.

By default, the inserted PID containing MPE sections replaces null packets.

Using this plugin forces tsp and all plugins to use their real-time defaults (see the reference documentation for tsp).

Usage

$ tsp -P mpeinject [options] [[source@]address:]port ...

Parameter

[[source@]address:]port

The parameter [address:]port describes the destination of incoming UDP datagrams. All datagrams which are received on this stream will be MPE-encapsulated.

The port part is mandatory and specifies the UDP port to listen on. The address part is optional. It specifies an IP multicast address to listen on. It can be also a host name that translates to a multicast address.

An optional source address can be specified as source@address:port in the case of source-specific multicast (SSM).

If the address is not specified, the plugin simply listens on the specified local port and receives the packets which are sent to one of the local (unicast) IP addresses of the system.

Several [address:]port parameters can be specified to receive multiple UDP streams. All UDP streams are multiplexed in the same output MPE PID.

When several [address:]port parameters are specified with the same port value, this may work or not, depending on the operating system.

UDP reception options

These options apply to the incoming UDP/IP stream from the local network.

-b value
--buffer-size value

Specify the UDP socket receive buffer size in bytes (socket option).

--default-interface

Let the system find the appropriate local interface on which to listen. By default, listen on all local interfaces.

--disable-multicast-loop

Disable multicast loopback.

By default, incoming multicast packets are looped back on local interfaces, if an application sends packets to the same group from the same system. This option disables this.

Warning: On input sockets, this option is effective only on Windows systems. On UNIX systems (Linux, macOS, BSD), this option applies only to output sockets.

-f
--first-source

Filter UDP packets based on the source address. Use the sender address of the first received packet as only allowed source. This option is useful when several sources send packets to the same destination address and port. Accepting all packets could result in a corrupted stream and only one sender shall be accepted. To allow a more precise selection of the sender, use option --source. Options --first-source and --source are mutually exclusive.

-l address
--local-address address

Specify the IP address of the local interface on which to listen. It can be also a host name that translates to a local address.

If several [address:]port parameters are specified, several --local-address options can be specified, one for each received stream, in the same order as the [address:]port parameters. If there are less --local-address options than receivers, the last --local-address option applies to remaining receivers.

By default, listen on all local interfaces.

--no-reuse-port

Disable the reuse port socket option. Do not use unless completely necessary.

--receive-timeout value

Specify the UDP reception timeout in milliseconds. This timeout applies to each receive operation, individually.

By default, receive operations wait for data, possibly forever.

-r
--reuse-port

Set the reuse port socket option. This is now enabled by default, the option is present for legacy only.

-s address[:port]
--source address[:port]

Filter UDP packets based on the specified source address.

This option is useful when several sources send packets to the same destination address and port. Accepting all packets could result in a corrupted stream and only one sender shall be accepted.

If several [address:]port parameters are specified, several --source options can be specified, one for each received stream, in the same order as the [address:]port parameters. If there are less --source options than receivers, the last --source option applies to remaining receivers.

Options --first-source and --source are mutually exclusive.

--ssm

The --ssm option is implicit when the classical SSM syntax source@address:port is used.

MPE encapsulation options

These options specify how the incoming UDP datagrams are encapsulated into MPE sections.

--mac-address nn:nn:nn:nn:nn:nn

Specify the default destination MAC address to set in MPE sections for unicast IP packets. The default is 00:00:00:00:00:00.

For multicast IP packets, the MAC address is automatically computed.

--new-destination address[:port]

Change the destination IP address and UDP port of the network datagram in MPE sections. If the port is not specified, the original destination port from the UDP datagram is used.

If several [address:]port parameters are specified, several --new-destination options can be specified, one for each received stream, in the same order as the [address:]port parameters. If there are less --new-destination options than receivers, the last --new-destination option applies to remaining receivers.

By default, the destination address is not modified.

--new-source address[:port]

Change the source IP address and UDP port of the network datagram in MPE sections. If the port is not specified, the original source port from the UDP datagram is used.

If several [address:]port parameters are specified, several --new-source options can be specified, one for each received stream, in the same order as the [address:]port parameters. If there are less --new-source options than receivers, the last --new-source option applies to remaining receivers.

By default, the source address is not modified.

Other options

--max-queue value

Specify the maximum number of queued UDP datagrams before their insertion into the MPE stream. The default is 32.

If incoming datagrams arrive too fast, and more than this number of UDP datagrams are internally buffered before having the opportunity to be inserted in the transport stream, additional datagrams are dropped and a warning message is reported.

--pack-sections

Specify to pack DSM-CC sections containing MPE datagrams. With this option, each DSM-CC section starts in the same TS packet as the previous section, when possible.

By default, the last TS packet of a DSM-CC section is stuffed and the next section starts in the next TS packet of the PID.

-p value
--pid value

Specify the PID into which the MPE datagrams shall be inserted. This is a mandatory parameter.

--replace

Replace the target PID if it exists. By default, the plugin only replaces null packets and tsp stops with an error if incoming packets are found with the target PID.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.51. mux

Inject TS packets in a transport stream

This plugin injects TS packets from a file into a transport stream, replacing packets from stuffing.

The name "mux" is probably a poor choice. This plugin a not a multiplexer in the common sense of Digital TV. It only injects packets as they arrive, without the advanced synchonization features which are usually expected from a real multiplexer.

Usage

$ tsp -P mux [options] input-file

Parameters

input-file

Name of the binary transport stream file to inject in the main transport stream.

Options

-b value
--bitrate value

Specifies the bitrate for the inserted packets, in bits/second.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

By default, all stuffing packets are replaced which means that the bitrate is neither constant nor guaranteed.

--byte-offset value

Start reading the file at the specified byte offset (default: 0).

This option is allowed only if the input file is a regular file.

--format name

Specify the format of the input transport stream. See section 2.1.2 for more details.

-i value
--inter-packet value

Specifies the packet interval for the inserted packets, that is to say the number of TS packets in the main transport between two new packets. Use instead of --bitrate if the global bitrate of the TS cannot be determined.

--inter-time milliseconds

Specifies the time interval for the inserted packets, that is to say the difference between the nearest PCR clock value at the point of insertion in milliseconds.

Example: --inter-time 1000 will keep roughly 1 second space between two inserted packets. The default is zero, it means inter-time is disabled. Use --pts-pid to specify the PID carrying the PCR clock of interest.

-j
--joint-termination

Perform a joint termination when the file insertion is complete. See the tsp reference documentation for more details on joint termination.

--max-insert-count value

Stop inserting packets after this number of packets was inserted.

--max-pts value

Stop inserting packets when this PTS time has passed in the --pts-pid.

--min-pts value

Start inserting packets when this PTS time has passed in the --pts-pid.

--no-continuity-update

Do not update continuity counters in the inserted packets. By default, the continuity counters are updated in each inserted PID to preserve the continuity.

--no-pid-conflict-check

Do not check PID conflicts between the TS and the new inserted packets. By default, the processing is aborted if packets from the same PID are found both in the TS and the inserted packets.

--packet-offset value

Start reading the file at the specified TS packet (default: 0). This option is allowed only if the input file is a regular file.

-p value
--pid value

Force the PID value of all inserted packets.

--pts-pid value

Defines the PID carrying PCR or PTS values for --min-pts and --max-pts. When no PTS values are found, PCR are used. PCR values are divided by 300, the system clock sub-factor, to get the corresponding PTS values.

-r count
--repeat count

Repeat the playout of the file the specified number of times.

By default, the file is infinitely repeated. This option is allowed only if the input file is a regular file.

--reset-label label1[-label2]

Clear the specified labels on the muxed packets.

Several --reset-label options may be specified.

--set-label label1[-label2]

Set the specified labels on the muxed packets.

Several --set-label options may be specified.

-t
--terminate

Terminate packet processing when the file insertion is complete. By default, when packet insertion is complete, the transmission continues and the stuffing is no longer modified.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.52. nit

Perform various transformations on a NIT

This plugin performs various transformations on a NIT, either the NIT-Actual or some specific NIT-Other. The other NIT’s, if present, are left unchanged.

Usage

$ tsp -P nit [options]

Options

--build-service-list-descriptors

Build service list descriptors in the NIT according to the information which is collected in the PAT and the SDT.

See also option --default-service-type.

--cleanup-private-descriptors

Remove all private descriptors without preceding private_data_specifier_descriptor.

--default-service-type value

With --build-service-list-descriptors, specify the default service type of services which are found in the PAT but not in the SDT.

By default, services without known service type are not added in created service list descriptors.

-l value
--lcn value

Specify which operation to perform on logical_channel_number (LCN) descriptors. The specified value is a positive integer:
1 : Remove all LCN descriptors.
2 : Remove one entry every two entries in each LCN descriptor.
3 : Duplicate one entry every two entries in each LCN descriptor.

--mpe-fec value

Set the MPE-FEC_indicator in all terrestrial_delivery_system_descriptors to the specified value (0 or 1).

--network-id id

Set the specified new value as network id in the NIT.

--network-name name

Set the specified value as network name in the NIT. Any existing network_name_descriptor is removed. A new network_name_descriptor is created with the new name.

-o id
--other id

Do not modify the NIT-Actual. Modify the NIT-Other with the specified network id.

--nit-other id

Same as --other (for compatibility).

--pds value

With option --remove-descriptor, specify the private data specifier which applies to the descriptor tag values above 0x80.

-p value
--pid value

Specify the PID on which the NIT is expected.

By default, use PID 16 (0x0010), as specified for DVB-compliant networks.

--remove-descriptor value

Remove from the NIT all descriptors with the specified tag.

Several --remove-descriptor options may be specified to remove several types of descriptors. See also option --pds.

-r value
--remove-service value

Remove the specified service_id from the following descriptors: service_list_descriptor, logical_channel_number_descriptor.

Several --remove-service options may be specified to remove several services.

--remove-ts value

Remove from the NIT all references to the transport stream with the specified transport stream id value.

Several --remove-ts options may be specified to remove several TS.

-s value
--sld value

Specify which operation to perform on service_list_descriptor. The value is a positive integer:
1 : Remove all service_list_descriptors.
2 : Remove one entry every two entries in each service_list_descriptor.

--time-slicing value

Set the Time_Slicing_indicator in all terrestrial_delivery_system_descriptors to the specified value (0 or 1).

Generic options for table manipulation

-b value
--bitrate value

Specifies the bitrate in bits / second of the PID containing the NIT if a new one is created.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

The default is 3000 b/s.

-c
--create

Create a new empty NIT if none was received after one second.

This is equivalent to --create-after 1000.

--create-after milliseconds

Create a new empty NIT if none was received after the specified number of milliseconds. If an actual NIT is received later, it will be used as the base for transformations instead of the empty one.

-i
--increment-version

Increment the version number of the NIT.

--inter-packet value

When a new NIT is created and --bitrate is not present, this option specifies the packet interval for the NIT PID, that is to say the number of TS packets in the transport between two packets of the PID.

Use instead of --bitrate if the global bitrate of the TS cannot be determined.

--patch-xml filename

Specify an XML patch file which is applied to each NIT on the fly. The XML patches are applied first. The other options of this plugin are applied on the patched table.

If the specified name starts with <?xml, it is considered as inline XML content, meaning that the string in the command line is directly the XML content and not a file name.

Several --patch-xml options can be specified. Patch files are sequentially applied on each table.

See section 2.6.4 for more details on XML patch files.

-v value
--new-version value

Specify a new value for the version of the NIT.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.53. nitscan

Scan NIT for tuning information

This plugin analyzes the NIT (Network Information Table) of the transport stream and outputs a list of tuning information, one per transport. The format of the tuning information is compatible with the dvb input plugin.

Usage

$ tsp -P nitscan [options]

Options

-a
--all-nits

Analyze all NIT’s (the NIT-Actual and all NIT-Other).

By default, only the NIT-Actual is analyzed.

-c[prefix]
--comment[=prefix]

Add a comment line before each tuning information. The optional prefix designates the comment prefix. If the option --comment is present but the prefix is omitted, the default prefix is '# '.

-d
--dvb-options

The characteristics of each transponder are formatted as a list of command-line options for the dvb input plugin such as --frequency, --symbol-rate, etc.

This is the default when no --save-channels or --update-channels is specified.

-n value
--network-id value

Specify the network-id of a NIT-Other to analyze instead of the NIT-Actual.

By default, the NIT-Actual is analyzed.

-o filename
--output-file filename

Specify the output text file for the analysis result. By default, use the standard output.

If you do not specify this option, be sure to redirect the output plugin to something different from the default. Otherwise, the text output of the analysis will be mixed with the binary output of the TS packets.

-p value
--pid value

Specify the PID on which the NIT is expected.

By default, the PAT is analyzed to get the PID of the NIT. DVB-compliant networks should use PID 16 (0x0010) for the NIT and signal it in the PAT.

--save-channels filename

Save the description of all transport streams in the specified XML file. See appendix B for more details on channels configuration files.

If the file name is a dash (-), use the default tuning configuration file.

4.54. null (input)

Null input packets generator

This input module generates null packets.

Usage

$ tsp -I null [options] [count]

Parameters

count

Specify the number of null packets to generate. After the last packet, an end-of-file condition is generated.

By default, if count is not specified, null packets are generated endlessly.

Options

-j
--joint-termination

When the number of null packets is specified, perform a joint termination when completed instead of unconditional termination. See the tsp reference documentation for more details on joint termination.

Generic input plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all input plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.55. pat

Null input packets generator

This plugin performs various transformations on the PAT.

Usage

$ tsp -P pat [options]

Options

-a sid/pid
--add-service sid/pid

Add the specified service_id / PMT-PID in the PAT.

Several --add-service options may be specified to add several services.

-n pid
--nit pid

Add or modify the NIT PID in the PAT.

-r sid
--remove-service sid

Remove the specified service_id from the PAT. Several --remove-service options may be specified to remove several services.

-u
--remove-nit

Remove the NIT PID from the PAT.

-t id
--ts-id id

--tsid id

Specify a new value for the transport stream id in the PAT.

Generic options for table manipulation

--bitrate value

Specifies the bitrate in bits / second of the PID containing the PAT if a new one is created.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

The default is 3000 b/s.

-c
--create

Create a new empty PAT if none was received after one second.

This is equivalent to --create-after 1000.

--create-after milliseconds

Create a new empty PAT if none was received after the specified number of milliseconds. If an actual PAT is received later, it will be used as the base for transformations instead of the empty one.

-i
--increment-version

Increment the version number of the PAT.

--inter-packet value

When a new PAT is created and --bitrate is not present, this option specifies the packet interval for the PAT PID, that is to say the number of TS packets in the transport between two packets of the PID.

Use instead of --bitrate if the global bitrate of the TS cannot be determined.

--patch-xml filename

Specify an XML patch file which is applied to each PAT on the fly. The XML patches are applied first. The other options of this plugin are applied on the patched table.

If the specified name starts with <?xml, it is considered as inline XML content, meaning that the string in the command line is directly the XML content and not a file name.

Several --patch-xml options can be specified. Patch files are sequentially applied on each table.

See section 2.6.4 for more details on XML patch files.

-v value
--new-version value

Specify a new value for the version of the PAT.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.56. pattern

Replace packet payload with a binary pattern

This plugin replaces the payload of TS packets with a binary pattern on selected PID’s. The resulting packets are meaningless on an MPEG standpoint but can be used to trace packets in order to debug transport stream routing problems either inside a transmission system or inside a set-top box.

Usage

$ tsp -P pattern [options] hexa-data

Parameter

hexa-data

Specifies the binary pattern to apply on TS packets payload. The value must be a string of hexadecimal digits specifying any number of bytes.

Options

-n
--negate

Negate the PID filter: modify packets on all PID’s, except the specified ones.

-o value
--offset-non-pusi value

Specify starting offset in payload of packets with the PUSI (payload unit start indicator) not set.

By default, the pattern replacement starts at the beginning of the packet payload (offset 0).

-u value
--offset-pusi value

Specify starting offset in payload of packets with the PUSI (payload unit start indicator) set.

By default, the pattern replacement starts at the beginning of the packet payload (offset 0).

-p pid1[-pid2]
--pid pid1[-pid2]

Select packets with these PID values.

Several --pid options may be specified to select multiple PID’s.

If no such option is specified, packets from all PID’s are modified.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.57. pcap (input)

Read TS packets from a pcap or pcap-ng file

This input plugin reads a pcap or pcap-ng file and extracts TS packets from UDP/IP captured datagrams. The UDP datagrams are analyzed and all TS packets are extracted. Optional extra data at the beginning of the datagram (such as RTP headers) are discarded.

The pcap or pcap-ng files are typically created by network analysis tools such as tcpdump or Wireshark. This plugin is consequently useful to analyze problems on IP/TV networks from a capture of the traffic.

To get a consistent transport stream, one single UDP stream (meaning one combination of destination IP address and UDP port) is selected and all TS packets in this UDP stream are read as input to 'tsp'. The UDP stream can be selected using option --destination. Without this option, the first UDP stream containing TS packets is selected. This default is convenient because most network captured traffic contains many different types of packets, TCP, UDP, multicast, unicast but only a few streams, maybe only one, contain transport stream packets.

In addition to extracting a transport stream from UDP/IP multicast, this plugin can also extract TS packets from a captured EMMG/PDG⇔MUX DVB SimulCrypt connection. In that kind of connection, an EMM or private data generator feeds a MUX with one or more data PID’s (usually EMM PID’s). With --tcp-emmg-mux or --udp-emmg-mux, the plugin extract the corresponding data or EMM PID’s.

Input timestamps

When the input is a captured RTP stream, the RTP timestamp value is used as input timestamp by tsp. Otherwise, the capture timestamp is used.

Usage

$ tsp -I pcap [options] [file-name]

Parameter

file-name

The optional parameter is the name of a .pcap or .pcapng capture file as produced by Wireshark for instance. This input plugin extracts IP/UDP datagrams which contain transport stream packets.

By default, when no file name is provided, use the standard input.

Options

-d [address][:port]
--destination [address][:port]

Filter UDP datagrams based on the specified destination socket address.

If only one of the address and port is specified, use the first UDP stream containing TS packets matching the provided criteria, address or port.

By default, use the destination of the first UDP stream containing TS packets.

Once a UDP stream is selected, either from this option or from the first UDP stream containing TS packets, only use UDP datagrams with this destination socket address.

--emmg-client-id value

With --tcp-emmg-mux or --udp-emmg-mux, select the EMMG⇔MUX client_id to extract.

By default, use all client ids.

--emmg-data-id value

With --tcp-emmg-mux or --udp-emmg-mux, select the EMMG⇔MUX data_id to extract.

By default, use all data ids.

-h
--http

Select a TCP stream in the pcap file using the HTTP protocol and extract TS packets from the response. To some extent, it also works with RTSP sessions.

The --source and --destination options define the TCP stream. At least one of the two shall be defined. If some address or port are undefined in these two options, the first TCP stream matching the specified portions is selected.

-m
--multicast-only

When there is no --destination option, select the first multicast address which is found in a UDP datagram containing TS packets.

By default, use the destination address of the first UDP datagram containing TS packets, unicast or multicast.

--rs204

Specify that all packets are in 204-byte format. By default, the input packet size, 188 or 204 bytes, is automatically detected. Use this option only when necessary.

-s [address][:port]
--source [address][:port]

Filter UDP datagrams based on the specified source socket address.

By default, do not filter on source address.

--tcp-emmg-mux

Select a TCP stream in the pcap file using the DVB SimulCrypt EMMG/PDG⇔MUX protocol.

The transport stream is made of the TS packets from the data_provision messages (the session must have been set in packet mode, not in section mode).

This option is typically used to extract EMM PID’s as produced by a standard EMMG which feeds a MUX.

The --source and --destination options define the TCP stream. If some address or port are undefined in these two options, the first TCP stream matching the specified portions is selected.

--timestamp-priority name

Specify how the input timestamp of each packet is computed. The name specifies an ordered list of timestamp sources. The first available timestamp value is used as input timestamp. The name must be one of rtp-pcap-tsp, pcap-rtp-tsp, pcap-tsp, rtp-tsp, tsp.

The possible timestamp sources are:

rtp: The RTP time stamp, when the UDP packet is an RTP packet.
pcap: pcap capture time stamp.
tsp: A software timestamp, provided by tsp when the input plugin returns a chunk of packets. The tsp-provided timestamp is always available, always comes last and is less precise.

The default is rtp-pcap-tsp.

--udp-emmg-mux

Consider each selected UDP datagram as containing a data_provision message, as defined by the DVB SimulCrypt EMMG/PDG⇔MUX protocol. The transport stream is made of the TS packets from these data_provision messages (the session must have been set in packet mode, not in section mode).

This option is typically used to extract EMM PID’s as produced by a standard EMMG which feeds a MUX.

By default, the UDP datagrams contain raw TS packets, with or without RTP headers.

Packet filtering options

--first-date date-time

Filter packets starting at the specified date. Use format YYYY/MM/DD:hh:mm:ss.mmm.

--first-packet value

Filter packets starting at the specified number.

The packet numbering counts all captured packets from the beginning of the file, starting at 1. This is the same value as seen on Wireshark in the leftmost column.

--first-timestamp micro-seconds

Filter packets starting at the specified timestamp in micro-seconds from the beginning of the capture. This is the same value as seen on Wireshark in the "Time" column (in seconds).

--last-date date-time

Filter packets up to the specified date. Use format YYYY/MM/DD:hh:mm:ss.mmm.

--last-packet value

Filter packets up to the specified number.

The packet numbering counts all captured packets from the beginning of the file, starting at 1. This is the same value as seen on Wireshark in the leftmost column.

--last-timestamp micro-seconds

Filter packets up to the specified timestamp in micro-seconds from the beginning of the capture. This is the same value as seen on Wireshark in the "Time" column (in seconds).

--vlan-id value

Filter packets from the specified VLAN id.

Generic input plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all input plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.58. pcradjust

Adjust PCR’s according to a constant bitrate

This plugin recomputes all PCR values, assuming that the transport stream has a constant bitrate.

In the general case, it is impossible to recompute PCR values in non-real-time streams with a variable bitrate because the instant bitrate is usually computed according to the PCR values which are found in the stream, hence assuming that these PCR values are correct and do not need any adjustment.

In each PID, the first PCR is left unmodified and all others are recomputed according to the constant bitrate and the distance between packets.

Usage

$ tsp -P pcradjust [options]

Options

-b value
--bitrate value

Specify a constant bitrate for the transport stream. The PCR values will be adjusted according to this bitrate.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

By default, use the input bitrate as reported by the input device or a previous plugin.

--ignore-dts

Do not modify DTS (decoding time stamps) values.

By default, the DTS are modified according to the PCR adjustment.

--ignore-pts

Do not modify PTS (presentation time stamps) values.

By default, the PTS are modified according to the PCR adjustment.

--ignore-scrambled

Do not modify PCR values on PID’s containing scrambled packets.

By default, on scrambled PID’s, the PCR’s are modified but not the PTS and DTS since they are scrambled. This may result in problems when playing video and audio.

--min-ms-interval milliseconds

Specify the minimum interval between two PCR’s in milliseconds.

On a given PID, if the interval between two PCR’s is larger than the minimum, the next null packet will be replaced with an empty packet with a PCR for that PID.

-p pid1[-pid2]
--pid pid1[-pid2]

Specifies PID’s where PCR, DTS and PTS values shall be adjusted.

Several --pid options may be specified.

By default, all PID’s are modified.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.59. pcrbitrate

Permanently recompute bitrate based on PCR’s

This plugin permanently recomputes the bitrate based on the analysis of PCR’s on the packets. All packets are transparently passed.

Normally, tsp determines the input bitrate at the input plugin: either the input plugin itself can report the actual input bitrate (from a hardware device for instance) or tsp computes the bitrate based on PCR analysis. Then, the bitrate information is automatically propagated from one plugin to another, up to the output plugin. The output plugin may use or ignore this information. Typically, output to a file ignores the bitrate information while output to a hardware device (ASI or modulator) will use it as device parameter.

There may be a problem if some packet processor plugin drops packets from the transport stream. The zap plugin, for instance, creates an SPTS containing only one service, dropping all other packets.

Let’s take an example: tsp is used to read a full MPTS from a file, extract one channel and send it to a Dektec ASI device. tsp reads the input bitrate (here, it analyzes the PCR from the input file and finds, say, 38 Mb/s). Then, tsp propagates this bitrate along the plugin chain, up to the output plugin. By default, the output plugin will send the SPTS at 38 Mb/s, the bitrate of the original MPTS, which is a non-sense since the "normal" bitrate of the SPTS is more likely something like 3 or 4 Mb/s.

By inserting the pcrbitrate plugin between the zap plugin and the dektec output plugin, the bitrate information will be altered and the output plugin receives a bitrate value which is consistent with the PCR’s in the SPTS.

Usage

$ tsp -P pcrbitrate [options]

Options

-d
--dts

Use DTS (Decoding Time Stamps) from video PID’s instead of PCR (Program Clock Reference) from the transport layer.

-i
--ignore-errors

Ignore transport stream errors such as discontinuities.

When errors are not ignored (the default), the bitrate of the original stream (before corruptions) is evaluated. When errors are ignored, the bitrate of the received stream is evaluated, missing packets being considered as non-existent.

--min-pcr value

Stop analysis when that number of PCR are read from the required minimum number of PID (default: 128).

--min-pid value

Minimum number of PID to get PCR from (default: 1).

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.60. pcrcopy

Copy and synchronize PCR’s from one PID to another

This plugin uses a PID with exiting PCR’s as time reference and copies or recomputes PCR’s in another PID.

Usage

$ tsp -P pcrcopy [options]

Options

-e packet-count
--every packet-count

Insert a PCR every N packets in the target PID.

By default, insert a PCR in packets with a payload unit start only.

--max-shift bytes

When a PCR is inserted in a TS packet which did not have one, the TS adaptation field must be created or extended. Consequently, the TS payload must be shrunk. The end of the payload must then be shifted to the next TS packet in the PID. When several PCR’s are included in the PID, shifted bytes accumulate. When enough shifted bytes have been accumulated to fill a TS packet, the next null packet is replaced by a new packet for the target PID.

If the transport stream does not include enough null packets to absorb the shifted bytes, there is a risk of overflow.

This options specifies the maximum number of target packet payload bytes which can be shifted, due to PCR insertion. When this value is reached, usually because of a lack of null packets, the current PES packet is truncated.

By default, allow the buffering of up to 16 packet payloads.

-n
--no-pusi

Do not insert a PCR in packets with a payload unit start indicator (PUSI).

By default, a PCR is inserted in all PUSI packets, even if --every is also specified.

--reference-label value

Packet label indicating the PID containing the reference PCR to copy. Each time a packet with that label is encountered, the reference PID switches to the PID of this packet, if different from the previous reference PID.

Exactly one of --reference-pid and --reference-label shall be specified.

-r value
--reference-pid value

PID containing the reference PCR to copy.

Exactly one of --reference-pid and --reference-label shall be specified.

--target-label value

Packet label indicating the PID containing the target PID into which PCR’s shall be created and copied. Each time a packet with that label is encountered, the target PID switches to the PID of this packet, if different from the previous target PID.

Exactly one of --target-pid and --target-label shall be specified.

-t value
--target-pid value

PID into which PCR’s shall be created and copied.

Exactly one of --target-pid and --target-label shall be specified.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.61. pcredit

Edit PCR, PTS and DTS values in various ways

This plugin edits PCR, PTS and DTS values in selected PID’s, shifting the corresponding timestamps.

Usage

$ tsp -P pcredit [options]

Options

--add-dts value

Add the specified quantity to all DTS values (can be negative).

See options --unit and --random for the interpretation of the value.

--add-pcr value

Add the specified quantity to all PCR values (can be negative).

See options --unit and --random for the interpretation of the value.

--add-pts value

Add the specified quantity to all PTS values (can be negative).

See options --unit and --random for the interpretation of the value.

-i
--ignore-scrambled

Do not modify PCR values on PID’s containing scrambled packets.

On scrambled PID’s, only the PCR’s can be modified. The PTS and DTS are scrambled and cannot be edited.

-n
--negate-pids

Negate the selection of --pid options.

All PID’s except the specified ones will have their timestamps edited.

-p pid1[-pid2]
--pid pid1[-pid2]

Specifies PID’s where PCR, DTS and PTS values shall be edited.

Several --pid options may be specified.

By default, all PID’s are modified.

-r
--random

The absolute values of --add-pcr, --add-dts, --add-pts are used as maximum values. For each time stamp to modify, the added value is a new random number in the range -n to +n where n is the absolute value of the corresponding parameter.

This option is typically used to intentionally corrupt time stamps.

-u name
--unit name

Specify the unit of numeric values for options such as --add-pcr, --add-pts or --add-dts.

Must be one of default, dts, millisecond, nanosecond, pcr, pts.

The default unit is default, meaning that each value is a raw number to be applied (--add-pcr value is in PCR units, --add-pts value is in PTS units, etc.)

Otherwise, it is possible to provide uniform values for all options in PCR units, PTS/DTS units (the same), nanoseconds or milliseconds. The specified values will be converted into the appropriate PCR or PTS/DTS units for each edited field.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.62. pcrextract

Extracts PCR, OPCR, PTS, DTS from TS packets

This plugin extracts PCR, OPCR, PTS and DTS from TS packets. The output is typically suitable for analysis with tools like Microsoft Excel.

Usage

$ tsp -P pcrextract [options]

Options

-c
--csv

Report data in CSV (comma-separated values) format. All values are reported in decimal. This is the default output format. It is suitable for later analysis using tools such as Microsoft Excel.

-d
--dts

Report Decoding Time Stamps (DTS).

By default, if none of --pcr, --opcr, --pts, --dts is specified, report them all.

-e
--evaluate-pcr-offset

Evaluate the offset from the PCR to PTS/DTS for packets with PTS/DTS but without PCR. This evaluation may be incorrect if the bitrate is not constant or incorrectly estimated.

By default, the offset is reported only for packets containing a PTS/DTS and a PCR.

-g
--good-pts-only

Keep only "good" PTS, ie. PTS which have a higher value than the previous good PTS. This eliminates PTS from out-of-sequence B-frames.

-i
--input-timestamp

Add an input timestamp of the corresponding TS packet, if available. This can be an RTP, SRT, kernel timestamp. This input timestamp value is always converted in PCR units.

In CSV output format, the type of input timestamp is indicated (rtp, srt, etc.), as well as the difference between the timestamp value and the input timestamp. If the timestamp is a PTS or DTS, the input timestamp is converted to the corresponding unit before computing the difference.

There is no synchronization between the input timestamps and the PCR, PTS, DTS in the stream. Therefore, the difference between a timestamp and its input timestamp is some arbitrary value. Inside a given PID, only the fluctuation of that difference is meaningful.

-l
--log

Report data in log format through the standard tsp logging system. All values are reported in hexadecimal.

-n
--noheader

Do not output initial header line in CSV format.

--opcr

Report Original Program Clock References (OPCR).

By default, if none of --pcr, --opcr, --pts, --dts is specified, report them all.

-o filename
--output-file filename

Output file name for CSV format (standard error by default).

--pcr

Report Program Clock References (PCR).

By default, if none of --pcr, --opcr, --pts, --dts is specified, report them all.

-p pid1[-pid2]
--pid pid1[-pid2]

Specifies PID’s to analyze. By default, all PID’s are analyzed.

Several --pid options may be specified.

--pts

Report Presentation Time Stamps (PTS).

By default, if none of --pcr, --opcr, --pts, --dts is specified, report them all.

--scte35

Also detect and report PTS in SCTE 35 commands. This option forces --log and --pts.

If no --pid option is specified, detect all PID’s carrying SCTE 35 splice information.

If some --pid options are specified, they designate PID’s carrying PCR or PTS. In that case, SCTE 35 commands are analyzed only from PID’s which are referenced by the same services as the specified --pid options.

-s 'string'
--separator 'string'

Field separator string in CSV format. The default is a comma (,).

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.63. pcrverify

Verify the PCR’s values

This plugin verifies the values of all PCR’s and report invalid values.

By default, each PCR is compared to its expected theoretical value as computed from the previous PCR value and the transport bitrate. Note that this method works perfectly on constant bitrate streams (CBR) only. With variable bitrate streams (VBR) with high amplitudes of variation, the reported errors are usually meaningless.

For real-time streams, it is possible to use the input timestamps as reference which is a better alternative for VBR streams.

Usage

$ tsp -P pcrverify [options]

Options

-a
--absolute

Use absolute values in PCR units. By default, use microseconds equivalent values (one microsecond = 27 PCR units).

-b value
--bitrate value

Verify the PCR’s according to this transport bitrate.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

By default, use the input bitrate as reported by the input device.

-i
--input-synchronous

Verify the PCR’s according to each packet input timestamp. See the documentation of tsp for a description of input timestamps.

This method is meaningful only with real-time input sources or if the input source can recreate reliable input timestamps (M2TS files for instance). With this option, the bitrate is ignored.

-j value
--jitter-max value

Maximum allowed jitter. PCR’s with a higher jitter are reported, others are ignored.

If --absolute, the specified value is in PCR units, otherwise it is in micro-seconds.

The default is 27,000 PCR units or 1,000 micro-seconds. Use --jitter 0 to check that all PCR have their exact expected value.

--jitter-unreal value

Maximum realistic jitter. Any jitter above this value is unrealistic and ignored (probably because of a PCR leap).

If --absolute, the specified value is in PCR units, otherwise it is in micro-seconds.

The default is 270,000,000 PCR units (10 seconds).

-p pid1[-pid2]
--pid pid1[-pid2]

PID filter: select packets with these PID values.

Several --pid options may be specified. Without --pid option, PCR’s from all PID’s are used.

-t
--time-stamp

Display time of each event.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.64. pes

Analyze PES packets

This plugin detects and analyzes PES packets in all selected PID’s (all PID’s by default). Note that, without any option, this plugin does not report anything, you need to specify what you want to analyze.

Usage

$ tsp -P pes [options]

Options

-a
--audio-attributes

Display audio attributes such as audio layer, stereo mode or sampling rate in MPEG-1, MPEG-2, AC-3 and Enhanced-AC-3 audio.

--avc-access-unit

Dump all AVC (H.264), HEVC (H.265) or VVC (H.266) access units (aka "NALunits").

-b
--binary

Include binary dump in addition to hexadecimal.

-f
--flush-last-unbounded-pes

At end of stream, consider the last unbounded PES packet as complete in each PID.

By default, there is no guarantee that the unbounded buffered data at end of stream form a valid PES packet and they are discarded.

--h26x-default-format name

The video formats AVC (H.264), HEVC (H.265) and VVC (H.266) use the same binary bitstream format. But the formats of their NALunits are different.

When analyzing PES packets of one of these formats, the plugin must know which the actual one is. This is usually automatically done from the stream type in the PMT of the service. However, if the PID is unreferenced or if the PMT was previously filtered out, this option indicates which format to use.

Must be one of AVC, H.264, HEVC, H.265, VVC, H.266. The default is AVC.

-h
--header

Dump all PES packets header.

-i
--intra-image

Report intra images.

-x value
--max-dump-count value

Specify the maximum number of times data dump occurs with options --trace-packets, --header, --payload, --start-code, --avc-access-unit. Default: unlimited.

-m value
--max-dump-size value

Specify the maximum dump size for options --header, --payload, --start-code, --avc-access-unit. By default, the complete data section (payload, access unit, etc.) is displayed.

--max-payload-size value

Display PES packets with no payload or with a payload the size (in bytes) of which is not greater than the specified value.

--min-payload-size value

Display PES packets with a payload the size (in bytes) of which is equal to or greater than the specified value.

--multiple-files

With options --save-pes and --save-es, save each PES packet in a distinct file.

The specified file name in --save-pes or --save-es is considered as a template and a unique number is automatically added to the name part so that successive files receive distinct names. Example: if the specified file name is base.pes, the various files are named base-000000.pes, base-000001.pes, etc.

If the specified template already contains trailing digits, this unmodified name is used for the first file. Then, the integer part is incremented. Example: if the specified file name is base-027.pes, the various files are named base-027.pes, base-028.pes, etc.

--nal-unit-type value

AVC (H.264), HEVC (H.265) or VVC (H.266) NAL unit filter: with --avc-access-unit, select access units with the specified type (default: all access units).

Several --nal-unit-type options may be specified.

--negate-nal-unit-type

Negate the NAL unit filter: specified access units types are excluded.

-n
--negate-pid

Negate the PID filter: specified PID’s are excluded.

--nibble

Same as --binary but add separator between 4-bit nibbles.

-o filename
--output-file filename

Specify the output file for the report (default: standard output).

--packet-index

Display the index of the first and last TS packet of each displayed PES packet.

-p pid1[-pid2]
--pid pid1[-pid2]

PID filter: select packets with this PID value (default: all PID’s containing PES packets).

Several --pid options may be specified.

--payload

Dump all PES packets payload.

--save-es filename

Save the elementary stream in the specified file. The payloads of all PES packets are saved in a raw binary form without encapsulation. The PES headers are dropped.

When the specified output file is a dash (-), the standard output is used. Thus, the binary content of an elementary stream can be pipelined to another command using the following command skeleton:

$ tsp -I ... -P pes --pid 100 --save-es - -O drop | ...

--save-pes filename

Save all PES packets, header and payload, in the specified file. All PES packets are saved in a raw binary form without encapsulation.

When the specified output file is a dash (-), the standard output is used.

--sei-avc

Dump all SEI (Supplemental Enhancement Information) in AVC (H.264), HEVC (H.265) or VVC (H.266) access units.

--sei-type value

SEI type filter: with --sei-avc, select SEI access units with this type (default: all SEI access units).

Several --sei-type options may be specified.

-s
--start-code

Dump all start codes in PES packet payload.

-t
--trace-packets

Trace all PES packets (display a one-line description per packet).

--uuid-sei value

SEI filter: with --sei-avc, only select user data unregistered SEI access units with the specified UUID value. By default, with --sei-avc, all SEI are displayed.

Several --uuid-sei options may be specified.

The UUID value must be 16 bytes long. It must be either an ASCII string of exactly 16 characters or a hexadecimal value representing 16 bytes.

-v
--video-attributes

Display video attributes such as frame size, frame rate or profile in MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and AVC.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.65. pidshift

Shift one or more PID’s forward in the transport stream

This plugin considers a set of selected PID’s and moves all their packets forward in the transport stream. Packets from all other (non-selected) PID’s are not moved.

If all selected PID’s globally have a constant bitrate (even if they individually have variable bitrates), shifting the packets keeps a consistent multiplexing: their offsets from non-selected non-moved packets remains constant.

Since a tsp plugin cannot go back in the past, the move can be forward only, buffering selected packets by a fixed amount of packets. The initial selected packets are replaced by null packets, until the shift buffer is full. The trailing buffered packets, at the end of the input stream, are lost.

To move a list of selected PID’s "backward", the plugin moves all other PID’s forward instead (see the option --backward). Again, the multiplexing remains consistent only if all other PID’s globally have a constant bitrate.

This plugin is typically used to slightly move back and forth an audio PID. Since most audio PID’s have a constant bitrate, it works well for forward moves. Backward moves work well if the entire transport stream also has a constant bitrate, which is the case for broadcast streams.

Forward vs. backward

To avoid any confusion between the terms "forward" and "backward", please note that moving the packets of a PID forward in the transport stream makes the time stamps of that PID moving backward relatively to the transport stream. So, depending on your standpoint, you may find the terms "forward" and "backward" either natural or counter-intuitive.

To illustrate this paradox, consider an audio PID which is shifted forward 1000 packets in the transport stream. The audio packets numbered 10, 20, 30 and 40 in the PID have a presentation time stamp (PTS). These packets are initially at positions 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 in the transport stream. The following table illustrates the forward vs. backward paradox after moving the PID 1000 packets forward in the transport stream.

Table 15. Moving packets forward means moving timestamps backward
Packet index in TS	Before shift		After shift
	Index in PID	PTS	Index in PID	PTS
1000	10	PTS-1	null packet
2000	20	PTS-2	10	PTS-1
3000	30	PTS-3	20	PTS-2
4000	40	PTS-4	30	PTS-3

The packet #10 in the audio PID is shifted forward in the TS, moving from the global position 1000 to 2000. But, if you are an observer at global position 2000 in the TS, you see that PTS-2 becomes PTS-1, giving the impression that the PID shifted backward in time.

Usage

$ tsp -P pidshift [options]

Options

-b
--backward

Revert the list of selected PID’s, meaning that a shift forward is performed on all PID’s except those in --pid options.

In practice, this can be seen as shifting backward the selected PID’s from the rest of the transport stream.

--directory path

Specify a directory where the temporary buffer file is created (if one is needed).

By default, the system-specific area for temporary files is used.

The temporary file is hidden and automatically deleted on termination. Specifying another location can be useful to redirect very large buffers on another disk.

If the reserved memory area is large enough to hold the buffer, no file is created.

--ignore-errors

Ignore shift buffer size evaluation errors or shift buffer write errors. Pass subsequent packets without shifting.

-i milliseconds
--initial-evaluation milliseconds

With --time, specify the duration of the initial evaluation phase in milliseconds. This is a transport stream playout duration, not a wall-clock duration.

The default is 1,000 milliseconds.

-m count
--memory-packets count

Specify the number of packets which are cached in memory. Having a larger memory cache improves the performances.

By default, the size of the memory cache is 128 packets.

--packets count

Specify the size of the shift buffer in packets.

The shift buffer contains packets from the selected PID’s which are removed from the transport stream and reinserted later, replacing packets from the same set of selected PID’s. Here, "removing" packets means replacing them with null packets in the initial phase. When the shift buffer is full, the "removed" packets are replaced from previous packets from the shifted PID’s.

Using --packets is less intuitive than --time but allows starting the shift from the beginning of the transport stream, without initial evaluation period.

There is no default, the size of the buffer shall be specified either using --packets or --time.

-p pid1[-pid2]
--pid pid1[-pid2]

Specify a PID or range of PID’s to shift forward.

Several --pid options may be specified. At least one of them is required.

-t milliseconds
--time milliseconds

Specify the size of the shift buffer in milliseconds.

During an initial evaluation phase (see option --initial-evaluation), the global bitrate of all PID’s to shift forward is evaluated. This global bitrate is then used to convert the specified --time duration in a number of packets and this value is used as fixed-size for the shift buffer.

Actual shifting the PID’s starts at the end of this evaluation phase.

There is no default, the size of the buffer shall be specified either using --packets or --time.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.66. play (output)

Play output on a media player

This output plugin sends TS packets to a supported media player. It is typically used when one service was isolated on the transport stream and the resulting audio/video must be monitored.

The play plugin attempts to locate a media player application which can process MPEG-2 transport streams on its standard input. If one is found in the system, the plugin creates a process executing the media player (adding the required options if necessary) and sends the output stream to this process using a pipe.

This plugin is consequently an easier alternative to the fork plugin. The same operation could be achieved using the fork plugin but it requires to specify the complete media player command line with options.

Using this plugin forces tsp and all plugins to use their real-time defaults (see the reference documentation for tsp).

Usage

$ tsp -O play [options]

UNIX specific options (Linux, macOS, BSD)

-m
--mplayer

Use mplayer for rendering. The default is to look for vlc, mplayer and xine, in this order, and use the first available one.

-x
--xine

Use xine for rendering. The default is to look for vlc, mplayer and xine, in this order, and use the first available one.

Generic output plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all output plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

Supported media players

Linux: Look for VLC, mplayer and xine. Use the PATH environment variable to locate the applications.
macOS: Same a Linux but also search into /usr/local/bin (/opt/homebrew/bin on Arm) and /Applications.
Windows: Look for VLC using the Path environment variable and various information that is normally filled in the registry by the VLC installation procedure. See [VLC] for downloading and installing VLC Media Player.

To use another media player or with specific options, use the fork plugin instead:

$ tsp ... -O fork [options] "media player command line"

4.67. pmt

Perform various transformations on a PMT

This plugin performs various transformations on a PMT.

The PMT can be specified by PID, by service id or by service name.

Usage

$ tsp -P pmt [options]

PMT modification options

--ac3-atsc2dvb

Change the description of AC-3 (a.k.a. DD, Dolby Digital) audio streams from ATSC to DVB method. In details, this means that all components with stream_type 0x81 are modified with stream_type 0x06 (PES private data) and a DVB AC-3_descriptor is added on this component (if none was already there).

--add-ca-descriptor casid/pid[/private-data]

Add a CA_descriptor at program-level in the PMT with the specified CA System Id and ECM PID. The optional private data must be a suite of hexadecimal digits.

Several --add-ca-descriptor options may be specified to add several descriptors.

-a pid/type
--add-pid pid/type

Add the specified PID / stream-type component in the PMT. Both PID and type must be integer values, either decimal or hexadecimal.

Several --add-pid options may be specified to add several components.

--add-pid-registration pid/id

Add a registration_descriptor in the descriptor list of the specified PID in the PMT.

The value is the format_identifier in the registration_descriptor, e.g. 0x43554549 for "CUEI".

--add-registration id

Add a registration_descriptor in the program-level descriptor list in the PMT.

The value is the format_identifier in the registration_descriptor, e.g. 0x43554549 for "CUEI".

--add-stream-identifier

Add a stream_identifier_descriptor on all components. The component_tag are uniquely allocated inside the service. Existing stream_identifier_descriptors are left unmodified.

--audio-language language-code[:audio-type[:location]]

Specifies the language for an audio stream in the PMT.

Several options can be specified to set the languages of several audio streams.

The language-code is a 3-character string.

The audio-type is optional, its default value is zero.

The location indicates how to locate the audio stream. Its format is either Pn or An. In the first case, n designates a PID value and in the second case the audio stream number inside the PMT, starting with 1. The default location is "A1", ie. the first audio stream inside the PMT.

--cleanup-private-descriptors

Remove all private descriptors without preceding private_data_specifier_descriptor.

--eac3-atsc2dvb

Change the description of Enhanced-AC-3 (a.k.a. AC-3+, DD+, Dolby Digital+) audio streams from ATSC to DVB method. In details, this means that all components with stream_type 0x87 are modified with stream_type 0x06 (PES private data) and a DVB enhanced_AC-3_descriptor is added on this component (if none was already there).

-m old-pid/new-pid
--move-pid old-pid/new-pid

Change the PID value of a component in the PMT.

Several --move-pid options may be specified to move several components.

-i value
--new-service-id value

Change the service id in the PMT.

--pcr-pid value

Change the PCR PID value in the PMT.

--pds value

With option --remove-descriptor, specify the private data specifier which applies to the descriptor tag values above 0x80.

-p value
--pmt-pid value

Specify the PID carrying the PMT to modify. All PMT’s in this PID will be modified. Options --pmt-pid and --service are mutually exclusive. If neither are specified, the first service in the PAT is used.

--remove-descriptor value

Remove from the PMT all descriptors with the specified tag. Several --remove-descriptor options may be specified to remove several types of descriptors. See also option --pds.

-r pid1[-pid2]
--remove-pid pid1[-pid2]

Remove the component with the specified PID’s from the PMT.

Several --remove-pid options may be specified to remove several components.

--remove-stream-type value[-value]

Remove all components with a stream type matching the specified values.

Several --remove-stream-type options may be specified.

-s name-or-id
--service name-or-id

Specify the service the PMT of which must be modified.

Options --pmt-pid and --service are mutually exclusive. If neither are specified, the first service in the PAT is used.

--set-cue-type pid/type

In the component with the specified PID, add an SCTE 35 cue_identifier_descriptor with the specified cue_stream_type.

Several --set-cue-type options may be specified.

--set-data-broadcast-id pid/id[/selector]

In the component with the specified PID, add a data_broadcast_id_descriptor with the specified data_broadcast_id. The optional selector is a suite of hexadecimal characters representing the content of the selector bytes.

Several --set-data-broadcast-id options may be specified.

--set-stream-identifier pid/id

In the component with the specified PID, add a stream_identifier_descriptor with the specified id as component_tag.

Several --set-stream-identifier options may be specified.

--sort-languages lang1,lang2,…

Sort the elementary streams carrying audio and subtitles in the specified order of languages. The languages must be 3-letter ISO-639 codes.

--sort-pids pid1,pid2,…

Sort the elementary streams in the specified order of PID’s. Non-existent PID’s are ignored. Unlisted PID’s, if any, are placed after the others.

Generic options for table manipulation

-b value
--bitrate value

Specifies the bitrate in bits / second of the PID containing the PMT if a new one is created.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

The default is 3000 b/s.

-c
--create

Create a new empty PMT if none was received after one second.

This is equivalent to --create-after 1000.

--create-after milliseconds

Create a new empty PMT if none was received after the specified number of milliseconds. If an actual PMT is received later, it will be used as the base for transformations instead of the empty one.

--increment-version

Increment the version number of the PMT.

--inter-packet value

When a new PMT is created and --bitrate is not present, this option specifies the packet interval for the PMT PID, that is to say the number of TS packets in the transport between two packets of the PID.

Use instead of --bitrate if the global bitrate of the TS cannot be determined.

--patch-xml filename

Specify an XML patch file which is applied to each PMT on the fly. The XML patches are applied first. The other options of this plugin are applied on the patched table.

If the specified name starts with <?xml, it is considered as inline XML content, meaning that the string in the command line is directly the XML content and not a file name.

Several --patch-xml options can be specified. Patch files are sequentially applied on each table.

See section 2.6.4 for more details on XML patch files.

-v value
--new-version value

Specify a new value for the version of the PMT.

Interpretation of the transport stream content

These options controls the peculiarities of local Digital TV standards and how they are used.

--brazil

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-ISO-8859-15 . This is a handy shortcut when working on South American ISDB-Tb transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--default-charset name

Default character set to use when interpreting strings from tables and descriptors. By default, the standard DVB encoding is used. See section 2.5 for more details.

--europe

A synonym for --default-charset ISO-8859-15. . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--japan

A synonym for --default-charset ARIB-STD-B24 . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--philippines

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-UTF-8 . This is a handy shortcut when working on Philippines transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.68. psi

Collect PSI structure information

This plugin extracts all PSI tables (PAT, CAT, PMT, NIT, BAT, SDT) from a transport stream.

It is equivalent to the tspsi utility. Actually, the following two commands produce the same result:

$ tspsi options filename
$ tsp -I file filename -P psi options -O drop

Usage

$ tsp -P psi [options]

PSI selection and logging options

-a
--all-versions

Display all versions of PSI tables (need to read the complete transport stream). By default, display only the first version of each PSI table and stop when all expected PSI are extracted.

--cat-only

Display only the CAT, ignore other PSI tables.

--clear

Indicate that this is a clear transport stream, without conditional access information. Useful to avoid further reading the transport stream, waiting for a non-existent CAT.

-d
--dump

Dump all PSI sections.

--exclude-current

Exclude PSI tables with "current" indicator. This is rarely necessary. See also --include-next.

--include-next

Include PSI tables with "next" indicator. By default, they are excluded.

-j file-name
--json-output file-name

Save the tables in JSON format in the specified file. To output the JSON text on the standard output, explicitly specify this option with - as output file name.

The tables are initially formatted as XML and an automated XML-to-JSON conversion is applied. See section 2.7.3 for more details on XML-to-JSON conversion.

--log-json-line[='prefix']

Log each table as one single JSON line in the message logger instead of an output file.

Each table is initially formatted as XML and an automated XML-to-JSON conversion is applied. See section 2.7.3 for more details on XML-to-JSON conversion.

The optional string parameter specifies a prefix to prepend on the log line, before the JSON text, to facilitate the filtering of the appropriate line in the logs.

--log-xml-line[='prefix']

Log each table as one single XML line in the message logger instead of an output file.

The optional string parameter specifies a prefix to prepend on the log line, before the XML text, to facilitate the filtering of the appropriate line in the logs.

-o file-name
--output-file file-name
--text-output file-name

Save the tables or sections in human-readable text format in the specified file name. By default, when no output option is specified, text is produced on the standard output.

If you need text formatting on the standard output in addition to other output such as XML, explicitly specify this option with - as output file name.

-x file-name
--xml-output file-name

Save the tables in XML format in the specified file. To output the XML text on the standard output, explicitly specify this option with - as output file name.

XML output options

The following options affect details in the generation of XML files.

--strict-xml

Save XML documents in strictly conformant XML format. By default, do not escape characters when this is not syntactically necessary to make the XML text more human-readable.

--x2j-collapse-text
--x2j-enforce-boolean
--x2j-enforce-integer
--x2j-include-root
--x2j-trim-text

Specific options for automated XML-to-JSON conversion. See section 2.7.3.2 for more details.

Sections display format options

These options affect the way individual sections are displayed.

-c
--c-style

Same as --raw-dump (no interpretation of section) but dump the bytes in C-language style, e.g. "0x01, 0x02," instead of "01 02". Useful to include this output as data in a C source file.

--nested-tlv[=min-size]

-r
--raw-dump

Raw dump of section, no interpretation.

--tlv syntax

All fields are optional. The default values are auto,auto,1,1,msb.

Interpretation of the transport stream content

These options controls the peculiarities of local Digital TV standards and how they are used.

--abnt

Assume that the transport stream is an ISDB one with ABNT-defined variants. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--atsc

Assume that the transport stream is an ATSC one. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--brazil

--conax

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from Conax. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x0B00.

--default-cas-id value

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from the specified CA_System_Id.

--default-charset name

Default character set to use when interpreting strings from tables and descriptors. By default, the standard DVB encoding is used. See section 2.5 for more details.

--default-pds value

Default DVB-defined private data specifier (PDS). See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--default-registration value

Default MPEG-defined registration id (also known as format identifier). Several options --default-registration options can be specified. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--dvb

Assume that the transport stream is a DVB one. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--europe

A synonym for --dvb --default-charset ISO-8859-15. . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--ignore-leap-seconds

Do not explicitly include leap seconds in some UTC computations. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--irdeto

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from Irdeto. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x0600.

--isdb

--japan

A synonym for --isdb --default-charset ARIB-STD-B24 --time-reference JST . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--mediaguard

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from MediaGuard. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x0100.

--nagravision

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from NagraVision. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x1800.

--nds

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from Synamedia (formerly known as NDS). Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x0900.

--philippines

--safeaccess

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from SafeAccess. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x4ADC.

--time-reference name

Use a non-standard time reference in DVB or ISDB-defined SI. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--usa

A synonym for --atsc . This is a handy shortcut when working on North American transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--viaccess

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from Viaccess. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x0500.

--widevine

Interpret all EMM’s and ECM’s from unknown CAS as coming from Widevine CAS. Equivalent to --default-cas-id 0x4AD4.

Developers options

The following options are reserved to C++, Java or Python developers. They are useful only when the plugin is used inside a custom application.

--event-code value

Signal a plugin event with the specified code for each section.

The event data is an instance of PluginEventData pointing to the section content.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.69. psimerge

Merge PSI/SI from mixed streams

This plugin assumes that the PSI/SI for two independent streams are multiplexed in the same transport streams but the packets from each original stream are independently labelled. This plugin merges the PSI/SI from these two streams into one.

Usage

$ tsp -P psimerge [options]

Options

--main-label value

Specify the label which is set on packets from the main stream. The maximum label value is 31.

By default, the main stream is made of packets without label.

At least one of --main-label and --merge-label must be specified.

--merge-label value

Specify the label which is set on packets from the merge stream. The maximum label value is 31.

By default, the merge stream is made of packets without label. At least one of --main-label and --merge-label must be specified.

--no-bat

Do not merge the BAT.

--no-cat

Do not merge the CAT.

--no-eit

Do not merge the EIT’s.

--no-nit

Do not merge the NIT Actual.

--no-pat

Do not merge the PAT.

--no-sdt

Do not merge the SDT Actual.

--time-from-merge

Use the TDT/TOT time reference from the merge stream.

By default, use the TDT/TOT time reference from the main stream.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.70. reduce

Reduce the bitrate by removing stuffing (null packets)

This plugin reduces the bitrate of the transport stream by removing stuffing packets.

Usage

$ tsp -P reduce [options] [rempkt inpkt]

Parameters

rempkt inpkt

Legacy syntax: For compatibility, two integer parameters can be used to specify rempkt and inpkt, the removal of packets in fixed proportion. Now preferably use option --fixed-proportion.

The parameters specify that rempkt TS packets must be automatically removed after every inpkt input TS packets in the transport stream. Only stuffing packets can be removed. Both rempkt and inpkt must be non-zero integer values.

Options

-f rempkt/inpkt
--fixed-proportion rempkt/inpkt

Reduce the bitrate in fixed proportion: rempkt TS packets are automatically removed after every inpkt input TS packets in the transport stream.

Only stuffing packets can be removed. Both rempkt and inpkt must be non-zero integer values.

Exactly one of --target-bitrate or --fixed-proportion must be specified.

-i value
--input-bitrate value

Specify the input bitrate in bits/second.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

By default, the input bitrate is permanently evaluated by previous plugins.

--packet-window packet-count

With --target-bitrate, define the number of packets over which they are analyzed and extra packets are removed.

The default is 10,000 packets.

Options --time-window and --packet-window are mutually exclusive.

-p
--pcr-based

With --target-bitrate, use PCR’s in each packet window to determine how many packets should be removed in each window.

By default, the input bitrate is used. In the case of highly variable bitrate (VBR), using PCR’s on each time window gives better results but PCR’s must be present and accurate and the window size must be large enough to contain more than one PCR on at least one PID.

-r pid1[-pid2]
--reference-pcr-pid pid1[-pid2]

With --pcr-based, use PCR’s from the specified reference PID’s only.

The option --reference-pcr-pid can be present multiple time.

By default, PCR’s are used from any PID.

-t value
--target-bitrate value

Reduce the bitrate to this target value in bits/second.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

Only stuffing packets can be removed.

Exactly one of --target-bitrate or --fixed-proportion must be specified.

Using the target bitrate method introduces an uncompressable latency in the stream, see options --time-window and --packet-window.

--time-window milli-seconds

With --target-bitrate, define the latency period over which packets are analyzed and extra packets are removed. To use this method, the bitrate must be known during the starting phase so that it can be turned into a number of packets.

Options --time-window and --packet-window are mutually exclusive.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.71. regulate

Regulate packets flow according to a bitrate or PCR’s

This plugin regulates the TS packets flow according to a specified bitrate or based on the Program Clock Reference from the transport stream.

It is useful to play a non-regulated input (such as a TS file) to a non-regulated output (such as IP multicast). Without this plugin, in this example, the IP packets will be sent as fast as the TS packets are read from the file, that is to say at a very much higher bitrate than expected. When inserted between the input and the output plugins, the regulate plugin regularly suspends the tsp process to slow down the output.

Note that this plugin can only slow down the stream but not accelerate it If the input is not fast enough, there is nothing that a plugin can do!

By default, the plugin uses a bitrate value. The plugin suspends the execution at regular intervals to ensure that its output does not exceed the target bitrate. A fixed bitrate can be specified. Otherwise, the plugin uses the bitrate information coming from the previous plugins in the chain. In the latter case, the bitrate can be variable.

When the option --pcr-synchronous is specified, the plugin does not use any bitrate information. It regulates the flow to be synchronous with the Program Clock Reference (PCR) in the transport stream.

Using this plugin forces tsp and all plugins to use their real-time defaults (see the reference documentation for tsp).

Usage

$ tsp -P regulate [options]

Options

-b value
--bitrate value

Specify the bitrate in bits/second.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

By default, use the input bitrate, typically resulting from the PCR analysis of the input stream. Note that this default is the bitrate which is presented by tsp at the input of the regulate plugin. This is not necessarily the bitrate at the input plugin if another plugin (such as pcrbitrate) has altered the bitrate between the input plugin and regulate.

-p value
--packet-burst value

Number of packets to burst at a time. Does not modify the average output bitrate but influence smoothing and CPU load. The default is 16 packets.

It is inefficient, and most of the time impossible, to suspend a process too often and for a too short time. To regulate a stream at 38 Mb/s, for instance, the process must be suspended 40 micro-seconds between each TS packets. This is not possible in practice on most Linux or Windows kernels with the default configuration. If the packet burst is set to 64, the wait time is 2.5 milli-seconds, which becomes feasible.

--pcr-synchronous

Regulate the flow based on the Program Clock Reference from the transport stream.

By default, use a bitrate, not PCR’s.

--pid-pcr value

With --pcr-synchronous, specify the reference PID for the Program Clock Reference.

By default, use the first PID containing PCR’s.

--wait-min value

With --pcr-synchronous, specify the minimum wait time in milli-seconds.

The default is 50 ms.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.72. remap

Generic PID remapping

This plugin modifies the PID value in selected packets. By default, the PSI are modified accordingly to preserve the consistency of the transport stream.

Usage

$ tsp -P remap [options] [pid[-pid]=newpid ...]

Parameters (specifying PID remapping)

pid=newpid, pid1-pid2=newpid

Each remapping is specified as pid=newpid or pid1-pid2=newpid. All PID’s can be specified as decimal or hexadecimal values. More than one PID remapping can be specified.

In the first form, the PID pid is remapped to newpid.

In the latter form, all PID’s within the range pid1 to pid2 (inclusive) are respectively remapped to newpid, newpid+1, etc. This behaviour can be changed using option --single.

The null PID 0x1FFF cannot be remapped.

Options

-n
--no-psi

Do not modify the PSI.

By default, the PAT, CAT and PMT’s are modified so that previous references to the remapped PID’s will point to the new PID values.

--reset-label label1[-label2]

Clear the specified labels on the remapped packets.

Several --reset-label options may be specified.

--set-label label1[-label2]

Set the specified labels on the remapped packets.

Several --set-label options may be specified.

-s
--single

When a remapping is in the form pid1-pid2=newpid, remap all input PID’s within the range pid1 to pid2 to the same newpid value, not newpid, newpid+1, etc.

This option forces --unchecked since distinct PID’s are remapped to the same one.

-u
--unchecked

Do not perform any consistency checking while remapping PID’s:

Remapping to or from a predefined PID is accepted.
Remapping two PID’s to the same PID or to a PID which is already present in the input is accepted.

Note that this option should be used with care since the resulting stream can be illegal or inconsistent.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.73. rist (input)

Receive TS packets from Reliable Internet Stream Transport (RIST)

This input plugin receives TS packets using the Reliable Internet Stream Transport (RIST) protocol.

Using this plugin forces tsp and all plugins to use their real-time defaults (see the reference documentation for tsp).

This plugin is provided only when librist is officially supported on the target platform. See [RIST].

Usage

$ tsp -I rist [options] url [url...]

Parameters

url

Specify RIST URL’s as parameters to specify the location of the sending peer. More than one URL can be specified to receive from multiple paths at the same time.

A RIST URL starts with rist://. It usually starts with rist://remote-ip:port (to connect to a peer) or rist://@local-ip:port (to listen for incoming connections from a peer).

A rist:// URL may also include tuning parameters in addition to the address and port. This is the reason why the rist plugin has so few options. Most options are in the URL.

See [RIST-URL] for more details on the syntax of rist:// URL’s.

General options

--display-interval value

-e value
--evaluation-interval value

--rs204

Specify that all packets are in 204-byte format. By default, the input packet size, 188 or 204 bytes, is automatically detected. Use this option only when necessary.

--timestamp-priority name

Specify how the input timestamp of each packet is computed.

The name specifies an ordered list of timestamp sources. The first available timestamp value is used as input timestamp. The name must be one of rtp-rist-tsp, rist-rtp-tsp, rist-tsp, rtp-tsp, tsp.

The possible timestamp sources are:

rtp : The RTP time stamp, when the UDP packet is an RTP packet.
rist : RIST source time stamp.
tsp : A software timestamp, provided by tsp when the input plugin returns a chunk of packets. The tsp-provided timestamp is always available, always comes last and is less precise.

The default is rtp-rist-tsp.

RIST options

-a ip-address[:port]
--allow ip-address[:port]

In listener mode (rist://@…), allow the specified client IP address (and optional port) to connect.

More than one --allow option can be used to specify several allowed addresses. If at least one --allow option is specified, any client which is not explicitly allowed is denied.

-b milliseconds
--buffer-size milliseconds

Default buffer size in milliseconds for packet retransmissions.

This value overrides the buffer= parameter in the URL.

-d ip-address[:port]
--deny ip-address[:port]

In listener mode (rist://@…), deny the specified client IP address (and optional port) to connect.

More than one --deny option can be used to specify several denied addresses.

--encryption-type name

Specify the encryption type (none by default). Must be one of AES-128 or AES-256.

This value is used when the aes-type= parameter is not present in the URL.

--profile name

Specify the RIST profile to use. The name must be one of advanced, main, simple. The default profile is main.

-s 'string'
--secret 'string'

Default pre-shared encryption secret.

If a pre-shared secret is specified without --encryption-type, AES-128 is used by default.

This value is used when the secret= parameter is not present in the URL.

--stats-interval milliseconds

Periodically report a line of statistics. The interval is in milliseconds. The statistics are in JSON format, on one line.

--stats-prefix 'prefix'

With --stats-interval, specify a prefix to prepend on the statistics line before the JSON text to locate the appropriate line in the logs.

Generic input plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all input plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.74. rist (output)

Send TS packets to Reliable Internet Stream Transport (RIST)

This output plugin sends TS packets using the Reliable Internet Stream Transport (RIST) protocol.

Using this plugin forces tsp and all plugins to use their real-time defaults (see the reference documentation for tsp).

This plugin is provided only when librist is officially supported on the target platform. See [RIST].

Usage

$ tsp -O rist [options] url [url...]

Parameters

url

Specify RIST URL’s as parameters to specify the location of the sending peer. More than one URL can be specified to receive from multiple paths at the same time.

A RIST URL starts with rist://. It usually starts with rist://remote-ip:port (to connect to a peer) or rist://@local-ip:port (to listen for incoming connections from a peer).

A rist:// URL may also include tuning parameters in addition to the address and port. This is the reason why the rist plugin has so few options. Most options are in the URL.

See [RIST-URL] for more details on the syntax of rist:// URL’s.

RIST options

-a ip-address[:port]
--allow ip-address[:port]

In listener mode (rist://@…), allow the specified client IP address (and optional port) to connect.

More than one --allow option can be used to specify several allowed addresses. If at least one --allow option is specified, any client which is not explicitly allowed is denied.

-b milliseconds
--buffer-size milliseconds

Default buffer size in milliseconds for packet retransmissions.

This value overrides the buffer= parameter in the URL.

-d ip-address[:port]
--deny ip-address[:port]

In listener mode (rist://@…), deny the specified client IP address (and optional port) to connect.

More than one --deny option can be used to specify several denied addresses.

--encryption-type name

Specify the encryption type (none by default). Must be one of AES-128 or AES-256.

This value is used when the aes-type= parameter is not present in the URL.

-n
--null-packet-deletion

Enable null packet deletion. The receiver needs to support this.

--profile name

Specify the RIST profile to use. The name must be one of advanced, main, simple. The default profile is main.

-s 'string'
--secret 'string'

Default pre-shared encryption secret.

If a pre-shared secret is specified without --encryption-type, AES-128 is used by default.

This value is used when the secret= parameter is not present in the URL.

--stats-interval milliseconds

Periodically report a line of statistics. The interval is in milliseconds. The statistics are in JSON format, on one line.

--stats-prefix 'prefix'

With --stats-interval, specify a prefix to prepend on the statistics line before the JSON text to locate the appropriate line in the logs.

UDP options

-e
--enforce-burst

Enforce that the number of TS packets per UDP packet is exactly what is specified in option --packet-burst. By default, this is only a maximum value.

-p value
--packet-burst value

Specifies the maximum number of TS packets to be grouped into each UDP datagram.

The default is 7, the maximum is 128.

--rs204

Generic output plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all output plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.75. rmorphan

Remove unreferenced PID’s

This plugin removes unreferenced (aka orphan) PID’s from the transport stream. The plugin analyzes the complete TS structure, starting from the PAT and the CAT. Any packet which neither belongs to a predefined PID’s nor to a referenced PID in the TS structure is removed.

Usage

$ tsp -P rmorphan [options]

Options

-s
--stuffing

Replace excluded packets with stuffing (null packets) instead of removing them.

Useful to preserve the TS bitrate.

Interpretation of the transport stream content

These options controls the peculiarities of local Digital TV standards and how they are used.

--abnt

Assume that the transport stream is an ISDB one with ABNT-defined variants. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--atsc

Assume that the transport stream is an ATSC one. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--brazil

A synonym for --isdb --abnt . This is a handy shortcut when working on South American ISDB-Tb transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--dvb

Assume that the transport stream is a DVB one. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--europe

A synonym for --dvb . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--ignore-leap-seconds

Do not explicitly include leap seconds in some UTC computations. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

--isdb

--japan

A synonym for --isdb . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--philippines

A synonym for --isdb --abnt . This is a handy shortcut when working on Philippines transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--usa

A synonym for --atsc . This is a handy shortcut when working on North American transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.76. rmsplice

Remove ads insertions using SCTE 35 splice information

This plugin removes part of a program (typically ads insertions) based on SCTE 35 splice cueing information.

According to the [SCTE-35] standard, a dedicated elementary stream is declared in the PMT of a service, carrying private tables. These private tables describe upcoming splice points. They define specific points in the program where the audio and video can be "cut" and replaced by some alternate content, typically local ads sequences.

Splice out points define places where the main program can be left to switch to local content.

Splice in points define places where the content should return back to the original program.

The plugin rmsplice uses the specific SCTE 35 splice information stream to locate what could be uninteresting sequences of ads and simply removes the program content, audio, video, subtitles, during these sequences. The content of the program is not replaced, as originally intended by the SCTE 35 standard, it is simply removed. Consequently, using this plugin makes sense on SPTS only (see the plugin zap for instance).

The removal is based on Presentation Time Stamps (PTS) in the various content PID’s of the program. The PTS of the starting (splice out) and ending (splice in) points are defined by the SCTE 35 commands in the dedicated stream. Currently, rmsplice removes entire PES packets and does not dig into the video encoding.

If the original video encoding is carefully performed to resist to identified splice points, the transition should be smooth. However, it has been observed transient glitches and macro blocks in the resulting stream after removing ads sequences, even though the PTS of the splice points exactly match the signalled PTS values. VLC reports one "unref short failure" at that point. It is currently unknown if this is due to a non-splice-resistant video encoding or if the cutting method of rmsplice is too harsh.

Usage

$ tsp -P rmsplice [options] [service]

Parameter

service

The optional parameter specifies the service to modify.

When the parameter is omitted, the first service which is found in the PAT is selected.

Options

-a
--adjust-time

Adjust all time stamps (PCR, OPCR, PTS and DTS) after removing splice-out / splice-in sequences. This can be necessary to improve the video transition.

-c
--continue

Continue stream processing even if no splice information stream is found for the service. Without this information stream, ads cannot be located and consequently not removed. By default, tsp aborts when the splice information stream is not found in the PMT of the service.

-n
--dry-run

Perform a dry run, report what operations would be performed. Use with --verbose.

--event-id pid1[-pid2]

Only remove splices associated with the specified event ID’s.

Several --event-id options may be specified.

-f
--fix-cc

Fix continuity counters after removing splice-out / splice-in sequences.

-s
--stuffing

Replace excluded packets with stuffing (null packets) instead of removing them. Useful to preserve the bitrate.

Interpretation of the transport stream content

These options controls the peculiarities of local Digital TV standards and how they are used.

--brazil

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-ISO-8859-15 . This is a handy shortcut when working on South American ISDB-Tb transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--default-charset name

Default character set to use when interpreting strings from tables and descriptors. By default, the standard DVB encoding is used. See section 2.5 for more details.

--europe

A synonym for --default-charset ISO-8859-15. . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--japan

A synonym for --default-charset ARIB-STD-B24 . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--philippines

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-UTF-8 . This is a handy shortcut when working on Philippines transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.77. scrambler

DVB scrambler

This plugin is a DVB scrambler, either using a static control word or using an external ECMG. In the latter case, the plugin generates the control words, schedules crypto-periods and inserts ECM’s.

The control words are generated using the default pseudo-random number generator of the operating system with additional security improvements. Although these values are reasonably random, there is no security commitment and this scrambler should be used for test purpose only, not for production.

When inserting ECM’s, the plugin uses the delay_start parameter, as returned by the ECMG, to synchronize the start of the crypto-period with the first insertion of an ECM. Both positive and negative delay_start values are supported.

Usage

$ tsp -P scrambler [options] [service]

Parameters

service

The optional parameter specifies the service to scramble.

If no service is specified, a list of PID’s to scramble must be provided using --pid options. When specific PID’s are provided, fixed control words must be specified as well.

If no fixed CW is specified, a random CW is generated for each crypto-period and ECM’s containing the current and next CW’s are created and inserted in the stream. ECM’s can be created only when a service is specified.

General options

-b value
--bitrate-ecm value

Specifies the bitrate for ECM PID’s in bits / second.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

The default is 30,000 b/s.

--clear-period seconds

Set the size of the initial clear period, in seconds.

The default value is 0, meaning that all packets are scrambled.

--component-level

Add CA_descriptor at component level in the PMT, for each scrambled PID. By default, one single CA_descriptor is added at program level.

--ignore-scrambled

Ignore packets which are already scrambled. Since these packets are likely scrambled with a different control word, descrambling will not be possible the usual way.

--no-audio

Do not scramble audio components in the selected service. By default, all audio components are scrambled.

--no-video

Do not scramble video components in the selected service. By default, all video components are scrambled.

--partial-scrambling count

Do not scramble all packets, only one packet every count packets. The default value is 1, meaning that all packets are scrambled. Specifying higher values is a way to reduce the scrambling CPU load while keeping the service "mostly" scrambled.

-p pid1[-pid2]
--pid pid1[-pid2]

Scramble packets with these PID values. Several --pid options may be specified. By default, scramble the specified service.

--pid-ecm value

Specifies the new ECM PID for the service. By defaut, use the first unused PID immediately following the PMT PID. Using the default, there is a risk to later discover that this PID is already used. In that case, specify --pid-ecm with a notoriously unused PID value.

--pre-reduce-cw

With DVB-CSA2, when entropy reduction is on (the default), make sure that control words are reduced from the beginning, including when transmitted to an ECMG.

By default, entropy reduction is applied just before encryption only, and the ECMG receives a full random CW, without entropy reduction. The default behavior is suitable to test if the CAS correctly handles entropy reduction without implicitly reduced control words.

--private-data hexa-digits

Specifies the private data to insert in the CA_descriptor in the PMT. The value must be a suite of hexadecimal digits.

--subtitles

Scramble subtitles components in the selected service. By default, the subtitles components are not scrambled.

--synchronous

Specify to synchronously generate the ECM’s.

In real-time mode, the processing of packets continues in parallel while ECM’s are generated in the ECMG. Use this option to force the stream processing to wait for ECM’s.

In offline mode, this option is always on. This is usually the right thing to do. Otherwise, if an ECM takes too long to be generated, the stream processing may reach the first insertion point of the ECM before it is available.

Transport stream scrambling options

--aes-cbc

Use AES-CBC scrambling instead of DVB-CSA2 (the default).

The control words are 16-byte long instead of 8-byte. The residue is left clear. Specify a fixed initialization vector using the --iv option.

Note that this is a non-standard TS scrambling mode. The only standard AES-based scrambling modes are ATIS-IDSA and DVB-CISSA (DVB-CISSA is the same as AES-CBC with a DVB-defined IV).

--aes-ctr

Use AES-CTR scrambling instead of DVB-CSA2 (the default).

Note that this is a non-standard TS scrambling mode. The only standard AES-based scrambling modes are ATIS-IDSA and DVB-CISSA.

--atis-idsa

Use ATIS-IDSA descrambling (ATIS-0800006) instead of DVB-CSA2 (the default).

The control words are 16-byte long instead of 8-byte.

--ctr-counter-bits value

With --aes-ctr, specifies the size in bits of the counter part.

In the initialization vector, the fixed nonce part uses the first 128-N bits and the counter part uses the last N bits.

By default, the counter part uses the second half of the IV (64 bits).

-c hexa-digits
--cw hexa-digits

Specifies a fixed and constant control word for all TS packets (no crypto-period scheduling, no ECM).

The value must be a string of 16 hexadecimal digits (32 digits with --atis-idsa, --dvb-cissa, --aes-cbc, --aes-ctr).

--dvb-cissa

Use DVB-CISSA descrambling (see [ETSI-103-127]) instead of DVB-CSA2 (the default).

The control words are 16-byte long instead of 8-byte.

--dvb-csa2

Use DVB-CSA2 descrambling. This is the default.

-f name
--cw-file name

--iv hexa-digits

With --aes-cbc or --aes-ctr, specifies a fixed initialization vector for all TS packets.

The value must be a string of 32 hexadecimal digits. The default IV is all zeroes.

-n
--no-entropy-reduction

Do not perform DVB-CSA2 control word entropy reduction to 48 bits, keep full 64-bit control words. This option is ignored with other encryption algorithms.

--output-cw-file name

This option is specifically useful when the control words are dynamically extracted from ECM’s. The created file can be used later using --cw-file to perform a direct descrambling test.

ECMG client options

-a hexa-digits
--access-criteria hexa-digits

Specifies the access criteria for the service as sent to the ECMG. The value must be a suite of hexadecimal digits.

--channel-id value

Specifies the DVB SimulCrypt ECM_channel_id for the ECMG (default: 1).

-d seconds
--cp-duration seconds

Specifies the crypto-period duration in seconds (default: 10 seconds).

-i value
--ecm-id value

Specifies the DVB SimulCrypt ECM_id for the ECMG (default: 1).

-e host:port
--ecmg host:port

Specify an ECM Generator host name (or IP address) and TCP port.

-v value
--ecmg-scs-version value

Specifies the version of the ECMG⇔SCS DVB SimulCrypt protocol. Valid values are 2 and 3. The default is 2.

--stream-id value

Specifies the DVB SimulCrypt ECM_stream_id for the ECMG (default: 1).

-s value
--super-cas-id value

Specify the DVB SimulCrypt Super_CAS_Id. This is required when --ecmg is specified.

DVB SimulCrypt logging options

--log-data[=level]

Same as --log-protocol but applies to CW_provision and ECM_response messages only.

To debug the session management without being flooded by data messages, use --log-protocol=info --log-data=debug.

--log-protocol[=level]

A level can be a numerical debug level or any of the following: fatal, severe, error, warning, info, verbose, debug.

Interpretation of the transport stream content

These options controls the peculiarities of local Digital TV standards and how they are used.

--brazil

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-ISO-8859-15 . This is a handy shortcut when working on South American ISDB-Tb transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--default-charset name

Default character set to use when interpreting strings from tables and descriptors. By default, the standard DVB encoding is used. See section 2.5 for more details.

--europe

A synonym for --default-charset ISO-8859-15. . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--japan

A synonym for --default-charset ARIB-STD-B24 . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--philippines

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-UTF-8 . This is a handy shortcut when working on Philippines transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.78. sdt

Perform various transformations on an SDT

This plugin performs various transformations on an SDT, either the SDT-Actual or some specific SDT-Other. The other SDT’s, if present, are left unchanged.

Usage

$ tsp -P sdt [options]

SDT modification options

--cleanup-private-descriptors

Remove all private descriptors without preceding private_data_specifier_descriptor.

--eit-pf value

Specify a new EIT_present_following_flag value (0 or 1) for the added or modified service. For new services, the default is 0.

--eit-schedule value

Specify a new EIT_schedule_flag value (0 or 1) for the added or modified service. For new services, the default is 0.

-f value
--free-ca-mode value

Specify a new free_CA_mode value (0 or 1) for the added or modified service. For new services, the default is 0.

-n value
--name value

Specify a new service name for the added or modified service. For new services, the default is an empty string.

--original-network-id id

Modify the original network id in the SDT with the specified value.

-o id
--other id

Modify the SDT-Other with the specified TS id. By default, modify the SDT-Actual.

-p value
--provider value

Specify a new provider name for the added or modified service. For new services, the default is an empty string.

--remove-service sid

Remove the specified service-id from the SDT. Several --remove-service options may be specified to remove several services.

-r value
--running-status value

Specify a new running_status value (0 to 7) for the added or modified service. For new services, the default is 4 ("running").

-s value
--service-id value

Add a new service or modify the existing service with the specified service-id.

--ts-id id

Modify the transport stream id in the SDT with the specified value.

-t value
--type value

Specify a new service type for the added or modified service. For new services, the default is 0x01 ("digital television service").

Generic options for table manipulation

-b value
--bitrate value

Specifies the bitrate in bits / second of the PID containing the SDT if a new one is created.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

The default is 3000 b/s.

-c
--create

Create a new empty SDT if none was received after one second.

This is equivalent to --create-after 1000.

--create-after milliseconds

Create a new empty SDT if none was received after the specified number of milliseconds. If an actual SDT is received later, it will be used as the base for transformations instead of the empty one.

-i
--increment-version

Increment the version number of the SDT.

--inter-packet value

When a new SDT is created and --bitrate is not present, this option specifies the packet interval for the SDT PID, that is to say the number of TS packets in the transport between two packets of the PID.

Use instead of --bitrate if the global bitrate of the TS cannot be determined.

--patch-xml filename

Specify an XML patch file which is applied to each SDT on the fly. The XML patches are applied first. The other options of this plugin are applied on the patched table.

If the specified name starts with <?xml, it is considered as inline XML content, meaning that the string in the command line is directly the XML content and not a file name.

Several --patch-xml options can be specified. Patch files are sequentially applied on each table.

See section 2.6.4 for more details on XML patch files.

-v value
--new-version value

Specify a new value for the version of the SDT.

Interpretation of the transport stream content

These options controls the peculiarities of local Digital TV standards and how they are used.

--brazil

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-ISO-8859-15 . This is a handy shortcut when working on South American ISDB-Tb transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--default-charset name

Default character set to use when interpreting strings from tables and descriptors. By default, the standard DVB encoding is used. See section 2.5 for more details.

--europe

A synonym for --default-charset ISO-8859-15. . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--japan

A synonym for --default-charset ARIB-STD-B24 . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--philippines

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-UTF-8 . This is a handy shortcut when working on Philippines transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.79. sections

Remove, keep or merge sections from various PID’s

This plugin extracts sections from one or more PID’s and merges them inside an output PID.

Various filtering options can be used to selectively keep or remove sections. By default, the selected sections are removed. Using the option --keep, the selected sections are kept and all others are removed. Without selection option, the sections are simply merged from the various input PID’s into the output PID.

Usage

$ tsp -P sections [options]

General options

-a
--and

Remove or keep a section when all conditions are true ("and" on conditions).

By default, a section is removed or kept as soon as one remove condition is true ("or" on conditions).

Example: The options --tid 2 --version 6 remove all PMT sections (table id 2) and all sections with version 6 (any table id). On the other hand, --and --tid 2 --version 6 remove only PMT sections with version 6.

-k
--keep

Keep selected sections and remove others. The selection options are --tid, --etid, --version, etc.

By default, when selection options are present, the selected sections are removed. If no selection option is present, the sections are simply merged from the various input PID’s.

-n
--null-pid-reuse

With this option, null packets can be replaced by packets for the output PID.

By default, only packets from input PID’s are replaced by output packets. This option may need to be used when --stuffing is specified and the input PID’s contained packed sections. In that case, the output payload can be larger than the input and additional packets must be used.

--patch-xml filename

Specify an XML patch file which is applied to each section on the fly.

Here, the behavior of --patch-xml is slightly different, compared to other commands or plugins. While XML representation and patch normally apply to a complete table, they process one single section here. This means that the result of the patch must fit into one single section. Otherwise, only the first section of the result is kept (with the original section number of the input section).

If the specified name starts with <?xml, it is considered as inline XML content, meaning that the string in the command line is directly the XML content and not a file name.

Several --patch-xml options can be specified. Patch files are sequentially applied on each section.

See section 2.6.4 for more details on XML patch files.

-o value
--output-pid value

Specify the output PID. By default, the first input PID on the command line is used as output PID.

If the output PID is different from all input PID’s and this output PID already exists in the transport stream, an error is generated.

-p pid1[-pid2]
--pid pid1[-pid2]

Specify input PID’s. More than one input PID can be specified. All sections from all input PID’s are merged into the output PID. At least one input PID must be specified.

-r
--reverse-etid

With option --etid, reverse the table id and the table id extension parts in the extended table id values. With this option, the values in --etid are of the form 0xEEEETT instead of 0xTTEEEE where TT is the table id part and EEEE the table id extension part.

This option can be useful when specifying ranges of values. For instance, the option --etid 0x4A1234-0x4A1250 removes BAT sections (table id 0x4A) for all service ids in the range 0x1234 to 0x1250. On the other hand, the options --etid 0x12344E-0x12346F --reverse-etid remove all EIT sections (table ids 0x4E to 0x6F) for the service id 0x1234.

-s
--stuffing

Section selection options

--etid id1[-id2]

Remove or keep all sections with the corresponding extended table id values. The value is a combination of the table id and the table id extension.

Example: The option -e 0x4A1234 removes all BAT sections (table id 0x4A) for bouquet id 0x1234 (table id extension).

Several options --etid can be specified.

This option is now considered legacy. The option --etid 0xTTEEEE, where TT is the table id part and EEEE the table id extension part, can now be more clearly specified as --and --tid 0xTT --tid-ext 0xEEEE.

--section-content hexa-data

Remove or keep all sections the binary content of which starts with the specified binary data.

The value must be a string of hexadecimal digits specifying any number of bytes.

See also option --section-mask to specify selected bits or bytes only.

Several options --section-content can be specified.

--section-mask hexa-data

With --section-content, specify a mask of meaningful bits in the binary data that must match the beginning of the section.

The value must be a string of hexadecimal digits specifying any number of bytes.

If omitted or shorter than the --section-content parameter, the mask is implicitely padded with FF bytes.

If several options --section-content are specified, several options --section-mask can be specified. The first mask applies to the first content, the second mask to the second content, etc. If there are less masks than contents, the last mask is implicitly repeated.

--section-number num1[-num2]

Remove/keep all sections with the corresponding section number.

Several options --section-number can be specified.

-t id1[-id2]
--tid id1[-id2]

Remove or keep all sections with the corresponding table ids.

Several options --tid can be specified.

-e id1[-id2]
--tid-ext id1[-id2]

Remove or keep all sections with the corresponding table id extensions.

Several options --tid-ext can be specified.

-v v1[-v2]
--version v1[-v2]

Remove or keep all sections with the corresponding versions.

Several options --version can be specified.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.80. sifilter

Extract PSI/SI PID’s

This plugin filters PID’s containing the specified PSI/SI. Other PID’s are removed.

Extracting PSI/SI on predefined PID’s (such as PAT or SDT) can also be performed using the plugin filter --pid. For these types of PSI/SI, the plugin sifilter is simply more user-friendly (sifilter --sdt instead of filter --pid 0x0011).

But the plugin sifilter can also detect PSI/SI on non-predefined PID’s (such as PMT, ECM or EMM). It can also filter CA-related SI according to the CA System Id or CA Operator (a vendor-dependent concept).

If you want to extract the PMT or ECM for one particular service, use the plugin zap before sifilter in the plugin chain.

Usage

$ tsp -P sifilter [options]

Options

--bat

Extract PID 0x0011 (SDT/BAT). Same as --sdt.

--cat

Extract PID 0x0001 (CAT).

--eit

Extract PID 0x0012 (EIT).

--nit

Extract PID 0x0010 (NIT).

--pat

Extract PID 0x0000 (PAT).

-p
--pmt

Extract all PMT PID’s.

--rst

Extract PID 0x0013 (RST).

--sdt

Extract PID 0x0011 (SDT/BAT). Same as --bat.

-s
--stuffing

Replace excluded packets with stuffing (null packets) instead of removing them. Useful to preserve bitrate.

--tdt

Extract PID 0x0014 (TDT/TOT). Same as --tot.

--tot

Extract PID 0x0014 (TDT/TOT). Same as --tdt.

--tsdt

Extract PID 0x0002 (TSDT).

CAS selection options

--cas value

With options --ecm or --emm, select only ECM’s or EMM’s for the specified CA system id value. Equivalent to --min-cas value --max-cas value.

--conax

Equivalent to --min-cas 0x0B00 --max-cas 0x0BFF.

--ecm

Select PID’s containing ECM’s.

--emm

Select PID’s containing EMM’s.

--irdeto

Equivalent to --min-cas 0x0600 --max-cas 0x06FF.

--max-cas value

With options --ecm or --emm, select only ECM’s or EMM’s for the CA system id values in the range --min-cas to --max-cas.

--mediaguard

Equivalent to --min-cas 0x0100 --max-cas 0x01FF.

--min-cas value

With options --ecm or --emm, select only ECM’s or EMM’s for the CA system id values in the range --min-cas to --max-cas.

--nagravision

Equivalent to --min-cas 0x1800 --max-cas 0x18FF.

--nds

Equivalent to --min-cas 0x0900 --max-cas 0x09FF.

--operator value

When a CAS is specified, select only ECM’s or EMM’s for the specified CAS operator. The CAS operator is a non-standard vendor-dependent concept and is recognized for some CAS only.

--safeaccess

Equivalent to --cas 0x4ADC.

--thalescrypt

Equivalent to --min-cas 0x4A80 --max-cas 0x4A8F.

--viaccess

Equivalent to --min-cas 0x0500 --max-cas 0x05FF.

--widevine

Equivalent to --min-cas 0x4AD4 --max-cas 0x4AD5.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.81. skip

Skip leading packets in a TS

The plugin skips leading TS packets of a stream. The specified number of initial TS packets are dropped and not transmitted to the next plugin in the chain. After that, all packets are transparently passed.

Usage

$ tsp -P skip [options] count

Parameters

count

Number of leading TS packets to skip.

Options

-s
--stuffing

Replace excluded leading packets with stuffing (null packets) instead of removing them.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.82. slice

Pass or drop packets based on packet numbers

This plugin passes or drops packets based on packet numbers or relative transport stream time. It can be used to extract selected portions of a TS and group them into one single output.

Usage

$ tsp -P slice [options]

Options

-d value
--drop value

All packets are dropped after the specified packet number.

Several --drop options may be specified.

-i
--ignore-pcr

When --seconds or --milli-seconds is used, do not use PCR’s to compute time values. Only rely on bitrate as determined by previous plugins in the chain.

-m
--milli-seconds

With options --drop, --null, --pass and --stop, interpret the integer values as milli-seconds from the beginning, not as packet numbers. Time is measured based on bitrate and packet count, not on real time.

-n value
--null value

All packets are replaced by null packets after the specified packet number. Several --null options may be specified.

-p value
--pass value

All packets are passed unmodified after the specified packet number.

Several --pass options may be specified. This is the default for the initial packets.

--seconds

With options --drop, --null, --pass and --stop, interpret the integer values as seconds from the beginning, not as packet numbers. Time is measured based on bitrate and packet count, not on real time.

-s value
--stop value

Packet transmission stops after the specified packet number and tsp terminates.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.83. spliceinject

Inject SCTE 35 splice commands in a transport stream

This plugin injects splice commands as splice information sections, as defined by the [SCTE-35] standard. All forms of splice information sections can be injected. The sections shall be provided by some external equipment, in real time.

The format of the sections can be binary, XML or JSON (see section 2.3). The reference source format for sections is XML. JSON files are first translated to XML using the "automated XML-to-JSON conversion" rules of TSDuck (see section 2.7.3 and then compiled to binary.

All sections or tables shall be splice information sections (table id 0xFC).

Injection principles

The whole point about splice information is synchronization with video. There are roughly two classes of splice events:

Non-immediate splice_insert() and time_signal() commands. These commands contain a specific PTS value for the event. This PTS refers to a time stamp in the video and audio PID’s of the service.
Everything else.

Any splice command in the "everything else" category is injected as soon as possible after reception.

A non-immediate splice_insert() or time_signal() command is injected a specific number of times (2 by default) within a short period of time (2 seconds by default) preceding the specified PTS timestamp in the video stream.

When such a command is received in the plugin, the PTS of the event is compared with the current (or latest) PTS in the service. If the command is late and the PTS of the event is already in the past, the command is dropped. Otherwise, the command is placed in a waiting queue until the event time minus some predefined duration (see option --start-delay). At this time, the command is sent for the first time. It is later re-sent zero or more times. When the event time occurs, the command is no longer needed and is dropped.

Providing splice information tables

There are two possible mechanisms to provide the sections: files or UDP. The two options may be used simultaneously.

Files shall be specified as one single specification with optional wildcards.

Example:

$ tsp ... -P spliceinject --files '/path/to/dir/splice*.xml' ...

All files named splice*.xml which are copied or updated into this directory are automatically loaded and injected. It is possible to automatically delete all files after being loaded.

UDP datagrams shall contain exactly one XML document or several binary sections. The XML document may contain several tables. The sections are injected upon reception. UDP reception is enabled by specifying a local port number.

Example, listening on UDP port number 4444:

$ tsp ... -P spliceinject --udp 4444 ...

Using UDP usually provides a better reactivity than files. UDP messages are processed immediately after reception while files are detected on polling sequences only.

On a usability standpoint, remember that the bash shell provides an easy way to send data or a file in an UDP message. So, sending a file though UDP is not more difficult than copying it to a directory.

The following first command sends an XML file as one single UDP message on port 4444 to system 127.0.0.1 (the local host). The second command illustrates the file option.

$ cat splice_12.xml >/dev/udp/127.0.0.1/4444
$ cp splice_12.xml /path/to/dir

Note that the redirection at /dev/udp/address/port is a feature of bash, not a Linux feature. It is available on all platforms, including macOS and Cygwin or Msys on Windows.

Usage

$ tsp -P spliceinject [options]

General options

--inject-count value

For non-immediate splice_insert() and time_signal() commands, specifies the number of times the same splice information section is injected. The default is 2. Other splice commands are injected once only.

--inject-interval value

For non-immediate splice_insert() and time_signal() commands, specifies the interval in milliseconds between two insertions of the same splice information section. The default is 800 ms.

--min-bitrate value

The minimum bitrate to maintain in the PID carrying the splice information tables.

See section 2.2 for more details on the representation of bitrates.

By default, the PID remains inactive when there is no splice information. If this is a problem for monitoring tools, an artificial minimum bitrate can be maintained for that PID using splice_null() commands.

--min-inter-packet value

This option can be used instead of --min-bitrate when the bitrate of the transport stream is unknown or unreliable. The specified value is the number of TS packets between two splice commands to insert, using splice_null() commands when necessary.

--pcr-pid value

Specifies the PID carrying the PCR reference clock. By default, use the PCR PID as declared in the PMT of the service.

-p value
--pid value

Specifies the PID for the injection of the splice information tables. By default, the injection of splice commands is done in the component of the service with a stream type equal to 0x86 in the PMT, as specified by SCTE 35 standard.

--pts-pid value

Specifies the PID carrying PTS reference clock. By default, use the video PID as declared in the PMT of the service.

--queue-size value

Specifies the maximum number of sections in the internal queue, sections which are received from files or UDP but not yet inserted into the TS. The default is 100.

-s value
--service value

Specifies the service for the insertion of the splice information tables.

If no service is specified, the options --pid and --pts-pid must be specified (--pcr-pid is optional).

--start-delay value

For non-immediate splice_insert() and time_signal() commands, start to insert the first section this number of milliseconds before the specified splice PTS value. The default is 2000 ms.

-w
--wait-first-batch

When this option is specified, the start of the plugin is suspended until the first batch of splice commands is loaded and queued. Without this option, the input files or messages are loaded and queued asynchronously.

This option is typically useful when inserting splice commands from an XML file into a transport stream file. Since files are read much faster than the normal playout speed, it is possible that the splice points are already passed in the transport stream processing when the XML file is loaded. With this option, we have the guarantee that the XML file is loaded before the transport stream processing starts.

On the other hand, this option should not be used on live transport streams. In that case, the transport stream processing must be allowed to start without splice information tables to inject. These tables may be sent much later.

File input options

-d
--delete-files

Specifies that the files should be deleted after being loaded. By default, the files are left unmodified after being loaded. When a loaded file is modified later, it is reloaded and re-injected.

-f 'file-wildcard'
--files 'file-wildcard'

A file specification with optional wildcards indicating which files should be polled. When such a file is created or updated, it is loaded and its content is interpreted as binary, XML or JSON tables. All tables shall be splice information tables.

--max-file-size value

Files larger than the specified size are ignored. This avoids loading large spurious files which could clutter memory. The default is 2048 bytes.

--min-stable-delay value

A file size needs to be stable during that duration, in milliseconds, for the file to be reported as added or modified. This prevents too frequent poll notifications when a file is being written and his size modified at each poll. The default is 500 ms.

--poll-interval value

Specifies the interval in milliseconds between two poll operations. The default is 500 ms.

UDP input options

--buffer-size value

Specifies the UDP socket receive buffer size in bytes (socket option).

--no-reuse-port

Disable the reuse port socket option. Do not use unless completely necessary.

-r
--reuse-port

Set the reuse port socket option. This is now enabled by default, the option is present for legacy only.

-u [address:]port
--udp [address:]port

Specifies the local UDP port on which the plugin listens for incoming binary or XML splice information tables. When present, the optional address shall specify a local IP address or host name (by default, the plugin accepts connections on any local IP interface).

Interpretation of the transport stream content

These options controls the peculiarities of local Digital TV standards and how they are used.

--brazil

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-ISO-8859-15 . This is a handy shortcut when working on South American ISDB-Tb transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--default-charset name

Default character set to use when interpreting strings from tables and descriptors. By default, the standard DVB encoding is used. See section 2.5 for more details.

--europe

A synonym for --default-charset ISO-8859-15. . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--japan

A synonym for --default-charset ARIB-STD-B24 . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--philippines

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-UTF-8 . This is a handy shortcut when working on Philippines transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.84. splicemonitor

Monitor SCTE 35 splice information

This plugin monitors splice information sections, as defined by the [SCTE-35] standard. The event reference, the number of occurrences of each command and the time between the command and the event itself (sometimes called pre-roll time) are displayed.

Usage

$ tsp -P splicemonitor [options]

Options

--alarm-command "command"

Command to run when a splice event is outside the nominal range as specified by other --min and --max options.

The command receives seven additional parameters:

A human-readable message, the same as logged by the plugin.
The PID of the splice command.
The event id.
The string in or out for splice in / splice out command.
The adjusted PTS value in the splice command.
Pre-roll time in milliseconds. This is the time between the first occurrence of a splice command and the corresponding event.
Number of occurences of the command before the event.

These parameters can be used or ignored by the alarm command.

-a
--all-commands

Same as --display-commands but display all SCTE-35 splice information commands. This is equivalent to --select-commands 0-255.

By default, only display splice insert commands.

-d
--display-commands

Display the content of SCTE-35 splice insert commands.

By default, only log a short event description.

--max-pre-roll-time value

Specify a maximum pre-roll time in milliseconds for splice commands.

See option --alarm-command for the processing of non-nominal cases.

--max-repetition value

Specify a maximum number of repetitions for each splice command.

See option --alarm-command for the processing of non-nominal cases.

--meta-sections

Add an hexadecimal dump of each section in the XML and JSON metadata.

--min-pre-roll-time value

Specify a minimum pre-roll time in milliseconds for splice commands.

See option --alarm-command for the processing of non-nominal cases.

--min-repetition value

Specify a minimum number of repetitions for each splice command.

See option --alarm-command for the processing of non-nominal cases.

-n
--no-adjustment

When computing the anticipated pre-roll time at reception of a splice command, do not try to adjust the time using the distance between the last PTS and the splice command.

By default, use the bitrate to adjust the supposed PTS of the splice command itself.

-o file-name
--output-file file-name

Specify an output text file. With --json, this will be a JSON file.

By default, use the message logging system for short messages and the standard output with --display-commands.

-i
--packet-index

Display the current TS packet index for each message or event.

--select-commands value1[-value2]

Same as --display-commands but display the specified SCTE-35 command types only.

By default, only display splice insert commands.

Several --select-commands can be specified.

-s value
--splice-pid value

Specify one single PID carrying SCTE-35 sections to monitor.

By default, all SCTE-35 PID’s are monitored, based in their signalization in the PMT’s.

-t value
--time-pid value

Specify one video or audio PID containing PTS time stamps to link with SCTE-35 sections to monitor.

By default, the PMT’s are used to link between PTS PID’s and SCTE-35 PID’s.

--time-stamp

Add a time stamp (current local time) inside each JSON structure (tables and events).

JSON logging options

-j
--json

Build a JSON description of the splice event (see option --output-file).

When --all-commands is specified, each SCTE-35 table is initially formatted as XML and an automated XML-to-JSON conversion is applied. See section 2.7.3 for more details on XML-to-JSON conversion.

--json-buffer-size value

With --json-tcp or --json-udp, specify the network socket send buffer size.

--json-line[='prefix']

Same as --json but report the JSON text as one single line in the message logger instead of fully formatted output file.

The optional string parameter specifies a prefix to prepend on the log line before the JSON text to facilitate the filtering of the appropriate line in the logs.

--json-tcp address:port

Same as --json but report the JSON text as one single line in a TCP connection instead of the output file.

The address specifies an IP address or a host name that translates to an IP address. The port specifies the destination TCP port.

--json-tcp-keep

With --json-tcp, keep the TCP connection open for all JSON messages. By default, a new TCP connection is established each time a JSON message is produced.

--json-udp address:port

Same as --json but report the JSON text as one single line in a UDP datagram instead of the output file.

The address specifies an IP address which can be either unicast or multicast. It can be also a host name that translates to an IP address. The port specifies the destination UDP port.

Be aware that the size of UDP datagrams is limited by design to 64 kB. If larger JSON contents are expected, consider using --json-tcp.

--json-udp-local address

With --json-udp, when the destination is a multicast address, specify the IP address of the outgoing local interface. It can be also a host name that translates to a local address.

--json-udp-ttl value

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.85. srt (input)

Receive TS packets from Secure Reliable Transport (SRT)

This input plugin receives TS packets from Secure Reliable Transport (SRT).

The received UDP datagrams are analyzed and all TS packets are extracted. Optional extra data at the beginning of the datagram are discarded.

Using this plugin forces tsp and all plugins to use their real-time defaults (see the reference documentation for tsp).

Restrictions

This plugin is not available on all platforms. It is provided only when libsrt is available during the compilation of TSDuck. Typically, this plugin is available on macOS, Windows, Fedora 31 onwards, Ubuntu 19.04 onwards.

Acknowledgement

This plugin is a contribution from Anthony Delannoy.

Input timestamps

The SRT source time value of each message is used as input timestamp by tsp for all TS packets in this message.

Usage

$ tsp -I srt [options]

General options

-d value
--display-interval value

-e value
--evaluation-interval value

--rs204

Specify that all packets are in 204-byte format. By default, the input packet size, 188 or 204 bytes, is automatically detected. Use this option only when necessary.

--timestamp-priority name

Specify how the input timestamp of each packet is computed.

The name specifies an ordered list of timestamp sources. The first available timestamp value is used as input timestamp. The name must be one of rtp-srt-tsp, srt-rtp-tsp, srt-tsp, rtp-tsp, tsp.

The possible timestamp sources are:

rtp : The RTP time stamp, when the UDP packet is an RTP packet.
srt : SRT source time stamp.
tsp : A software timestamp, provided by tsp when the input plugin returns a chunk of packets. The tsp-provided timestamp is always available, always comes last and is less precise.

The default is rtp-srt-tsp.

SRT options

--backlog value

With --listener, specify the number of allowed waiting incoming clients.

The default is one.

--bufferapi

When set, this socket uses the Buffer API. The default is Message API.

-c address:port
--caller address:port

Use SRT in caller (or rendezvous) mode. The parameter specifies the IP remote address (or host name) and UDP port.

If --listener is also specified, the SRT socket works in rendezvous mode.

--conn-timeout value

Connect timeout. SRT cannot connect for RTT > 1500 msec (2 handshake exchanges) with the default connect timeout of 3 seconds. This option applies to the caller and rendezvous connection modes. The connect timeout is 10 times the value set for the rendezvous mode (which can be used as a workaround for this connection problem with earlier versions).

--enforce-encryption

This option enforces that both connection parties have the same passphrase set (including empty, that is, with no encryption), or the connection is rejected.

--ffs value

Flight Flag Size (maximum number of bytes that can be sent without being acknowledged).

--final-statistics

Report SRT usage statistics when the SRT socket is closed.

This option is implicit with --statistics-interval.

--input-bw value

This option is effective only if SRTO_MAXBW is set to 0 (relative).

It controls the maximum bandwidth together with SRTO_OHEADBW option according to the formula:
MAXBW = INPUTBW * (100 + OHEADBW) / 100.

When this option is set to 0 (automatic) then the real INPUTBW value will be estimated from the rate of the input (cases when the application calls the srt_send() function) during transmission.

Recommended: set this option to the predicted bitrate of your live stream and keep default 25% value for SRTO_OHEADBW.

--iptos value

IPv4 Type of Service (see IP_TOS option for IP) or IPv6 Traffic Class (see IPV6_TCLASS of IPv6) depending on socket address family.

Applies to sender only. Sender: user configurable, default: 0xB8.

--ipttl value

IPv4 Time To Live (see IP_TTL option for IP) or IPv6 unicast hops (see IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS for IPV6) depending on socket address family.

Applies to sender only, default: 64.

--json-line[='prefix']

With --statistics-interval or --final-statistics, report the statistics as one single line in JSON format.

The optional string parameter specifies a prefix to prepend on the log line before the JSON text to facilitate the filtering of the appropriate line in the logs.

--kmpreannounce value

The interval (defined in packets) between when a new Stream Encrypting Key (SEK) is sent and when switchover occurs. This value also applies to the subsequent interval between when switchover occurs and when the old SEK is decommissioned.

Note: The allowed range for this value is between 1 and half of the current value of SRTO_KMREFRESHRATE. The minimum value should never be less than the flight window (i.e. the number of packets that have already left the sender but have not yet arrived at the receiver).

--kmrefreshrate value

The number of packets to be transmitted after which the Stream Encryption Key (SEK), used to encrypt packets, will be switched to the new one.

Note that the old and new keys live in parallel for a certain period of time (see SRTO_KMPREANNOUNCE) before and after the switchover.

--latency value

This flag sets both SRTO_RCVLATENCY and SRTO_PEERLATENCY to the same value.

Note that prior to version 1.3.0 this is the only flag to set the latency, however this is effectively equivalent to setting SRTO_PEERLATENCY, when the side is sender (see SRTO_SENDER) and SRTO_RCVLATENCY when the side is receiver, and the bidirectional stream sending in version 1.2.0 is not supported.

--linger value

Linger time on close.

Recommended value: 0

-l [address:]port
--listener [address:]port

Use SRT in listener (or rendezvous) mode. The parameter specifies the IP local address and UDP port on which the SRT socket listens. The address is optional, the port is mandatory.

If --caller is also specified, the SRT socket works in rendezvous mode.

--local-interface address

In caller mode, use the specified local IP interface for outgoing connections.

This option is incompatible with --listener.

--lossmaxttl value

The value up to which the Reorder Tolerance may grow.

When Reorder Tolerance is > 0, then packet loss report is delayed until that number of packets come in. Reorder Tolerance increases every time a "belated" packet has come, but it wasn’t due to retransmission (that is, when UDP packets tend to come out of order), with the difference between the latest sequence and this packet’s sequence, and not more than the value of this option.

By default it’s 0, which means that this mechanism is turned off, and the loss report is always sent immediately upon experiencing a "gap" in sequences.

--max-bw value

Maximum send bandwidth.

Note: This option has a default value of -1. Although in case when the stream rate is mostly constant, it is recommended to use value 0 here and shape the bandwidth limit using SRTO_INPUTBW and SRTO_OHEADBW options.

--messageapi

Use the Message API. This is now the default. Specify --bufferapi to use the Buffer API.

--min-version value

The minimum SRT version that is required from the peer. A connection to a peer that does not satisfy the minimum version requirement will be rejected.

--mss value

Maximum Segment Size. Used for buffer allocation and rate calculation using packet counter assuming fully filled packets.

The smallest MSS between the peers is used. This is 1500 by default in the overall internet. This is the maximum size of the UDP packet and can be only decreased, unless you have some unusual dedicated network settings.

Not to be mistaken with the size of the UDP payload or SRT payload. This size is the size of the IP packet, including the UDP and SRT headers.

--nakreport value

When this option is specified, the receiver will send UMSG_LOSSREPORT messages periodically until the lost packet is retransmitted or intentionally dropped.

--no-reuse-port

With --listener, disable the reuse port socket option.

Do not use unless completely necessary.

--ohead-bw value

Recovery bandwidth overhead above input rate (see SRTO_INPUTBW). It is effective only if SRTO_MAXBW is set to 0.

--packet-filter value

Set up the packet filter. The string must match appropriate syntax for packet filter setup.

See: https://github.com/Haivision/srt/blob/master/docs/packet-filtering-and-fec.md

--passphrase value

Sets the passphrase for encryption. This turns encryption on on this side (or turns it off, if empty passphrase is passed). The passphrase must be 10 to 64 characters long.

--payload-size value

Sets the maximum declared size of a single call to sending function in Live mode. Use 0 if this value isn’t used (which is default in file mode).

This value shall not be exceeded for a single data sending instruction in Live mode.

--pbkeylen value

Sender encryption key length, can be 0, 16 (AES-128), 24 (AES-192), 32 (AES-256).

--peer-idle-timeout value

The maximum time in milliseconds to wait until any packet is received from peer since the last such packet reception. If this time is passed, connection is considered broken on timeout.

--peer-latency value

The latency value (as described in SRTO_RCVLATENCY) that is set by the sender side as a minimum value for the receiver.

--polling-time value

Epoll timeout value in milliseconds for non-blocking mode.

--rcv-latency value

The time that should elapse since the moment when the packet was sent and the moment when it’s delivered to the receiver application in the receiving function.

--rcvbuf value

Receive Buffer Size.

--sndbuf value

Send Buffer Size.

Warning: configured in bytes, converted in packets, when set, based on MSS value.

For desired result, configure MSS first.

--statistics-interval milliseconds

Report SRT usage statistics at regular intervals, in milliseconds.

The specified interval is a minimum value, actual reporting can occur only when data are exchanged over the SRT socket.

--streamid value

A string limited to 512 characters that can be set on the socket prior to connecting. This stream ID will be able to be retrieved by the listener side from the socket that is returned from srt_accept() and was connected by a socket with that set stream ID (so you usually use SET on the socket used for srt_connect() and GET on the socket retrieved from srt_accept()). This string can be used completely free-form, however it’s highly recommended to follow the SRT Access Control guidlines.

--tlpktdrop

Too-late Packet Drop. When enabled on receiver, it skips missing packets that have not been delivered in time and delivers the subsequent packets to the application when their time-to-play has come. It also sends a fake ACK to the sender. When enabled on sender and enabled on the receiving peer, sender drops the older packets that have no chance to be delivered in time. It is automatically enabled in sender if receiver supports it.

--transtype value

Sets the transmission type for the socket, in particular, setting this option sets multiple other parameters to their default values as required for a particular transmission type.

--udp-rcvbuf value

UDP socket receive buffer size in bytes.

--udp-sndbuf value

UDP socket send buffer size in bytes.

Generic input plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all input plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.86. srt (output)

Send TS packets using Secure Reliable Transport (SRT)

This output plugin sends TS packets using Secure Reliable Transport (SRT).

Using this plugin forces tsp and all plugins to use their real-time defaults (see the reference documentation for tsp).

Restrictions

Acknowledgement

This plugin is a contribution from Anthony Delannoy.

Usage

$ tsp -O srt [options]

General options

-m
--multiple

When the receiver peer disconnects, wait for another one and continue.

--restart-delay milliseconds

With --multiple, wait the specified number of milliseconds before restarting.

SRT options

--backlog value

With --listener, specify the number of allowed waiting incoming clients.

The default is one.

--bufferapi

When set, this socket uses the Buffer API. The default is Message API.

-c address:port
--caller address:port

Use SRT in caller (or rendezvous) mode. The parameter specifies the IP remote address (or host name) and UDP port.

If --listener is also specified, the SRT socket works in rendezvous mode.

--conn-timeout value

--enforce-encryption

This option enforces that both connection parties have the same passphrase set (including empty, that is, with no encryption), or the connection is rejected.

--ffs value

Flight Flag Size (maximum number of bytes that can be sent without being acknowledged).

--final-statistics

Report SRT usage statistics when the SRT socket is closed.

This option is implicit with --statistics-interval.

--input-bw value

This option is effective only if SRTO_MAXBW is set to 0 (relative).

It controls the maximum bandwidth together with SRTO_OHEADBW option according to the formula:
MAXBW = INPUTBW * (100 + OHEADBW) / 100.

When this option is set to 0 (automatic) then the real INPUTBW value will be estimated from the rate of the input (cases when the application calls the srt_send() function) during transmission.

Recommended: set this option to the predicted bitrate of your live stream and keep default 25% value for SRTO_OHEADBW.

--iptos value

IPv4 Type of Service (see IP_TOS option for IP) or IPv6 Traffic Class (see IPV6_TCLASS of IPv6) depending on socket address family.

Applies to sender only. Sender: user configurable, default: 0xB8.

--ipttl value

IPv4 Time To Live (see IP_TTL option for IP) or IPv6 unicast hops (see IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS for IPV6) depending on socket address family.

Applies to sender only, default: 64.

--json-line[='prefix']

With --statistics-interval or --final-statistics, report the statistics as one single line in JSON format.

The optional string parameter specifies a prefix to prepend on the log line before the JSON text to facilitate the filtering of the appropriate line in the logs.

--kmpreannounce value

--kmrefreshrate value

The number of packets to be transmitted after which the Stream Encryption Key (SEK), used to encrypt packets, will be switched to the new one.

Note that the old and new keys live in parallel for a certain period of time (see SRTO_KMPREANNOUNCE) before and after the switchover.

--latency value

This flag sets both SRTO_RCVLATENCY and SRTO_PEERLATENCY to the same value.

--linger value

Linger time on close.

Recommended value: 0

-l [address:]port
--listener [address:]port

Use SRT in listener (or rendezvous) mode. The parameter specifies the IP local address and UDP port on which the SRT socket listens. The address is optional, the port is mandatory.

If --caller is also specified, the SRT socket works in rendezvous mode.

--local-interface address

In caller mode, use the specified local IP interface for outgoing connections.

This option is incompatible with --listener.

--lossmaxttl value

The value up to which the Reorder Tolerance may grow.

By default it’s 0, which means that this mechanism is turned off, and the loss report is always sent immediately upon experiencing a "gap" in sequences.

--max-bw value

Maximum send bandwidth.

--messageapi

Use the Message API. This is now the default. Specify --bufferapi to use the Buffer API.

--min-version value

The minimum SRT version that is required from the peer. A connection to a peer that does not satisfy the minimum version requirement will be rejected.

--mss value

Maximum Segment Size. Used for buffer allocation and rate calculation using packet counter assuming fully filled packets.

Not to be mistaken with the size of the UDP payload or SRT payload. This size is the size of the IP packet, including the UDP and SRT headers.

--nakreport value

When this option is specified, the receiver will send UMSG_LOSSREPORT messages periodically until the lost packet is retransmitted or intentionally dropped.

--no-reuse-port

With --listener, disable the reuse port socket option.

Do not use unless completely necessary.

--ohead-bw value

Recovery bandwidth overhead above input rate (see SRTO_INPUTBW). It is effective only if SRTO_MAXBW is set to 0.

--packet-filter value

Set up the packet filter. The string must match appropriate syntax for packet filter setup.

See: https://github.com/Haivision/srt/blob/master/docs/packet-filtering-and-fec.md

--passphrase value

Sets the passphrase for encryption. This turns encryption on on this side (or turns it off, if empty passphrase is passed). The passphrase must be 10 to 64 characters long.

--payload-size value

Sets the maximum declared size of a single call to sending function in Live mode. Use 0 if this value isn’t used (which is default in file mode).

This value shall not be exceeded for a single data sending instruction in Live mode.

--pbkeylen value

Sender encryption key length, can be 0, 16 (AES-128), 24 (AES-192), 32 (AES-256).

--peer-idle-timeout value

The maximum time in milliseconds to wait until any packet is received from peer since the last such packet reception. If this time is passed, connection is considered broken on timeout.

--peer-latency value

The latency value (as described in SRTO_RCVLATENCY) that is set by the sender side as a minimum value for the receiver.

--polling-time value

Epoll timeout value in milliseconds for non-blocking mode.

--rcv-latency value

The time that should elapse since the moment when the packet was sent and the moment when it’s delivered to the receiver application in the receiving function.

--rcvbuf value

Receive Buffer Size.

--sndbuf value

Send Buffer Size.

Warning: configured in bytes, converted in packets, when set, based on MSS value.

For desired result, configure MSS first.

--statistics-interval milliseconds

Report SRT usage statistics at regular intervals, in milliseconds.

The specified interval is a minimum value, actual reporting can occur only when data are exchanged over the SRT socket.

--streamid value

--tlpktdrop

--transtype value

Sets the transmission type for the socket, in particular, setting this option sets multiple other parameters to their default values as required for a particular transmission type.

--udp-rcvbuf value

UDP socket receive buffer size in bytes.

--udp-sndbuf value

UDP socket send buffer size in bytes.

UDP options

-e
--enforce-burst

Enforce that the number of TS packets per UDP packet is exactly what is specified in option --packet-burst. By default, this is only a maximum value.

-p value
--packet-burst value

Specifies the maximum number of TS packets to be grouped into each UDP datagram.

The default is 7, the maximum is 128.

--rs204

Generic output plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all output plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.87. stats

Report various statistics on PID’s and labels

This plugin analyzes the selected PID’s or labels and reports statistics. It currently focuses on inter-packet distances, the number of packets in the TS between two packets of the same PID or label.

Usage

$ tsp -P stats [options]

Options

-c
--csv

Report the statistics in CSV (comma-separated values) format. All values are reported in decimal. It is suitable for later analysis using tools such as Microsoft Excel.

-i seconds
--interval seconds

Produce a new output file at regular intervals. The interval value is in seconds. After outputting a file, the statistics are reset, i.e. each output file contains a fully independent analysis.

-l label1[-label2]
--label label1[-label2]

Analyze packets with the specified labels or range of labels.

Several --label options may be specified.

By default, PID’s are analyzed. The options --label and --pid are mutually exclusive.

--log

Report the statistics in the common transport stream logger, not in a file.

-m
--multiple-files

When used with --interval and --output-file, create a new file for each statistics report instead of rewriting the previous file. Assuming that the specified output file name has the form base.ext, each file is created with a time stamp in its name as base-YYYYMMDD-hhmmss.ext.

-n
--noheader

Do not output initial header line in CSV and text format.

-o filename
--output-file filename

Specify the output text file for the analysis result.

By default, use the standard output.

-p pid1[-pid2]
--pid pid1[-pid2]

Analyze the specified PID or range of PID’s.

Several --pid options may be specified.

By default, all PID’s are analyzed.

-s 'string'
--separator 'string'

Field separator string in CSV output. The default is a comma (,).

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.88. stuffanalyze

Analyze the level of stuffing in sections

This plugin analyzes the level of "stuffing" in sections in a list of selected PID’s. A section is considered as "stuffed" when its payload is larger than 2 bytes and filled with the same byte value (all 0x00 or all 0xFF for instance).

The PID’s to analyze can be selected manually or using CAS criteria.

Usage

$ tsp -P stuffanalyze [options]

Options

-o file-name
--output-file file-name

Specify the output text file for the analysis result. By default, use the standard output.

-p pid1[-pid2]
--pid pid1[-pid2]

Analyze all sections from these PID values. Several --pid options may be specified.

CAS selection options

--cas value

With options --ecm or --emm, select only ECM’s or EMM’s for the specified CA system id value. Equivalent to --min-cas value --max-cas value.

--conax

Equivalent to --min-cas 0x0B00 --max-cas 0x0BFF.

--ecm

Select PID’s containing ECM’s.

--emm

Select PID’s containing EMM’s.

--irdeto

Equivalent to --min-cas 0x0600 --max-cas 0x06FF.

--max-cas value

With options --ecm or --emm, select only ECM’s or EMM’s for the CA system id values in the range --min-cas to --max-cas.

--mediaguard

Equivalent to --min-cas 0x0100 --max-cas 0x01FF.

--min-cas value

With options --ecm or --emm, select only ECM’s or EMM’s for the CA system id values in the range --min-cas to --max-cas.

--nagravision

Equivalent to --min-cas 0x1800 --max-cas 0x18FF.

--nds

Equivalent to --min-cas 0x0900 --max-cas 0x09FF.

--operator value

When a CAS is specified, select only ECM’s or EMM’s for the specified CAS operator. The CAS operator is a non-standard vendor-dependent concept and is recognized for some CAS only.

--safeaccess

Equivalent to --cas 0x4ADC.

--thalescrypt

Equivalent to --min-cas 0x4A80 --max-cas 0x4A8F.

--viaccess

Equivalent to --min-cas 0x0500 --max-cas 0x05FF.

--widevine

Equivalent to --min-cas 0x4AD4 --max-cas 0x4AD5.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.89. svremove

Remove a service

This plugin removes a service from the transport stream. The PAT, SDT-Actual, NIT-Actual and BAT are modified. The PMT and all components, including ECM streams, of the removed service are either removed or replaced by stuffing.

Usage

$ tsp -P svremove [options] service

Parameter

service

Specifies the service to remove.

Options

-a
--ignore-absent

Ignore service if not present in the transport stream.

By default, tsp fails if the service is not found.

-b
--ignore-bat

Do not modify the BAT.

-e
--ignore-eit

Do not remove the EIT’s for this service.

-n
--ignore-nit

Do not modify the NIT.

-s
--stuffing

Replace excluded packets with stuffing (null packets) instead of removing them. Useful to preserve bitrate.

Interpretation of the transport stream content

These options controls the peculiarities of local Digital TV standards and how they are used.

--brazil

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-ISO-8859-15 . This is a handy shortcut when working on South American ISDB-Tb transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--default-charset name

Default character set to use when interpreting strings from tables and descriptors. By default, the standard DVB encoding is used. See section 2.5 for more details.

--europe

A synonym for --default-charset ISO-8859-15. . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--japan

A synonym for --default-charset ARIB-STD-B24 . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--philippines

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-UTF-8 . This is a handy shortcut when working on Philippines transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.90. svrename

Rename a service

This plugin renames a service. It assigns a new service name and/or a new service id.

The PAT, PMT of the service, SDT-Actual, NIT-Actual and BAT are modified.

The service id is modified in the PAT, PMT and SDT Actual. It is modified in the service_list_descriptor and logical_channel_number_descriptor (EACEM/EICTA private descriptor) of the NIT-Actual and the BAT. The service name is modified in the SDT-Actual.

Usage

$ tsp -P svrename [options] [service]

Parameter

service

Specifies the service to rename.

When the service is omitted, the first service in the PAT is used. This is especially convenient when the transport stream is an SPTS.

Options

-f value
--free-ca-mode value

Specify a new free_CA_mode to set in the SDT (0 or 1).

-i value
--id value

Specify a new service id value.

--ignore-bat

Do not modify the BAT.

--ignore-eit

Do not modify the EIT’s for this service.

--ignore-nit

Do not modify the NIT.

-l value
--lcn value

Specify a new logical channel number (LCN).

-n name
--name name

Specify a new service name.

-p name
--provider name

Specify a new provider name.

-r value
--running-status value

Specify a new running_status to set in the SDT (0 to 7).

-t value
--type value

Specify a new service type.

Interpretation of the transport stream content

These options controls the peculiarities of local Digital TV standards and how they are used.

--brazil

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-ISO-8859-15 . This is a handy shortcut when working on South American ISDB-Tb transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--default-charset name

Default character set to use when interpreting strings from tables and descriptors. By default, the standard DVB encoding is used. See section 2.5 for more details.

--europe

A synonym for --default-charset ISO-8859-15. . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--japan

A synonym for --default-charset ARIB-STD-B24 . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--philippines

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-UTF-8 . This is a handy shortcut when working on Philippines transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.91. svresync

Resynchronize the clock of a service based on another service

This plugin resynchronizes time stamps (PCR, PTS, DTS) of a target service based on the reference clock of another service. The two services then share the same time reference and it is possible, for instance, to migrate a component from one service to the other using subsequent manipulations of the two PMT’s.

Resynchronization principles:

The PCR values from the reference service are directly copied into the target service, with respect to the packet distance between reference and target PCR.
When a target PCR is replaced, the applied time offset is recorded and uniformly applied to all subsequent PTS and DTS, until the next target PCR where a slightly different time offset may be computed if the stream does not have a constant bitrate.

This plugin won’t work well if the target service is scrambled. The PCR will be replaced but not the PTS and DTS since they are in the scrambled part of the TS packet.

Usage

$ tsp -P svresync [options] service

Parameter

service

Specifies the target service to resynchronize to the reference clock.

Options

-p value
--pid-reference value

Specifies the PID containing the reference PCR clock. This option can be used instead of a reference service if the reference PCR PID is known.

Exactly one of --service-reference and --pid-reference must be specified.

-s value
--service-reference value

Specifies the service containing the reference clock. Only the PCR PID is used in this service. Other components are ignored.

Exactly one of --service-reference and --pid-reference must be specified.

--set-label label1[-label2]

Set the specified labels on the modified PID’s. On each PID, the label is first set on the first modified packet, and then on all packets of the PID.

Several --set-label options may be specified.

Interpretation of the transport stream content

These options controls the peculiarities of local Digital TV standards and how they are used.

--brazil

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-ISO-8859-15 . This is a handy shortcut when working on South American ISDB-Tb transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--default-charset name

Default character set to use when interpreting strings from tables and descriptors. By default, the standard DVB encoding is used. See section 2.5 for more details.

--europe

A synonym for --default-charset ISO-8859-15. . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--japan

A synonym for --default-charset ARIB-STD-B24 . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--philippines

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-UTF-8 . This is a handy shortcut when working on Philippines transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.92. t2mi

Extract T2-MI (DVB-T2 Modulator Interface) packets

This plugin extracts (or simply logs) T2-MI packets. T2-MI is the DVB-T2 Modulator Interface. This is a protocol which encapsulates DVT-T2 modulator commands (including TS packets) into one PID of a transport stream. See [ETSI-102-773] and [ETSI-302-755] for more details.

This plugin selects one PID from the input transport stream. This PID shall contain an encapsulated T2-MI stream. This plugin extracts the embedded transport stream from one PLP (Physical Layer Pipe) of the original DVB-T2 TS. By default, the input transport stream is completely replaced with the extracted stream. Using the option --output-file, the extracted encapsulated transport stream is saved in a file and, in that case, the input transport stream is passed unmodified.

Alternatively, the t2mi plugin can simply log all T2-MI packets without replacing the input transport stream. This is typically useful for debug only.

This plugin is currently experimental and has some limitations. DVB-T2 is complex and this complexity has an impact on the encapsulation of TS packets inside a T2-MI stream. This plugin may not work with all mode or stream adaptations (see [ETSI-302-755]). If you encounter problems with some T2-MI streams, please report an issue (see [TSDuck-Issues]) and provide a sample transport stream which exhibits the problem.

Usage

$ tsp -P t2mi [options]

Options

-a
--append

With --output-file, if the file already exists, append to the end of the file.

By default, existing files are overwritten.

-e
--extract

Extract encapsulated TS packets from one PLP of a T2-MI stream. The transport stream is completely replaced by the extracted stream.

This is the default if neither --extract nor --t2mi-file nor --log nor --identify is specified.

-i
--identify

Identify all T2-MI PID’s and PLP’s.

If --pid is specified, only identify PLP’s in this PID. If --pid is not specified, identify all PID’s carrying T2-MI and their PLP’s (require a fully compliant T2-MI signalization).

-k
--keep

With --output-file, keep existing file (abort if the specified file already exists).

By default, existing files are overwritten.

-l
--log

Log all T2-MI packets using one single summary line per packet. This is typically useful for debug only.

If --log is specified without --extract, the input transport stream is passed unmodified. If both --extract and --log are specified, the T2-MI packets are logged and the encapsulated stream replaces the input stream.

-o filename
--output-file filename

Specify that the extracted transport stream is saved in this file. In that case, the main transport stream is passed unchanged to the next plugin.

-p value
--pid value

Specify the PID carrying the T2-MI encapsulated stream. By default, the plugin automatically locates and uses the first component with a T2MI_descriptor in the PMT of its service.

--plp value

Specify the PLP (Physical Layer Pipe) to extract from the T2-MI encapsulation. By default, use the first PLP which is found. This option is ignored if --extract is not used.

To determine which PID’s carry T2-MI streams and what are the PLP’s inside each stream, use the command tsanalyze or the plugin analyze.

-t filename
--t2mi-file filename

Save all complete raw T2-MI packets in the specified binary file.

If --plp is specified, only save T2-MI packets for that PLP. Otherwise, save all T2-MI packets from the selected PID.

The created binary file contains all T2-MI packets, contiguously, without any encapsulation. Each T2-MI packet contains enough information to determine its size. Therefore, it possible to read T2-MI packets one by one.

In short, a T2-MI packet is composed of a 6-byte header, a payload, and a 4-byte trailing CRC32. The size of the payload in bits is stored on 16 bits, starting at byte 4 in the header. This size is in bits, not bytes. The size of the payload in bytes is computed from the size in bits, rounded up to the next byte boundary. The total size of the T2-MI packet is consequently this payload size in bytes, plus 10.

See [ETSI-102-773] for more details on the format of T2-MI packets.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.93. tables

Collect tables or sections

This plugin collects tables or sections from a transport stream. The tables can be displayed or saved in a human readable format, saved in binary or XML files or sent over UDP/IP to some collecting server.

This plugin is equivalent to the tstables utility. Actually, the following two commands produce the same result:

$ tstables options filename
$ tsp -I file filename -P tables options -O drop

Usage

$ tsp -P tables [options]

Tables selection and manipulation options

--all-once

Same as --all-sections but collect each section only once per combination of PID, table id, table id extension, section number and version.

-a
--all-sections

-d
--diversified-payload

--exclude-current

Exclude short sections and long sections with "current" indicator. This is rarely necessary.

4.94. teletext

Extract Teletext subtitles in SubRip format

This plugin extracts a Teletext subtitle stream from a service and exports it in SRT format, also known as SubRip format. SRT is a text format which can be manipulated by many video processing tools.

Teletext subtitles are contained in a PID which is signalled in the PMT of the service. Unlike DVB subtitles, a single Teletext PID can contain more than one subtitle stream. Typically, one PID can contain a multiplex of the standard and for hard of hearing subtitles. Each subtitle stream is defined by its Teletext Page number. All page numbers inside a single Teletext PID are normally listed in a Teletext descriptor in the PMT of the service.

The acronym SRT has a double meaning, "SubRip Text" is a subtitle format, "Secure Reliable Transport" is a network protocol. The two concepts are unrelated.

Usage

$ tsp -P teletext [options]

Options

-c
--colors

Add font color tags in the subtitles. By default, no color is specified.

-l name
--language name

Specify the language of the subtitles to select. This option is useful only with --service, when the PMT of the service declares Teletext subtitles in different languages.

-m value
--max-frames value

Specifies the maximum number of Teletext frames to extract. The processing is then stopped.

By default, all frames are extracted.

-o filename
--output-file filename

Specify the SRT output file name. This is a text file. By default, the SRT subtitles are displayed on the standard output.

--page value

Specify the Teletext page to extract. This option is useful only when the Teletext PID contains several pages. By default, the first Teletext frame defines the page to use.

-p value
--pid value

Specify the PID carrying Teletext subtitles.

Alternatively, if the Teletext PID is properly signalled in the PMT of its service, the option --service can be used instead.

-s value
--service value

Specify the service with Teletext subtitles.

The first teletext_descriptor in the PMT of the service is used to identify the PID carrying Teletext subtitles.

If neither --service nor --pid is specified, the first service in the PAT is used.

Interpretation of the transport stream content

These options controls the peculiarities of local Digital TV standards and how they are used.

--brazil

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-ISO-8859-15 . This is a handy shortcut when working on South American ISDB-Tb transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--default-charset name

Default character set to use when interpreting strings from tables and descriptors. By default, the standard DVB encoding is used. See section 2.5 for more details.

--europe

A synonym for --default-charset ISO-8859-15. . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--japan

A synonym for --default-charset ARIB-STD-B24 . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--philippines

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-UTF-8 . This is a handy shortcut when working on Philippines transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.95. time

Schedule packets pass or drop

This plugin schedules in time the processing of packets (drop packets, pass packets or replace them by null packets). This plugin may be used to schedule the recording of a program at a specified time, for instance.

Usage

$ tsp -P time [options]

Specifying time values

A time value must be in the format YYYY/MM/DD:hh:mm:ss.

If --relative is specified, the time value is a number of seconds from the start of execution. It may contain a decimal part if milliseconds are required.

An empty value ("") means from the beginning, that is to say when tsp started.

By default, packets are passed when tsp starts.

Options

-d time
--drop time

All packets are dropped after the specified time.

Several --drop options may be specified.

-n time
--null time

All packets are replaced by null packets after the specified time.

Several --null options may be specified.

-p time
--pass time

All packets are passed unmodified after the specified time.

Several --pass options may be specified.

-r
--relative

All time values are interpreted as a number of seconds relative to the tsp start time.

By default, all time values are interpreted as an absolute time in the format YYYY/MM/DD:hh:mm:ss. Option --relative is incompatible with --tdt or --utc.

-s time
--stop time

Packet transmission stops after the specified time and tsp terminates.

-t
--tdt

Use the Time & Date Table (TDT) from the transport stream as time reference instead of the system clock. Since the TDT contains UTC time, all time values in the command line must be UTC also.

-u
--utc

Specifies that all time values in the command line are in UTC. By default, the time values are interpreted as system local time.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.96. timeref

Update TDT and TOT with a new time reference

This plugin updates all TDT and TOT (and optionally EIT) in the transport stream according to a new time reference. This new reference can be completely new or an offset from the original TS.

Usage

$ tsp -P timeref [options]

Options

-a seconds
--add seconds

Add the specified number of seconds to all UTC time.

Specify a negative value to make the time reference go backward.

--eit

Update events start time in EIT’s. By default, EIT’s are not modified.

When --add is used, the specified offset is applied to all events start time.

When --start is used, EIT’s are dropped until the first TDT or TOT is encountered. Then, the difference between the first TDT or TOT time and the new time reference at this point is applied.

--eit-date-only

Same as --eit but update the date field only in the event start dates in EIT’s. The hour, minute and second fields of the event start dates are left unchanged.

-l minutes
--local-time-offset minutes

Specify a new local time offset in minutes to set in the TOT. The allowed range is -720 to 720 (from -12 hours to +12 hours).

By default, the local time offset is unchanged.

--next-change value

Specify a new UTC date & time for the next DST change, to set in the TOT.

The time value must be in the format "year/month/day:hour:minute:second".

By default, the time of next DST change is unmodified.

--next-time-offset minutes

Specify a new local time offset to be applied after the next DST change, to set in the TOT. The value is in minutes, similar to --local-time-offset.

By default, the next time offset is unchanged.

--notdt

Do not update TDT.

--notot

Do not update TOT.

--only-country name

Restrict the modification of --local-time-offset, --next-change and --next-time-offset to the specified 3-letter country code.

Several --only-country options are allowed.

--only-region id1[-id2]

Restrict the modification of --local-time-offset, --next-change and --next-time-offset to the specified region id inside a country.

Several --only-region options are allowed.

-s time
--start time

Specify a new UTC date & time reference for the first packet in the stream. Then, the time reference is updated according to the number of packets and the bitrate.

A time value must be in the format "YYYY/MM/DD:hh:mm:ss".

The predefined name system can be used to specify the current UTC time from the system clock (use --start system).

--system-synchronous

Keep the TDT and TOT time synchronous with the system clock. Each time a TDT or TOT is updated, the system clock value is used.

It implicitely uses --start system but is immune to the jitter which may happen on the long run without system clock synchronization. If --start is specified with a specific date, the difference between that date and the initial UTC system clock is stored. This offset is then consistently applied to the current system clock in all TDT and TOT.

This option is meaningful on live streams only. It is useless on offline file processing.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.97. timeshift

Delay transmission by a fixed amount of packets

This plugin implements the time shift feature, as commonly found on set-top boxes or some TV sets.

The packet transmission is initially suspended for a given duration and packets are buffered in the meantime. At the end of the initial duration, packets transmission restarts at the point it was suspended. Packet buffering continues. All packets are transmitted without loss but with a time delay.

Usage

$ tsp -P timeshift [options]

Options

--directory path

Specify a directory where the temporary buffer file is created.

By default, the system-specific area for temporary files is used.

The temporary file is hidden and automatically deleted on termination. Specifying another location can be useful to redirect very large buffers on another disk.

If the reserved memory area is large enough to hold the buffer, no file is created.

-d
--drop-initial

Drop output packets during the initial phase, while the time-shift buffer is filling.

By default, initial packets are replaced by null packets.

-m value
--memory-packets value

Specify the number of packets which are cached in memory. Having a larger memory cache improves the performances.

By default, the size of the memory cache is 128 packets.

-p value
--packets value

Specify the size of the time-shift buffer in packets.

There is no default, the size of the buffer shall be specified either using --packets or --time.

-t milliseconds
--time milliseconds

Specify the size of the time-shift buffer in milliseconds.

The initial bitrate is used to convert this duration in number of packets and this value is used as fixed-size for the buffer. This is convenient for constant bitrate (CBR) streams only.

There is no default, the size of the buffer shall be specified either using --packets or --time.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.98. trace

Trace packets with a custom message

The trace message to log can be customized using % fields, like a printf function. By default, when no option --label or --pid is specified, all packets are traced.

Usage

$ tsp -P trace [options]

Options

-f 'string'
--format 'string'

Specify the format of trace lines.

The fields with a % sign are replaced by the corresponding value in the packet. When the letter after % is lowercase, the value is displayed in decimal. When it is uppercase, the value is displayed in hexadecimal.

Table 16. Format substitutions for the plugin `trace`
Dec.	Hex.	Data substitution
`%p`	`%P`	PID value of the packet.
`%i`	`%I`	Index of the packet as seen by the plugin.
`%a`	`%A`	Index of the packet in the input transport stream, including previously removed packets or when the plugin was suspended.
`%%`		Literal '%' sign.

The default format is Packet: %i, PID: %P (%p).

-l label1[-label2]
--label label1[-label2]

Trace packets with any of the specified labels. Labels should have typically been set by a previous plugin in the chain.

Several --label options may be specified.

Note that the option --label is different from the generic option --only-label. The generic option --only-label acts at tsp level and controls which packets are passed to the plugin. All other packets are directly passed to the next plugin without going through this plugin. The option --label, on the other hand, is specific to the trace plugin and traces packets with specific labels among the packets which are passed to this plugin.

-o filename
--output-file filename

Specify the output file for trace lines. By default, report trace lines on standard error using the tsp logging mechanism.

-p pid1[-pid2]
--pid pid1[-pid2]

Trace packets with these PID values.

Several --pid options may be specified.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.99. trigger

Trigger actions on selected TS packets

This plugin triggers an action (running an external command, copying a file, sending an UDP packet) each time a TS packet is marked with a given label. Labels are typically set on packets by a previous plugin in the chain, such as the filter plugin.

By default, without option --label, --start or --stop, the actions are triggered on all packets in the stream. To avoid "avalanche effects" of too many triggers, the options --min-inter-packet and --min-inter-time can be used.

Usage

$ tsp -P trigger [options]

Options

-a
--all-labels

All labels from options --label shall be set on a packet to be selected (logical and).

By default, a packet is selected if any label is set (logical or).

-c file-name
--copy file-name

Copy the specified file when the current packet triggers the actions.

4.100. tsrename

Rename a transport stream

This plugin renames the transport stream. It assigns a new transport stream id and/or an original network id.

The PAT, SDT-Actual, NIT-Actual and BAT are modified.

Usage

$ tsp -P tsrename [options]

Options

-a
--add

Equivalent to --add-bat --add-nit.

--add-bat

Add a new entry for the renamed TS in the BAT and keep the previous entry. By default, the TS entry is renamed. Note that if no previous entry existed for this TS in the BAT, none is created.

--add-nit

Add a new entry for the renamed TS in the NIT and keep the previous entry. By default, the TS entry is renamed. Note that if no previous entry existed for this TS in the NIT, none is created.

--ignore-bat

Do not modify the BAT.

--ignore-eit

Do not modify the EIT’s for this transport stream.

--ignore-nit

Do not modify the NIT.

-o value
--original-network-id value

Modify the original network id. By default, it is unchanged.

-t value
--ts-id value

Modify the transport stream id. By default, it is unchanged.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.101. until

Pass packets until some specified condition

This plugin passes all TS packets to the next plugin in the chain, until one of the specified conditions is met. At this point, the plugin simulates an end of input stream and all subsequent packets are dropped. The previous plugins in the chain are notified to stop. When the next plugins in the chain finish the processing of the passed packet, tsp terminates.

Usage

$ tsp -P until [options]

Options

-b value
--bytes value

Stop after processing the specified number of bytes.

-e
--exclude-last

Exclude the last packet (the one which triggers the final condition).

-j
--joint-termination

When the final condition is triggered, perform a joint termination instead of unconditional termination. See the tsp reference documentation for more details on joint termination.

-m value
--milli-seconds value

Stop the specified number of milli-seconds after receiving the first packet.

-n value
--null-sequence-count value

Stop when the specified number of sequences of consecutive null packets is encountered.

-p value
--packets value

Stop after the specified number of packets.

-s value
--seconds value

Stop the specified number of seconds after receiving the first packet.

-u value
--unit-start-count value

Stop when the specified number of packets containing a payload unit start indicator is encountered.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

4.102. vatek (output)

Send the transport stream to a VATek-based modulator device

This plugin sends the output transport stream to a modulator device which is based on chips from Vision Advance Technology Inc. (VATek). The final modulator device product can be from a different manufacturer.

Usage

$ tsp -O vatek [options]

Options

--bandwidth value

DVB-T, DVB-T2, DMB-T (DTMB): indicate bandwidth in MHz.

Must be one of 1.7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10. The bandwidth values 1.7 and 10 MHz are valid for DVB-T2 only. The default is 8 MHz.

--bandwidth-extension

DVB-T2: indicate that the extended carrier mode is used.

By default, use normal carrier mode.

--constellation value

DVB-T, ISDB-T: indicate the constellation type.

Must be one of 16-QAM, 64-QAM, QPSK. The default is 64-QAM.

-r value
--convolutional-rate value

Indicate the convolutional rate. The specified value depends on the modulation type.

Must be one of 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8. The default is 5/6.

-d value
--device value

Device index, from 0 to N-1 (with N being the number of VATek-based devices in the system).

Use the command tsvatek --all to have a complete list of devices in the system.

By default, use the first VATek-based device (index 0).

--dmb-carrier value

DMB-T (DTMB): indicate the carrier mode. Must be one of 1, 3780. The default is 3780.

--dmb-constellation value

DMB-T (DTMB): indicate the constellation type.

Must be one of 4-QAM, 4-QAM-NR, 16-QAM, 32-QAM, 64-QAM. The default is 64-QAM. 4-QAM-NR and 32-QAM can be used only with --dmb-fec 0.8.

--dmb-fec value

DMB-T (DTMB): indicate the FEC code rate.

Must be one of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8. The default is 0.8.

--dmb-frame-numbering

DMB-T/H, ADTB-T: indicate to use frame numbering.

The default is to use no frame numbering.

--dmb-header value

DMB-T/H, ADTB-T: indicate the FEC frame header mode.

Must be one of PN420, PN595, PN945. The default is PN945.

--dmb-interleaver value

DMB-T (DTMB): indicate the interleaver mode.

Must be one of 1 (B=54, M=240) or 2 (B=54, M=720). The default is 1.

--fft-mode value

DVB-T2: indicate the FFT mode.

Must be one of 1K, 2K, 4K, 8K, 16K. The default is 8K.

-f value
--frequency value

Indicate the frequency, in Hz, of the output carrier. The valid range is 50,000,000 Hz to 1,000,000,000 Hz.

The default is 473,000,000 Hz.

-g value
--guard-interval value

DVB-T and ISDB-T modulators: indicate the guard interval.

Must be one of 1/16, 1/32, 1/4, 1/8. The default is 1/16.

--j83-qam value

Indicate J83 the modulation type.

Must be one of 16-QAM, 32-QAM, 64-QAM, 128-QAM, 256-QAM.

The specified value and default depend on the modulation type.
J83A : 16-QAM, 32-QAM, 64-QAM, 128-QAM, 256-QAM. Default: 64-QAM.
J83B : 64-QAM, 256-QAM. Default: 256-QAM.
J83C : 64-QAM, 256-QAM. Default: 256-QAM.

-m value
--modulation value

Indicate the modulation type. The supported modulation types depend on the device model.

Must be one of ATSC-VSB, DMB-T, DTMB, DVB-T, DVB-T2, ISDB-T, J83A, J83B, J83C. The default is DVB-T.

--pcradjust name

Adjust the buffer transmission speed according to different application.

Must be one of adjust, disable (default).

-p value
--pilot-pattern value

DVB-T2: indicate the pilot pattern to use, a value in the range 1 to 8.

Must be one of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. The default is 7.

--pilots

DVB-S2 and ADTB-T: enable pilots. Default: no pilot.

--plp0-code-rate value

DVB-T2: indicate the convolutional coding rate used by the PLP #0.

Must be one of 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 3/5, 4/5, 5/6. The default is 2/3.

--plp0-fec-type value

DVB-T2: indicate the FEC type used by the PLP #0. Must be one of 16K, 64K. The default is 64K.

--plp0-high-efficiency

DVB-T2: indicate that the PLP #0 uses High Efficiency Mode (HEM). Otherwise, normal Mode (NM) is used.

--plp0-issy value

DVB-T2: type of ISSY field to compute and insert in PLP #0.

Must be one of NONE, SHORT, LONG. The default is NONE.

--plp0-modulation value

DVB-T2: indicate the modulation used by PLP #0.

Must be one of 16-QAM, 256-QAM, 64-QAM, QPSK. The default is 256-QAM.

--plp0-null-packet-deletion

DVB-T2: indicate that null-packet deletion is active in PLP #0.

Otherwise, it is not active.

--plp0-rotation

DVB-T2: indicate that constellation rotation is used for PLP #0.

Otherwise, it is not used.

--remux value

Must be one of:

remux: Lock the first PCR to keep USB transfer TS stable, TS must contain some PCR to operate. This is the default.
passthrough: Bypass TS without padding null packets (input bitrate = output bitrate).

--symbol-rate value

J83a: Specify the symbol rate in symbols/second.

The default is 5,120,000 symbols/second

--t2-guard-interval value

DVB-T2: indicates the guard interval.

Must be one of 1/128, 1/16, 1/32, 1/4, 1/8, 19/128, 19/256. The default is 1/128.

--t2-l1-modulation value

DVB-T2: indicate the modulation type used for the L1-post signalling block.

Must be one of BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM. The default is 16-QAM.

--t2-network-id value

DVB-T2: indicate the DVB-T2 network identification. The default is 0.

--t2-system-id value

DVB-T2: indicate the DVB-T2 system identification. The default is 0.

--t2-version value

DVB-T2: version tag.

Must be one of ver131, ver131_lite. The default is ver131.

-t value
--transmission-mode value

DVB-T, ISDB-T: indicate the transmission mode.

Must be one of 2K, 4K, 8K. The default is 8K.

Generic output plugins options

The following options are implicitly defined in all output plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

4.103. zap

Zap on one or more services, remove all other services

This plugin keeps one or more services in the transport stream and remove all others. If only one service is specified, this plugin produces a Single Program Transport Stream (SPTS) containing only the specified service.

The PAT and SDT are modified in order to contain only the specified services. Unless specified otherwise (see the relevant options), the PMT and all elementary streams of the services are passed transparently. All other PID’s in the transport streams are removed. If some elementary streams (audio, subtitles) must be removed from the service, the PMT is modified accordingly.

For ATSC transport streams, the service is extracted as with any MPEG-compliant transport stream but the PSIP signalization (PID 0x1FFB) is not modified. The TVCT or CVCT still contains the description of all previous (and now removed) services in the transport stream.

Usage

$ tsp -P zap [options] service ...

Parameter

service

The parameters specify the services to keep. Several services can be selected.

Options

-a name
--audio name

Specify a three-letter audio language code to keep. All other audio components are removed (unless specified in an --audio-pid option).

Several --audio options can be specified.

By default, keep all audio components.

--audio-pid value

Specify an audio PID to keep. All other audio components are removed (unless specified in an --audio option).

Several --audio-pid options can be specified.

By default, keep all audio components.

-c
--cas

Keep Conditional Access System sections (CAT and EMM’s). Remove them by default. Note that the ECM’s for the specified services are always kept (unless --no-ecm is specified).

--eit

Keep EIT sections for the specified services. EIT sections for other services are removed. By default, all EIT’s are removed.

-e
--no-ecm

Remove all ECM PID’s. By default, keep all ECM PID’s for the selected services.

-n
--no-subtitles

Remove all subtitles. By default, keep all subtitles for the selected services.

-p
--pes-only

Keep only the PES elementary streams (audio, video, subtitles) for the selected services. Remove all PSI/SI and CAS information.

-s
--stuffing

Replace excluded packets with stuffing (null packets) instead of removing them. Useful to preserve bitrate.

-t name
--subtitles name

Specify a three-letter subtitles language code to keep. All other subtitles components are removed (unless specified in a --subtitles-pid option).

Several --subtitles options can be specified.

By default, keep all subtitles components.

--subtitles-pid value

Specify a subtitles PID to keep. All other subtitles components are removed (unless specified in a --subtitles option).

Several --subtitles-pid options can be specified.

By default, keep all subtitles components.

Interpretation of the transport stream content

These options controls the peculiarities of local Digital TV standards and how they are used.

--brazil

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-ISO-8859-15 . This is a handy shortcut when working on South American ISDB-Tb transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--default-charset name

Default character set to use when interpreting strings from tables and descriptors. By default, the standard DVB encoding is used. See section 2.5 for more details.

--europe

A synonym for --default-charset ISO-8859-15. . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--japan

A synonym for --default-charset ARIB-STD-B24 . See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

--philippines

A synonym for --default-charset RAW-UTF-8 . This is a handy shortcut when working on Philippines transport streams. See section 2.4.2 and section 2.5.2 for more details.

Generic packet processing plugin options

The following options are implicitly defined in all packet processing plugins.

--help

Display the plugin help text.

--only-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets with any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --only-label options may be specified.

--except-label label1[-label2]

Invoke this plugin only for packets without any of the specified labels. Other packets are transparently passed to the next plugin, without going through this one.

Several --except-label options may be specified.

5. Usage Examples

5.1. TSDuck utilities

5.1.1. tsdektec examples

Listing all (-a) Dektec devices:

$ tsdektec -a
0: DTA-110 (DTA-110T Modulator with UHF Upconverter)
1: DTA-140 (DTA-140 DVB/ASI Input+Output)

Listing all (-a) Dektec devices in verbose format (-v):

$ tsdektec -av

DTAPI version: 4.1.1.108
PCI device driver: 2.2.0.124
USB device driver: unknown

* Device 0: DTA-110 (DTA-110T Modulator with UHF Upconverter)
  Physical ports: 1
  Channels: input: 0, output: 1
  Output 0: Port 1, Modulator, Failsafe, ATSC/VSB, DVB-T/DVB-H, DVB-C,
      QAM-B (USA), QAM-C (Japan), UHF
  Subsystem id: 0xD10A (DTA-110)
  Subsystem vendor id: 0x14B4
  Device id: 0x9056
  Vendor id: 0x10B5
  Serial number: 00000000F50268FF
  Firmware version: 4 (0x00000004)
  Firmware variant: 4 (0x00000004)
  PCI bus: 5, slot: 5
  Customer id: 301819
  Engineering change level: Rev 3
  Manufacture id: 03
  Production date: 2002.07
  Part number: DTA-110T
  Serial number: 4110575871
  Crystal stability: RF:1ppm;Sym:25ppm

* Device 1: DTA-140 (DTA-140 DVB/ASI Input+Output)
  Physical ports: 2
  Channels: input: 1, output: 1
  Input 0: Port 1, top socket, ASI/SDI, ASI
  Output 0: Port 2, ASI/SDI, ASI
  Subsystem id: 0xD128 (DTA-140)
  Subsystem vendor id: 0x14B4
  Device id: 0x9056
  Vendor id: 0x10B5
  Serial number: 00000000F6C458E8
  Firmware version: 2 (0x00000002)
  Firmware variant: 0 (0x00000000)
  PCI bus: 5, slot: 6
  Customer id: 301819
  Engineering change level: Rev 1A
  Manufacture id: 03
  Production date: 2003.05
  Part number: DTA-140
  Serial number: 4140062952
  Crystal stability: 10ppm

5.1.2. tslsdvb examples

Listing all DVB receiver devices on a Linux system with a dual-tuner Hauppauge Nova-T 500. Each tuner of the single PCI board is seen as one DVB receiver device:

$ tslsdvb
/dev/dvb/adapter0 (DiBcom 3000MC/P, DVB-T)
/dev/dvb/adapter1 (DiBcom 3000MC/P, DVB-T)

The DVB receiver device name is /dev/dvb/adapter0 but it can also be specified using the option --adapter (-a) in all TSDuck commands: the options --device-name /dev/dvb/adapter1 and -a 1 are equivalent.

Listing all DVB receiver devices on a Windows system with one USB receiver:

C:\> tslsdvb
0: "Nova-T Stick DVB-T Tuner (Dev1 Path0)" (DVB-T)

The DVB receiver device name is "Nova-T Stick DVB-T Tuner (Dev1 Path0)". This is the name of the DirectShow tuner filter supplied by the hardware vendor.

Listing all DVB receiver devices on a Windows system with two other USB receivers:

C:\> tslsdvb
0: "Cinergy T USB XE (MKII) Tuner" (DVB-T)
1: "PCTV DiBcom BDA Digital Tuner (Dev1 Path0)" (DVB-T)

Listing all DVB receiver devices on a Linux system in verbose (-v) format. Note that the current modulation parameters are usually accessible on Linux systems only. On Windows systems, most tuner drivers do not return them and tslsdvb cannot display the characteristics of the current transponder.

$ tslsdvb -v

/dev/dvb/adapter0 (DiBcom 3000MC/P, DVB-T)

  Status: has signal, has carrier, has viterbi, has sync, has lock

  Bit error rate ................................. 0 (0%)
  Signal/noise ratio ............................. 0 (0%)
  Signal strength ........................... 39,586 (60%)
  Uncorrected blocks ............................. 0
  Frequencies:
    Current ............................ 562,000,000 Hz
    UHF channel ................................. 32
    Min ................................. 48,000,000 Hz
    Max ................................ 860,000,000 Hz
    Step .................................... 62,500 Hz
    Tolerance .................................... 0 Hz
  Spectral inversion .......................... auto
  Bandwidth .................................. 8-MHz
  FEC (high priority) .......................... 2/3
  FEC (low priority) ........................... 1/2
  Constellation ............................. 64-QAM
  Transmission mode ............................. 8K
  Guard interval .............................. 1/32
  Hierarchy ................................... none

  Capabilities: inversion auto, FEC 1/2, FEC 2/3, FEC 3/4, FEC 5/6, FEC 7/8,
    FEC auto, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, QAM auto, transmission mode auto,
    guard interval auto, hierarchy auto, recover

/dev/dvb/adapter1 (DiBcom 3000MC/P, DVB-T)

  Status: has signal, has carrier, has viterbi, has sync, has lock

  Bit error rate ................................. 0 (0%)
  Signal/noise ratio ............................. 0 (0%)
  Signal strength ........................... 40,690 (62%)
  Uncorrected blocks ............................. 0
  Frequencies:
    Current ............................ 490,000,000 Hz
    UHF channel ................................. 23
    Min ................................. 48,000,000 Hz
    Max ................................ 860,000,000 Hz
    Step .................................... 62,500 Hz
    Tolerance .................................... 0 Hz
  Spectral inversion .......................... auto
  Bandwidth .................................. 8-MHz
  FEC (high priority) .......................... 2/3
  FEC (low priority) ........................... 1/2
  Constellation ............................. 16-QAM
  Transmission mode ............................. 8K
  Guard interval .............................. 1/32
  Hierarchy ................................... none

  Capabilities: inversion auto, FEC 1/2, FEC 2/3, FEC 3/4, FEC 5/6, FEC 7/8,
    FEC auto, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, QAM auto, transmission mode auto,
    guard interval auto, hierarchy auto, recover

5.1.3. tsscan examples

UHF-band scanning, including a global service list at end of network scanning:

$ tsscan -g
* UHF channel 21, offset +1 (474.166 MHz), strength: 59%
  Transport stream id: 2, 0x0002
* UHF channel 23, offset +1 (490.166 MHz), strength: 62%
  Transport stream id: 8, 0x0008
* UHF channel 24, offset +1 (498.166 MHz), strength: 62%
  Transport stream id: 4, 0x0004
* UHF channel 27, offset +1 (522.166 MHz), strength: 63%
  Transport stream id: 3, 0x0003
* UHF channel 32, offset +1 (562.166 MHz), strength: 61%
  Transport stream id: 6, 0x0006
* UHF channel 35, offset +1 (586.166 MHz), strength: 63%
  Transport stream id: 1, 0x0001

LCN Name             Provider ServId TSId   ONetId Type PMTPID
--- ---------------- -------- ------ ------ ------ ---- ------

  1 TF1              SMR6     0x0601 0x0006 0x20FA 0x01 0x0064
  2 France 2         GR1      0x0101 0x0001 0x20FA 0x01 0x006E
  3 France 3         GR1      0x0111 0x0001 0x20FA 0x01 0x00D2
  4 CANAL+           CNH      0x0301 0x0003 0x20FA 0x01 0x0500
  5 France 5         GR1      0x0104 0x0001 0x20FA 0x01 0x0136
  6 M6               MULTI4   0x0401 0x0004 0x20FA 0x01 0x006E
  7 ARTE             GR1      0x0105 0x0001 0x20FA 0x01 0x01FE
  8 Direct 8         NTN      0x0201 0x0002 0x20FA 0x01 0x0500
  9 W9               MULTI4   0x0402 0x0004 0x20FA 0x01 0x00D2
 10 TMC              SMR6     0x0606 0x0006 0x20FA 0x01 0x0258
 11 NT1              MULTI4   0x0403 0x0004 0x20FA 0x01 0x0136
 12 NRJ12            SMR6     0x0602 0x0006 0x20FA 0x01 0x00C8
 13 LCP              GR1      0x0106 0x0001 0x20FA 0x01 0x0262
 14 France 4         NTN      0x0207 0x0002 0x20FA 0x01 0x0506
 15 BFM TV           NTN      0x0203 0x0002 0x20FA 0x01 0x0502
 16 i>TELE           NTN      0x0204 0x0002 0x20FA 0x01 0x0503
 17 Virgin 17        NTN      0x0205 0x0002 0x20FA 0x01 0x0504
 18 Gulli            NTN      0x0206 0x0002 0x20FA 0x01 0x0505
 20 France Ô         GR1      0x0176 0x0001 0x20FA 0x01 0x02C6
 21 Canal 21         Multi-7  0x0802 0x0008 0x20FA 0x01 0x10E1
 22 IDF1             Multi-7  0x0803 0x0008 0x20FA 0x01 0x10E2
 23 NRJ Paris        Multi-7  0x0804 0x0008 0x20FA 0x01 0x10E3
 24 CAP 24           Multi-7  0x0805 0x0008 0x20FA 0x01 0x10E4
 30 TPS STAR         CNH      0x0306 0x0003 0x20FA 0x01 0x0505
 31 PARIS PREMIERE   MULTI4   0x0404 0x0004 0x20FA 0x01 0x019A
 32 CANAL+ SPORT     CNH      0x0303 0x0003 0x20FA 0x01 0x0502
 33 CANAL+ CINEMA    CNH      0x0302 0x0003 0x20FA 0x01 0x0501
 34 AB1              MULTI4   0x0406 0x0004 0x20FA 0x01 0x0262
 35 PLANETE          CNH      0x0304 0x0003 0x20FA 0x01 0x0503
 36 TF6              MULTI4   0x0405 0x0004 0x20FA 0x01 0x01FE
 37 CANAL J          CNH      0x0305 0x0003 0x20FA 0x01 0x0504
 38 LCI              SMR6     0x0603 0x0006 0x20FA 0x01 0x012C
 39 Eurosport France SMR6     0x0604 0x0006 0x20FA 0x01 0x0190
                              0x01FF 0x0001 0x20FA      0x03F2
                              0x02FF 0x0002 0x20FA      0x050A
                     CNH      0x03F0 0x0003 0x20FA 0x0C 0x050A
                     CNH      0x03F1 0x0003 0x20FA 0x0C 0x050B
                              0x04FF 0x0004 0x20FA 0x0C 0x03F2

UHF-band scanning, including modulation parameters information (usually unavailable on Windows, depending on the tuner driver):

$ tsscan -m
* UHF channel 21, offset +1 (474.166 MHz), strength: 59%
  Transport stream id: 2, 0x0002
  Carrier frequency: 474,166,666 Hz
  Constellation: 64-QAM
  HP streams FEC: 2/3
  LP streams FEC: 1/2
  Guard interval: 1/32
  Transmission mode: 8K
  Hierarchy: none
* UHF channel 23, offset +1 (490.166 MHz), strength: 62%
  Transport stream id: 8, 0x0008
  Carrier frequency: 490,166,666 Hz
  Constellation: 16-QAM
  HP streams FEC: 2/3
  LP streams FEC: 1/2
  Guard interval: 1/32
  Transmission mode: 8K
  Hierarchy: none
* UHF channel 24, offset +1 (498.166 MHz), strength: 62%
  Transport stream id: 4, 0x0004
  Carrier frequency: 498,166,666 Hz
  Constellation: 64-QAM
  HP streams FEC: 2/3
  LP streams FEC: 1/2
  Guard interval: 1/32
  Transmission mode: 8K
  Hierarchy: none
* UHF channel 27, offset +1 (522.166 MHz), strength: 63%
  Transport stream id: 3, 0x0003
  Carrier frequency: 522,166,666 Hz
  Constellation: 64-QAM
  HP streams FEC: 2/3
  LP streams FEC: 1/2
  Guard interval: 1/32
  Transmission mode: 8K
  Hierarchy: none
* UHF channel 32, offset +1 (562.166 MHz), strength: 61%
  Transport stream id: 6, 0x0006
  Carrier frequency: 562,166,666 Hz
  Constellation: 64-QAM
  HP streams FEC: 2/3
  LP streams FEC: 1/2
  Guard interval: 1/32
  Transmission mode: 8K
  Hierarchy: none
* UHF channel 35, offset +1 (586.166 MHz), strength: 63%
  Transport stream id: 1, 0x0001
  Carrier frequency: 586,166,666 Hz
  Constellation: 64-QAM
  HP streams FEC: 3/4
  LP streams FEC: 1/2
  Guard interval: 1/8
  Transmission mode: 8K
  Hierarchy: none

5.1.4. tssmartcard examples

Listing all smartcard readers in the system:

$ tssmartcard
OmniKey CardMan 3121 00 00
OmniKey CardMan 3121 01 00
OmniKey CardMan 3121 02 00
OmniKey CardMan 3121 03 00

Listing all smartcard readers in the system, in verbose (-v) format:

$ tssmartcard -v
OmniKey CardMan 3121 00 00: empty
OmniKey CardMan 3121 01 00: smartcard present
    ATR: 3B DE 18 00 40 11 90 28 43 29 4C 6F 67 69 77 61 79 73 AA 55
OmniKey CardMan 3121 02 00: empty
OmniKey CardMan 3121 03 00: smartcard present
    ATR: 3B DE 18 00 40 11 90 28 43 29 4C 6F 67 69 77 61 79 73 AA 55

Perform a warm (-w) reset on the second smartcard then list all readers in verbose format again: the smartcard now returns its "warm reset" ATR.

$ tssmartcard "OmniKey CardMan 3121 01 00" -w
$ tssmartcard -v
OmniKey CardMan 3121 00 00: empty
OmniKey CardMan 3121 01 00: smartcard present
    ATR: 3B D3 18 00 40 11 90 AA 55
OmniKey CardMan 3121 02 00: empty
OmniKey CardMan 3121 03 00: smartcard present
    ATR: 3B DE 18 00 40 11 90 28 43 29 4C 6F 67 69 77 61 79 73 AA 55

5.1.5. tsterinfo examples

Converting UHF channels to frequencies:

$ tsterinfo -u 21
Carrier Frequency: 474,000,000 Hz
$
$ tsterinfo -u 21 -o 1
Carrier Frequency: 474,166,666 Hz
$
$ tsterinfo -u 21 -o 1 -s
474166666

Converting frequencies to UHF channels:

$ tsterinfo -f 474166666
UHF channel: 21, offset: 1
$
$ tsterinfo -f 474166000
UHF channel: 21, offset: 1
Warning: exact frequency for channel 21, offset 1 is 474,166,666 Hz, differ by -666 Hz

Computing transport stream bitrate from OFDM modulation parameters:

$ tsterinfo -h 2/3 -g 1/32
Transport stream bitrate: 24,128,342 b/s
$
$ tsterinfo -h 2/3 -g 1/32 -c QPSK
Transport stream bitrate: 8,042,780 b/s
$
$ tsterinfo -h 2/3 -g 1/32 -c QPSK -s
8042780

Retrieving OFDM modulation parameters from the transport stream bitrate. Note that the second example gives two possible sets of parameters with the same bitrate difference.

$ tsterinfo -b 24128300
  Nominal bitrate .......... 24,128,342 b/s
  Bitrate difference .............. -42 b/s
  Bandwidth ..................... 8-MHz
  FEC (high priority) ............. 2/3
  Constellation ................ 64-QAM
  Guard interval ................. 1/32
$
$ tsterinfo -b 24882000
  Nominal bitrate .......... 24,882,352 b/s
  Bitrate difference ............. -352 b/s
  Bandwidth ..................... 8-MHz
  FEC (high priority) ............. 3/4
  Constellation ................ 64-QAM
  Guard interval .................. 1/8

  Nominal bitrate .......... 24,882,352 b/s
  Bitrate difference ............. -352 b/s
  Bandwidth ..................... 8-MHz
  FEC (high priority) ............. 5/6
  Constellation ................ 64-QAM
  Guard interval .................. 1/4

5.1.6. tshides examples

The command tshides lists the HiDes devices, typically cheap modulators. Since these devices are simple encapsulations around chips from ITE Technologies, using device drivers from ITE, they usually appear as ITE 950x, from the model name of the main chip in the HiDes device.

Using tshides on Windows:

C:\> tshides
0: "IT9507 TX Filter"

C:\> tshides -v
Found 1 HiDes device

Index ........... 0
Name ............ "IT9507 TX Filter"
Device .......... \\?\usb#vid_048d&pid_9507#ut100cv4201504240422#{fbf6f530-07b9-11d2-
a71e-0000f8004788}\{9963cc0e-ee70-11e0-ba8f-92d34824019b}
USB mode ........ 0x0200
Vendor id ....... 0x048D
Product id ...... 0x9507
Chip type ....... 0x9507
Device type ..... 11
Driver version .. 21.17.39.1
Link firmware ... 255.39.2.0
OFDM firmware ... 255.9.11.0

The option --gain-range is used to display the adjustable gain range for a given frequency and a given bandwidth. Sample usage on Windows, using the default values for frequency and bandwidth:

C:\> tshides --gain-range
Device: 0: "IT9507 TX Filter"
Frequency: 474,000,000 Hz
Bandwidth: 8-MHz
Min. gain: -52 dB
Max. gain: 6 dB

Using tshides on Linux with the same HiDes device. Notice the naming difference.

$ tshides
0: "usb-it950x0" (/dev/usb-it950x0)
$
$ tshides -v
Found 1 HiDes device

Index ........... 0
Name ............ "usb-it950x0"
Device .......... /dev/usb-it950x0
Chip type ....... 0x9507
Device type ..... 11
Driver version .. v16.11.10.1
API version ..... 1.3.20160929.0
Link firmware ... 255.39.2.0
OFDM firmware ... 255.9.11.0
Company ......... ITEtech
Hardware info ... Eagle DVBT

5.1.7. tsswitch examples

The following diagram illustrates a sample usage of the tsswitch command.

Figure 4. Sample input switching configuration

In the example above, four inputs are used. Each input contains an SPTS (single-program transport stream).

Two of these inputs are network streams already containing an SPTS. They can be directly received by an input plugin in tsswitch (the plugin ip is used to receive an UDP/IP multicast stream and the plugin http is used to receive an HTTP unicast stream).

The two other inputs are taken from broadcast transport streams which contain multiple services. The target service must be extracted before input to tsswitch. To achieve that, we run two tsp commands which extract the target services and we inject the output into an input of tsswitch.

The complete command skeleton is the following:

$ tsswitch --remote 4444 \
           -I fork 'tsp -I dvb ... -P zap service0' \
           -I ip 226.2.2.2:1234 \
           -I http --infinite http://server.foo.com/service2/ \
           -I fork 'tsp -I dvb ... -P zap service3' \
  | tsp -P ... -O ...

In this command, the remote control will send commands to UDP port 4444. For instance:

$ echo >/dev/udp/127.0.0.1/4444 2
$ echo >/dev/udp/127.0.0.1/4444 0
$ echo >/dev/udp/127.0.0.1/4444 next
$ echo >/dev/udp/127.0.0.1/4444 prev

Note that the syntax >/dev/udp/127.0.0.1/4444 is a feature of the bash shell to redirect the command output into a UDP datagram. This a feature of bash, not a Linux feature. It is available on all platforms, including macOS and Cygwin or Msys on Windows, as long as you use bash.

5.1.8. tsxml examples

The tsxml utility is mainly used to test the effect of XML patch files, as used with option --patch-xml in various plugins.

In this example, we want to patch PAT’s, the simplest form of table.

Consider the following patch file:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<tsduck>

  <!-- The following transformations are applied on all PAT's -->
  <PAT>
    <!-- Add this service in all PAT's -->
    <service service_id="123" program_map_PID="7777" x-node="add"/>
    <!-- Change PMT PID of service 102 in any PAT -->
    <service service_id="102" x-update-program_map_PID="2121"/>
    <!-- Delete service 202 in any PAT -->
    <service service_id="202" x-node="delete"/>
  </PAT>

  <!-- The following transformations are applied only on PAT's with TS id 2 -->
  <PAT transport_stream_id="2">
    <!-- Add this service in all PAT's with TS id 2 -->
    <service service_id="456" program_map_PID="8888" x-node="add"/>
  </PAT>

</tsduck>

Consider the following input file:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<tsduck>
  <PAT transport_stream_id="1">
    <service service_id="101" program_map_PID="1111"/>
    <service service_id="102" program_map_PID="1222"/>
    <service service_id="103" program_map_PID="1333"/>
  </PAT>
  <PAT transport_stream_id="2">
    <service service_id="201" program_map_PID="2111"/>
    <service service_id="202" program_map_PID="2222"/>
    <service service_id="203" program_map_PID="2333"/>
    <service service_id="204" program_map_PID="2444"/>
    <service service_id="205" program_map_PID="2555"/>
  </PAT>
</tsduck>

Let’s apply the XML patch on it:

$ tsxml pat.xml --patch patch.xml -o updated-pat.xml

The output file contains this:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<tsduck>
  <PAT transport_stream_id="1">
    <service service_id="101" program_map_PID="1111"/>
    <service service_id="102" program_map_pid="2121"/>
    <service service_id="103" program_map_PID="1333"/>
    <service service_id="123" program_map_PID="7777"/>
  </PAT>
  <PAT transport_stream_id="2">
    <service service_id="201" program_map_PID="2111"/>
    <service service_id="203" program_map_PID="2333"/>
    <service service_id="204" program_map_PID="2444"/>
    <service service_id="205" program_map_PID="2555"/>
    <service service_id="123" program_map_PID="7777"/>
    <service service_id="456" program_map_PID="8888"/>
  </PAT>
</tsduck>

5.1.9. tsscan using a tuner emulator

The command tsscan scans a broadcast network using a tuner. In case of problem analysis, the user must be present in the corresponding geographical area or have an easy access to a remote system with a reception equipment in that area. To simulate the environment elsewhere, it is possible to locally collect one capture file per frequency and use them to emulate the tuning operations.

See section 7.1.4 for more details on tuner emulators.

The following XML file tuner.xml describes our tuner emulator:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<tsduck>
  <defaults delivery="DVB-T" bandwidth="4,000,000" directory="../italy-sardinia-dttv"/>
  <channel frequency="474,000,000" file="mux1rai.ts"/>
  <channel frequency="482,000,000" file="mux2canaleitalia.ts"/>
  <channel frequency="490,000,000" file="mux3mediaset.ts"/>
  <channel frequency="498,000,000" file="mux4rai.ts"/>
  <channel frequency="506,000,000" file="muxsardegna1.ts"/>
  <channel frequency="514,000,000" file="muxtcs.ts"/>
  <channel frequency="522,000,000" file="muxtelesardegna.ts"/>
  <channel frequency="530,000,000" file="muxvideolina.ts"/>
</tsduck>

The frequencies are chosen from UHF channels 21 to 28 in Western Europe (the default HF band region in TSDuck). The listed files were captured in a local area and are available in [TSDuck-Streams].

The files are organized as follow:

test:
    tuner.xml
italy-sardinia-dttv:
    mux1rai.ts
    mux2canaleitalia.ts
    mux3mediaset.ts
    mux4rai.ts
    muxsardegna1.ts
    muxtcs.ts
    muxtelesardegna.ts
    muxvideolina.ts

The following command is a standard tsscan operation, except that the tuner device name is the XML file which describes the tuner emulator.

The option --default-pds eacem is required because the signalization of these streams is incorrect, the private data specifier descriptors are missing.

$ tsscan -d test/tuner.xml -u -l --last-channel 28 --default-pds eacem

* UHF channel 21 (474 MHz), strength: 100%, quality: 100%
  Transport stream id: 1, 0x0001

  LCN Name               Provider ServId TSId   ONetId Type PMTPID
  --- ------------------ -------- ------ ------ ------ ---- ------
    1 Rai 1              RAI      0x0D49 0x0001 0x013E 0x01 0x0102
    2 Rai 2              RAI      0x0D4A 0x0001 0x013E 0x01 0x0101
    3 Rai 3 TGR Sardegna RAI      0x0D4B 0x0001 0x013E 0x01 0x0100
   48 Rai News 24        RAI      0x0D53 0x0001 0x013E 0x01 0x0118
  100 Test HEVC main10   Rai      0x0D52 0x0001 0x013E 0x1F 0x012C
      Rai Radio1         RAI      0x0D4C 0x0001 0x013E 0x02 0x0103
      Rai Radio2         RAI      0x0D4D 0x0001 0x013E 0x02 0x0104
      Rai Radio3         RAI      0x0D4E 0x0001 0x013E 0x02 0x0105

* UHF channel 22 (482 MHz), strength: 100%, quality: 100%
  Transport stream id: 18385, 0x47D1

  ServId TSId   ONetId PMTPID
  ------ ------ ------ ------
  0x0001 0x47D1 0x217C 0x0064
  0x0002 0x47D1 0x217C 0x0020
  0x0003 0x47D1 0x217C 0x0021
  0x0004 0x47D1 0x217C 0x0022
  0x0005 0x47D1 0x217C 0x0023
  0x0006 0x47D1 0x217C 0x0024
  0x0007 0x47D1 0x217C 0x0025
  0x0008 0x47D1 0x217C 0x0026
  0x0009 0x47D1 0x217C 0x0027
  0x000A 0x47D1 0x217C 0x0028
  0x000B 0x47D1 0x217C 0x0029
  0x000C 0x47D1 0x217C 0x002A
  0x000D 0x47D1 0x217C 0x002B
  0x000E 0x47D1 0x217C 0x002C
  0x000F 0x47D1 0x217C 0x002D
  0x0010 0x47D1 0x217C 0x002E
  0x0011 0x47D1 0x217C 0x002F
  0x0012 0x47D1 0x217C 0x0030
  0x0013 0x47D1 0x217C 0x0031
  0x0014 0x47D1 0x217C 0x0032
  0x0015 0x47D1 0x217C 0x0033
  0x0016 0x47D1 0x217C 0x0034
  0x0017 0x47D1 0x217C 0x0035
  0x0018 0x47D1 0x217C 0x0036
  0x0019 0x47D1 0x217C 0x0038
  0x001A 0x47D1 0x217C 0x0039
  0x001B 0x47D1 0x217C 0x003A
  0x001C 0x47D1 0x217C 0x003C
  0x001D 0x47D1 0x217C 0x003B
  0x001E 0x47D1 0x217C 0x003E
  0x001F 0x47D1 0x217C 0x003D
  0x0020 0x47D1 0x217C 0x0037

* UHF channel 23 (490 MHz), strength: 100%, quality: 100%
  Transport stream id: 930, 0x03A2

  LCN Name                ServId TSId   ONetId Type PMTPID
  --- ------------------- ------ ------ ------ ---- ------
    4 Rete4 HD            0x0BBC 0x03A2 0x0110 0x19 0x00D6
    5 Canale5 HD          0x0BBD 0x03A2 0x0110 0x19 0x00D7
    6 Italia1 HD          0x0BBE 0x03A2 0x0110 0x19 0x0041
   55 Mediaset Extra      0x0BEF 0x03A2 0x0110 0x01 0x00FF
   66 Mediaset Italia Due 0x0BFA 0x03A2 0x0110 0x01 0x010A
  504 Rete4 HD            0x0C20 0x03A2 0x0110 0x19 0x00CC
  505 Canale5 HD          0x0C21 0x03A2 0x0110 0x19 0x00CD
  506 Italia1 HD          0x0C22 0x03A2 0x0110 0x19 0x00CE
  566 Mediaset Italia Due 0x0C5E 0x03A2 0x0110 0x01 0x010B
      Servizio 31         0x001F 0x03A2 0x0110      0x0065
      Servizio 32         0x0020 0x03A2 0x0110      0x0066
      Servizio 33         0x0021 0x03A2 0x0110      0x0067
      Servizio 34         0x0022 0x03A2 0x0110      0x0068
      Servizio 35         0x0023 0x03A2 0x0110      0x0069
      Servizio 36         0x0024 0x03A2 0x0110      0x006A
      Servizio 37         0x0025 0x03A2 0x0110      0x006B
      Servizio 38         0x0026 0x03A2 0x0110      0x006C
      Servizio 39         0x0027 0x03A2 0x0110      0x006D
      Ghost               0x0063 0x03A2 0x0110      0x0063

* UHF channel 24 (498 MHz), strength: 100%, quality: 100%
  Transport stream id: 5, 0x0005

  LCN Name           Provider ServId TSId   ONetId Type PMTPID
  --- -------------- -------- ------ ------ ------ ---- ------
   57 Rai Sport + HD Rai      0x2197 0x0005 0x013E 0x01 0x0211
  502 Rai 2 HD       Rai      0x2190 0x0005 0x013E 0x01 0x020D
  503 Rai 3 HD       Rai      0x2191 0x0005 0x013E 0x01 0x0229

* UHF channel 25 (506 MHz), strength: 100%, quality: 100%
  Transport stream id: 6001, 0x1771

  LCN Name               Provider     ServId TSId   ONetId Type PMTPID
  --- ------------------ ------------ ------ ------ ------ ---- ------
   19 Sardegna1          Sardegna1 TV 0x0001 0x1771 0x1F41 0x01 0x0100
  172 Sardegna2 - EjaTV  Sardegna1 TV 0x0002 0x1771 0x1F41 0x01 0x0200
  272 Sardegna3 - MATEX  Sardegna1 TV 0x0003 0x1771 0x1F41 0x01 0x0300
  607 Canale40 Regionale SARDEGNA TV  0x000B 0x1771 0x1F41 0x01 0x0BBE
  641 Sardegna4          Sardegna1 TV 0x0007 0x1771 0x1F41 0x01 0x010A
  642 Sardegna5          Sardegna1 TV 0x0008 0x1771 0x1F41 0x01 0x0114
  643 Sardegna6          Sardegna1 TV 0x0009 0x1771 0x1F41 0x01 0x011E
      Radio SuperSound   Sardegna1 TV 0x0006 0x1771 0x1F41 0x02 0x00E3

* UHF channel 26 (514 MHz), strength: 100%, quality: 100%
  Transport stream id: 130, 0x0082

  LCN Name              Provider  ServId TSId   ONetId Type PMTPID
  --- ----------------- --------- ------ ------ ------ ---- ------
   13 Telecostasmeralda Harmonic  0x0001 0x0082 0x01CA 0x01 0x1029
  113 TCS 2             videolina 0x000D 0x0082 0x01CA 0x01 0x0110

* UHF channel 27 (522 MHz), strength: 100%, quality: 100%
  Transport stream id: 43008, 0xA800

  LCN Name             Provider         ServId TSId   ONetId Type PMTPID
  --- ---------------- ---------------- ------ ------ ------ ---- ------
   14 Telesardegna     Telesardegna     0x0001 0xA800 0x3001 0x01 0x0820
  114 Telesardegna 1   Telesardegna     0x0002 0xA800 0x3001 0x01 0x0821
  214 Telesardegna 2   Telesardegna     0x0003 0xA800 0x3001 0x01 0x0822
  609 Telesardegna 3   Telesardegna     0x0004 0xA800 0x3001 0x01 0x0823

* UHF channel 28 (530 MHz), strength: 100%, quality: 100%
  Transport stream id: 297, 0x0129

  LCN Name              Provider  ServId TSId   ONetId Type PMTPID
  --- ----------------- --------- ------ ------ ------ ---- ------
   10 Videolina         Videolina 0x0001 0x0129 0x217C 0x01 0x0405
   13 TeleCostaSmeralda Videolina 0x0005 0x0129 0x217C 0x01 0x0407
  110 Videolina 2       Videolina 0x0002 0x0129 0x217C 0x01 0x0402
  210 Videolina  3      Videolina 0x0003 0x0129 0x217C 0x01 0x0403
  510 Videolina HD Test Videolina 0x0006 0x0129 0x217C 0x01 0x0406
  601 Videolina 4       Videolina 0x0004 0x0129 0x217C 0x01 0x0404
      Radiolina         Videolina 0x000A 0x0129 0x217C 0x02 0x0210
      Rad1              Videolina 0x000B 0x0129 0x217C 0x0C 0x006F
      Radio Bonaria     Videolina 0x000C 0x0129 0x217C 0x02 0x0070

5.1.10. tspcap examples

The tspcap utility analyzes .pcapng files, as saved by Wireshark. While Wireshark remains the easiest and most useful tool to investigate network problems and analyze .pcapng files, let’s see how tspcap can help in the analysis of a real-world problem.

A problem has been identified in the communication between an EMMG and a MUX. A network capture has been saved. When analyzing the capture using Wireshark, we can see that the EMMG/PDG⇔MUX protocol is implemented correctly but, by the end of the capture, the MUX reports a stream error with an exceed bandwidth message. Is there really an increase of EMM bandwidth and by how much? Using Wireshark, it is not easy to precisely answer that question. So, let’s use tspcap.

First, let’s get a global summary of the file content:

$ tspcap test.pcapng

File summary:
  Total packets in file: 704
  Total IP packets:      698
  File size:             707,960 bytes
  Total packets size:    684,150 bytes
  Total IP size:         674,018 bytes

Filtered packets summary:
  Packets:               698
  Packets size:          674,018
  Payload data size:     646,098
  Start time:            2021/08/14 15:39:44.011 (+0 micro-seconds)
  End time:              2021/08/14 15:39:46.593 (+2,582,174 micro-seconds)
  Duration:              2,582,174 micro-seconds
  IP bitrate:            2,088,218 bits/second
  Data bitrate:          2,001,717 bits/second

Now, let’s identify which streams are present in the file:

$ tspcap test.pcapng --list-streams

Source                 Destination            Protocol  Packets   Data bytes     Bitrate
192.168.201.18:5000    192.168.201.100:59054  TCP           208        1,572       4,870
192.168.201.100:59054  192.168.201.18:5000    TCP           490      644,526   1,996,847

The MUX accepts connections on the TCP port 5000. Let’s list the statistics of the connection to that destination by intervals of 200 milliseconds (200,000 micro-seconds):

$ tspcap test.pcapng --destination 192.168.201.18:5000 --interval 200,000

Date                        Micro-seconds     Packets      Data bytes      Bitrate
2021/08/14 15:39:44.011               +13           4           3,368      134,720
2021/08/14 15:39:44.211          +200,013           3           3,032      121,280
2021/08/14 15:39:44.411          +400,013           2           2,882      115,280
2021/08/14 15:39:44.611          +600,013           3           3,144      125,760
2021/08/14 15:39:44.811          +800,013           4           3,256      130,240
2021/08/14 15:39:45.011        +1,000,013           2           2,882      115,280
2021/08/14 15:39:45.211        +1,200,013           3           3,144      125,760
2021/08/14 15:39:45.411        +1,400,013         136         165,210    6,608,400
2021/08/14 15:39:45.611        +1,600,013          60          84,568    3,382,720
2021/08/14 15:39:45.811        +1,800,013          61          84,300    3,372,000
2021/08/14 15:39:46.011        +2,000,013          57          77,872    3,114,880
2021/08/14 15:39:46.211        +2,200,013          60          83,696    3,347,840
2021/08/14 15:39:46.411        +2,400,013          95         127,172    5,086,880

Now we see the problem. The bitrate of the stream from the EMMG to the MUX is stable above 100 kb/s (the EMM bandwidth is 100 kb/s but the displayed bitrate includes the EMMG/PDG⇔MUX protocol overhead).

And, at some point, the EMM bandwidth suddenly jumps to 6 Mb/s and then remains stable at 3 Mb/s. Now, we know that the problem is on the EMMG side.

5.2. TSP examples

This section demonstrates the usage of the transport stream processor on some typical examples. Refer to the documentation of each specific plugin for more details.

5.2.1. Capturing a TS from an external source

The following example captures 20 seconds of the satellite transponder containing the Canal+ service and saves it into a file.

We assume that we have a DVB-S adapter and a dish which is pointed to the Astra satellite. We also assume that we have a fully defined channel file with the description of services (see appendix B for a description of channel files).

$ tsp -I dvb --channel canal+ \
      -P until --seconds 20 \
      -O file ts_capture.ts

Same example, using specific tuning information for the satellite transponder (carrier 11.856 GHz, vertical polarity, 27.5 mega-symbols / second):

$ tsp -I dvb --frequency 11,856,000,000 --polarity vertical --symbol-rate 27,500,000 \
      -P until --seconds 20 \
      -O file ts_capture.ts

Same example using short names for options, knowing that the default polarity is vertical:

$ tsp -I dvb -f 11856000000 -s 27500000 -P until -s 20 -O file ts_capture.ts

5.2.2. Routing a TS between several physical transports

The following example reads the same satellite transponder and redirects its content to the first Dektec DVB-ASI output device. The output bitrate of the ASI stream is locked to the input bitrate (from the satellite transponder).

$ tsp -I dvb -t 11856:v:0:27500 -O dektec

5.2.3. Using IP multicast

The following example reads a transport stream from the second Dektec DVB-ASI input device ("device 1"), extracts the service named "Arte", with French audio track only (identified as "fra" in the PMT) and broadcasts the resulting SPTS on the LAN using multicast IP (port 1000 on multicast address 224.10.11.12).

$ tsp -I dektec -d 1 \
      -P zap arte -a fra \
      -O ip 224.10.11.12:1000

Then, the service Arte can be received from any workstation on the LAN using, for instance, the free VLC media player.

As an alternative to VLC, the Linux receivers may use the following example to view the channel using another standard Linux media player:

$ tsp -I ip 224.10.11.12:1000 | mplayer -

5.2.4. Regulating the output speed

The following example reads a captured transport stream file, extracts the service Arte and broadcasts it on the LAN.

$ tsp -I file -i ts_capture.ts \
      -P zap arte \
      -P pcrbitrate \
      -P regulate \
      -O ip 224.10.11.12:1000

Since reading a file can be extremely fast, it is not reasonable to broadcast the TS packets without regulation. If the receivers wish to play the TV program, the TS packets arrive too fast. The pcrbitrate plugin re-computes the expected TS bitrate after extraction of the selected service. Then, the regulate plugin introduces wait periods to slow down the stream to the previously computed bitrate.

On the contrary, when the input source is a live transponder, this kind of regulation is useless since the input source is already regulated at the appropriate speed.

Unfortunately, this is not completely true in all cases. The average bitrate is regulated by the source (the live transponder) but there is a potential burst problem. If the broadcaster system and all receivers use the same type in connection to the LAN (1 Gb/s for instance) and if the LAN backbone does not slow down the bandwidth, this is fine. However, there is a problem if the broadcaster has a faster connection to the LAN than the receivers (say 1 Gb/s vs. 100 Mb/s). Of course, 100 Mb/s is enough to receive one service which usually needs around 4 Mb/s. However, there is a potential burst problem.

To avoid burst in case of non-homogeneous access speed to the LAN, the broadcaster should smooth the flow at all stages, as illustrated in the following command:

$ tsp --max-input-packets 128 \
      -I dvb -c arte \
      -P zap arte \
      -P pcrbitrate --min-pcr 256 \
      -P regulate --packet-burst 128 \
      -O ip 224.10.11.12:1000 --packet-burst 128

5.2.5. Scheduling the recording of a program

The following example records the contents of the channel named "France 2" between 17:15 and 17:30, the 6th of July 2006.

$ tsp -I dvb -c france2 \
      -P time --drop "" --pass "2006/07/06:17:15:00" --stop "2006/07/06:17:30:00" \
      -P zap france2 \
      -O file program.ts

The -I option selects the first DVB input device, tuning on the transponder containing the channel named "France 2".

The first -P option specifies to:

Initially drop packets (--drop "")
Start passing packets at 17:15 the 6th of July 2006.
Stop packet processing (and make tsp terminate) at 17:30 the 6th of July 2006.

The second -P option extracts only the service named "France 2" and the -O option finally saves the resulting SPTS in the file program.ts.

5.2.6. Extracting selected packets

The following silly example dumps the content of the 20^th TS packet with the payload unit start indicator set in PID 0x0208:

$ tsp -I file /data1/mpeg/test/frtv_tnt.mpg \
      -P filter --pid 0x208 \
      -P filter --unit-start \
      -P skip 19 \
      -P until --packets 1 \
      -P dump \
      -O drop

Note that the filter plugin selects packets matching any of the specified conditions (an "or" selection). Here, to select packets matching two conditions (an "and" selection), we chain two filter plugins.

5.2.7. Monitoring selected MPEG tables (here, EMM’s)

The following example demonstrates how to monitor the EMM’s for a given operator.

The first command determines on which PID the EMM’s are sent. This command analyzes the satellite transponder which carries the channel Canal+ during 2 seconds. Instead of the full human-readable analysis report, we ask for a normalized output format and we filter the conditions we need: a line starting with pid: for description of a PID, :emm: for a PID carrying EMM’s, :cas=256: to filter EMM’s for CA System Id 256 (0x100, ie. MediaGuard).

$ tsp -I dvb -c canal+ \
      -P until -s 2 \
      -P analyze --normalized \
      -O drop | \
      grep ^pid: | grep :emm: | grep :cas=256:

The output of this command is:

pid:pid=193:emm:cas=256:access=clear: […]
pid:pid=196:emm:cas=256:operator=129:access=clear: […]

We now know that PID 193 carries the MediaGuard individual EMM’s and PID 196 carries the MediaGuard group EMM’s for operator 129 (OPI of Canal+).

The second command, below, filters the contents of those two PID’s and formats the contents of the MPEG tables that are carried in those PID’s.

$ tsp -I dvb -c canal+ -P filter -p 193 -p 196 -P tables -O drop

Of course, since EMM’s are ciphered, their contents are obscure to the user and the display looks like:

* EMM (0x82), TID 130 (0x82), PID 193 (0x00C1)
  Version: 0, sections: 1, total size: 117 bytes
  - Section 0:
    0000:  00 00 09 F3 87 00 00 80 00 B0 10 01 5E E7 07 85  ...ó.....°..^ç..
    0010:  22 C3 DB 13 75 43 3B 5C 1E 08 DC 4A 05 35 AD 54  "ÃÛ.uC;\..ÜJ.5T
    0020:  B5 52 35 B1 61 FB 37 BB EC 6D 55 F5 21 B6 4C 58  µR5±aû7»ìmUõ!LX
    0030:  80 F4 FA FB D9 C5 D0 A2 C7 22 BA 77 51 B9 C8 96  .ôúûÙÅÐ¢Ç"ºwQ¹È.
    0040:  A3 79 9E 5A 24 74 2A 01 7D 00 62 A3 EC D4 AF DF  £y.Z$t*.}.b£ìÔ¯ß
    0050:  F2 43 B1 3A 72 B5 B3 E0 C9 22 68 2D 50 F0 FE 82  òC±:rµ³àÉ"h-Pðþ.
    0060:  47 1F AC 95 5F D2 59 E6 C8 C6 78 BE F3 C5 A9 CF  G.._ÒYæÈÆx¾óÅ©Ï
    0070:  05 90                                            ..

* EMM (0x82), TID 130 (0x82), PID 193 (0x00C1)
  Version: 0, sections: 1, total size: 105 bytes
  - Section 0:
    0000:  00 00 F1 F2 F3 F4 00 00 00 B0 10 01 98 3E EF 81  ..ñòóô...°...>ï.
    0010:  45 E1 A1 D3 76 B9 B0 21 D6 F9 5F AB 4B 07 9D 13  Eá¡Óv¹°!Öù_«K...
    ...

5.2.8. Scanning all services by CAS operator

The following complex example scans a complete satellite network, looking for the list of services which are scrambled for an operator.

We assume that we have a DVB-S adapter and a dish which is pointed to the Astra satellite.

The first command scans the NIT (Network Information Table) of a known transponder. The output is the list of all transponders in the network. This list is sorted and duplicate lines are removed (sort -u).

Then, each transponder is analyzed during 3 seconds (-P until -s 3) and the result of the analysis in normalized format is saved in a temporary file. From this analysis file, we extract the PID’s carrying ECM’s with CA system id 256 (MediaGuard) and MediaGuard OPI 128 (CanalSat). For each ECM PID, we extract the list of services this PID belongs to.

Thus, for each transponder, we get a list of services (actually, a list of service ids) which are scrambled for the CanalSat MediaGuard operator. Finally, we use again the transponder analysis in normalized format to get the service name for each of these service ids.

For this kind of complex examples, we now use shell-scripts instead of interactive commands.

inittune='-f 11856000000'  # Initial transponder to scan the NIT
cas=256                    # MediaGuard CA system id
opi=128                    # MediaGuard OPI for CanalSat

tsp -I dvb $inittune -P nitscan -t -O drop | \
sort -u | \
while read tune; do
    tsp -I dvb -t $tune \
        -P until -s 3 \
        -P analyze --normalized -o tmp.tmp \
        -O drop
    grep "^pid:" tmp.tmp | \
    grep ":ecm:" | \
    grep ":cas=$cas:" | \
    grep ":operator=$opi:" | \
    sed -e 's/^.*:servlist=//' -e 's/:.*$//' -e 's/,/\n/' | \
    while read serv; do
        grep "^service:" tmp.tmp | \
        grep ":id=$serv:" | \
        sed -e "s/^.*:name=/Transponder: $tune  Service: /"
    done
    rm -f tmp.tmp
done

The output of this script gives the following output (107 lines):

Transponder: 11739:v:0:27500  Service: MTV F
Transponder: 11739:v:0:27500  Service: MTV HITS.
Transponder: 11739:v:0:27500  Service: MTV Base.
...
Transponder: 12640:v:0:22000  Service: TOON DISNEY
Transponder: 12640:v:0:22000  Service: MOTORS TV
Transponder: 12640:v:0:22000  Service: E! ENTERTAINMENT

5.2.9. On-the-fly replacement of an SI table

The following example tests an updated version of a Bouquet Association Table (BAT) on a live transport stream. The updated stream is then reinjected in a local network or set-top box.

We assume to have a DVB-T tuner card to capture live streams and a Dektec DTA-110T DVB-T modulator (PCI card) to send the modified stream into a local distribution network (or even to one single directly-connected STB).

We capture one transport stream (the "R4" from the French DTTV network, on UHF channel 24). We remove the BAT of the 'Tv Numéric' operator and we replace it with a new one, the table we wish to test. The new table is stored in binary section format into a file named BAT_TvNumeric_V3.si.

First, we capture all tables from the PID 0x0011 (the one which carries the SDT’s and the BAT’s).

$ tsp -I dvb --uhf 24 -P until -s 10 -P filter -p 0x011 | tstables -m -b r4.si
$ rm -f r4_p0011_t4A_e0086_*.si # remove current Tv Numeric BAT

These commands capture and save all tables (SDT’s and BAT’s) in binary files named r4_p0011_*.si during 10 seconds. Each section is stored in a separate file (option -m in tstables). The current "TV Numeric" BAT is removed. Note the file name r4_p0011_t4A_e0086_*.si which means all sections from PID 0x0011 with TID 0x4A (BAT) and TID extension 0x0086 (bouquet identifier for operator "TV Numeric").

The following command now performs the live replacement. The inject plugin is used to replace the content of PID 0x0011 with the sections in all the specified files. These files are all the previously captured sections from this PID (minus the previous BAT which was deleted) and the new BAT.

$ tsp -I dvb -u 24 \
      -P inject --replace 0x0011 r4_p0011_*.si BAT_TvNumeric_V3.si \
      -O dektec -u 24 --convolution 2/3 --guard 1/32

5.2.10. Performing the global analysis of a transponder

The following command receives a DVB-T transport stream from UHF channel 35 during 100 seconds and produces an analysis report in the text file R1.analysis. The first 5000 packets are ignored since the signal may not be quite stable right after the tuning operation.

$ tsp -I dvb --uhf-channel 35 \
      -P skip 5000 \
      -P until -s 100 \
      -P analyze --title "R1 (Channel 35)" -o R1.analysis \
      -O drop

The report file is quite large:

===============================================================================
|  TRANSPORT STREAM ANALYSIS REPORT                          R1 (Channel 35)  |
|=============================================================================|
|  Transport Stream Id: .......... 1 (0x0001)  |  PID's: Total: ......... 35  |
|  Bytes: ....................... 317,825,468  |         Clear: ......... 35  |
|  TS packets: .................... 1,690,561  |         Scrambled: ...... 0  |
|  Invalid TS packets: .................... 0  |         With PCR's: ..... 6  |
|  Services: .............................. 7  |         Unreferenced: ... 0  |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|  Transport stream bitrate, based on ....... 188 bytes/pkt    204 bytes/pkt  |
|  User-specified: ......................... 24,882,352 b/s   26,999,998 b/s  |
|  Estimated based on PCR's: ............... 24,882,351 b/s   26,999,998 b/s  |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|  Broadcast time: ................................... 102 sec (1 mn 42 sec)  |
|  First TDT time stamp: ............................... 2008/06/11 09:34:25  |
|  Last TDT time stamp: ................................ 2008/06/11 09:35:37  |
|  TOT country code: ................................................... FRA  |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Serv.Id  Service Name                              Access          Bitrate  |
|  0x0101  France 2 ....................................  C    3,637,078 b/s  |
|  0x0104  France 5 ....................................  C    4,567,443 b/s  |
|  0x0105  ARTE ........................................  C    3,688,018 b/s  |
|  0x0106  LCP .........................................  C    3,554,581 b/s  |
|  0x0111  France 3 ....................................  C    4,828,238 b/s  |
|  0x0176  .France Ô ...................................  C    3,286,441 b/s  |
|  0x01FF  (System Software Update) ....................  C       35,015 b/s  |
|                                                                             |
|  Note 1: C=Clear, S=Scrambled                                               |
|  Note 2: Unless explicitely specified otherwise, all bitrates are based on  |
|  188 bytes per packet.                                                      |
===============================================================================


===============================================================================
|  SERVICES ANALYSIS REPORT                                  R1 (Channel 35)  |
|=============================================================================|
|  Global PID's                                                               |
|  TS packets: 87,342, PID's: 7 (clear: 7, scrambled: 0)                      |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|     PID  Usage                                     Access          Bitrate  |
|   Total  Global PID's  ...............................  C    1,285,534 b/s  |
|  0x0000  PAT  ........................................  C       15,027 b/s  |
|  0x0010  DVB-NIT  ....................................  C        4,503 b/s  |
|  0x0011  SDT/BAT  ....................................  C          750 b/s  |
|  0x0012  EIT  ........................................  C       37,075 b/s  |
|  0x0014  TDT/TOT  ....................................  C          132 b/s  |
|  0x0015  Network Synchronization  ....................  C        2,737 b/s  |
|  0x1FFF  Stuffing  ...................................  C    1,225,306 b/s  |
|=============================================================================|
|  Service: 257 (0x0101), TS: 1 (0x0001), Original Netw: 8442 (0x20FA)        |
|  Service name: France 2, provider: GR1                                      |
|  Service type: 1 (0x01), Digital television service                         |
|  TS packets: 247,111, PID's: 4 (clear: 4, scrambled: 0)                     |
|  PMT PID: 110 (0x006E), PCR PID: 120 (0x0078)                               |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|     PID  Usage                                     Access          Bitrate  |
|   Total  Digital television service  .................  C    3,637,078 b/s  |
|  0x006E  PMT  ........................................  C       15,042 b/s  |
|  0x0078  MPEG-2 Video  ...............................  C    3,404,836 b/s  |
|  0x0082  MPEG-1 Audio (fra)  .........................  C      198,433 b/s  |
|  0x008C  Subtitles (fra, DVB subtitles, no aspect rati  C       18,765 b/s  |
|          (C=Clear, S=Scrambled, +=Shared)                                   |
|=============================================================================|
|  Service: 260 (0x0104), TS: 1 (0x0001), Original Netw: 8442 (0x20FA)        |

… more services skipped …

|=============================================================================|
|  Service: 511 (0x01FF), TS: 1 (0x0001), Original Netw: 8442 (0x20FA)        |
|  Service name: (System Software Update), provider: (unknown)                |
|  Service type: 0 (0x00), Reserved service type 0x00                         |
|  TS packets: 2,379, PID's: 2 (clear: 2, scrambled: 0)                       |
|  PMT PID: 1010 (0x03F2), PCR PID: None                                      |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|     PID  Usage                                     Access          Bitrate  |
|   Total  Reserved service type 0x00  .................  C       35,015 b/s  |
|  0x0294  DSM-CC U-N (SSU Sagem Communication)  .......  C       19,987 b/s  |
|  0x03F2  PMT  ........................................  C       15,027 b/s  |
|          (C=Clear, S=Scrambled, +=Shared)                                   |
===============================================================================


===============================================================================
|  PIDS ANALYSIS REPORT                                      R1 (Channel 35)  |
|=============================================================================|
|  PID: 0 (0x0000)                                                       PAT  |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|  Global PID                Transport:                Discontinuities:       |
|  Bitrate: .... 15,027 b/s  Packets: ......... 1,021  Expected: ......... 0  |
|  Access: Clear             Adapt.F.: ............ 0  Unexpect: ......... 0  |
|                            Duplicated: .......... 0  Sections:              |
|                            PCR: ................. 0  Unit start: ... 1,021  |
|                                                                             |
|=============================================================================|
|  PID: 16 (0x0010)                                                  DVB-NIT  |

… more PID's skipped …

|=============================================================================|
|  PID: 8191 (0x1FFF)                                               Stuffing  |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|  Global PID                Transport:                Discontinuities:       |
|  Bitrate: . 1,225,306 b/s  Packets: ........ 83,250  Expected: ......... 0  |
|  Access: Clear             Adapt.F.: ............ 0  Unexpect: ......... 0  |
|                            Duplicated: .......... 0  Sections:              |
|                            PCR: ................. 0  Unit start: ....... 0  |
|                                                                             |
===============================================================================

5.2.11. Performing the global analysis of a network

This section presents an automated way to analyze a network (here, the French terrestrial network) using a GNU makefile.

Using the simple command make, each known transport stream (designated by its UHF channel number) is analyzed. For each TS, for instance the one named "R1", the following text files are created:

R1.analysis: Global analysis of the TS in human-readable format, as in section 5.2.10.
R1.anl: Global analysis of the TS in normalized format, for use by other scripts.
R1.psi: Analysis of the main PSI/SI tables (PAT, CAT, PMT, SDT, NIT, BAT).

Individual targets, such as make R1, can be used to analyze only one TS. Use the make option -B to force the analysis again when the files already exist.

The command make capture captures 120 seconds of each TS in files named R1.ts, R2.ts, etc. Similarly, commands like make R1.ts capture only one TS.

The content of the makefile is the following:

# === This is a GNU makefile ===

# List of UHF channels:

ALL_CHAN = R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 L8

R1_CHAN = 35
R2_CHAN = 21
R3_CHAN = 27
R4_CHAN = 24
R5_CHAN = 29
R6_CHAN = 32
L8_CHAN = 23

# Channel full names:

$(foreach R,$(ALL_CHAN),$(eval $R_NAME=$R (Channel $($R_CHAN))))

# Default target is analysis of all TS

all: $(ALL_CHAN)

$(ALL_CHAN): %: %.analysis %.anl %.psi

%.analysis %.services %.anl %.psi:
	tsp -I dvb $(DEVICE) --uhf $($(*F)_CHAN) \
	    -P skip 5000 \
	    -P until -s 100 \
	    -P analyze --title "$($(*F)_NAME)" -o $*.analysis \
	    -P analyze --title "$($(*F)_NAME)" -o $*.anl --normalized \
	    -P psi -a -o $*.psi \
	    -O drop

# Capture TS content:

capture: $(foreach R,$(ALL_CHAN),$R.ts)

%.ts:
	tsp -I dvb $(DEVICE) --uhf $($(*F)_CHAN) \
	    -P skip 5000 \
	    -P until -s 120 \
	    -O file $@

5.2.12. Monitoring the stuffing rate of all transponders in a network

The following script monitors the stuffing bitrate of a list of selected transport streams. The output is suitable for import into Microsoft Excel so that further analysis can be performed. It can be executed on Linux or Windows (using the Cygwin shell).

In this script, the transport streams are designated by a list of UHF channels, meaning DVB-T only. Here, the UHF channels represent the 5 main MUX of the French DTTV in the Paris area.

# List of UHF channels
UHF_CHANNELS="35 21 27 24 32"

# Analysis time per TS, in seconds
ANALYSIS_TIME=20

# Sample interval, in seconds
SAMPLE_INTERVAL=300

# Excel separator character for "csv" files (depends on Excel locale)
EXCEL_SEPARATOR=';'

# Main loop
while true; do

    # Current date in seconds since epoch
    curtime=$(date "+%s")

    # Loop on all TS
    outline=
    for uhf in $UHF_CHANNELS; do
        stuffing=$(
            tsp -I dvb --uhf-channel $uhf \
                -P until -s $ANALYSIS_TIME \
                -P analyze --normalized \
                -O drop | \
                grep '^pid:' | \
                grep ':pid=8191:' | \
                sed -e 's/^.*:bitrate=//' -e 's/:.*//')
        outline="${outline}${EXCEL_SEPARATOR}${stuffing}"
    done

    # Current date and stuffing rates in Excel format
    echo "$(date -d @$curtime '+%d/%m/%Y %H:%M')${outline}"

    # Sleep until next sample time
    sleeptime=$(( $curtime + $SAMPLE_INTERVAL - $(date "+%s") ))
    [[ $sleeptime -le 0 ]] || sleep $sleeptime
done

The script runs infinitely and produces the following output:

12/06/2008 14:01;1208706;4501497;3762828;626932;1145037
12/06/2008 14:06;1232543;4505620;3782431;621524;1172479
12/06/2008 14:11;1225293;4505553;3487315;613616;1151119
12/06/2008 14:16;1231288;4505958;3415868;665393;1156933
....

It may be imported into Microsoft Excel to produce the following graph:

Figure 5. Stuffing bitrate sample diagram

5.2.13. Analyzing the bitrate of all services in a network

The following script demonstrates a way to produce a report of the bitrate of all services in a network.

First, you need to analyze all TS in the network and get the result in normalized format (see section 5.2.11 for an example). Then run the following script on all normalized analysis files.

echo "MUX  Service                    Bitrate   Video bitrate  Access"
echo "---  ------------------  --------------  --------------  ---------"

for f in $*; do
    tsid=$(grep '^ts:' $f | sed -e 's/.*:id=//' -e 's/:.*//')
    grep '^service:' $f | grep ':servtype=1:' | \
    while read line; do
        name=$(sed <<<"$line" -e 's/.*:name=//')
        bitrate=$(sed <<<"$line" -e 's/.*:bitrate=//' -e 's/:.*//')
        access=$(sed <<<"$line" -e 's/.*:access=//' -e 's/:.*//')
        pidgrep=$(sed <<<"$line" -e 's/.*:pidlist=//' -e 's/:.*//' \
                                 -e 's/^/-e :pid=/' \
                                 -e 's/,/: -e :pid=/g' -e 's/$/:/')
        vbitrate=0
        for br in $(grep '^pid:' $f | grep $pidgrep | grep ':video:' | \
                    sed -e 's/.*:bitrate=//' -e 's/:.*//')
        do
            vbitrate=$(( $vbitrate + $br ))
        done
        printf "R%d   %-18s  %'10d b/s  %'10d b/s  %s\n" \
            $tsid "$name" $bitrate $vbitrate $access
    done
done

Let’s name that script bitrate-summary. When used in conjunction with the makefile from section 5.2.11, you get:

$ make -f Makefile.tnt
...
$ bitrate-summary *.anl

MUX  Service                    Bitrate   Video bitrate  Access
---  ------------------  --------------  --------------  ---------
R8   Canal 21             2,803,938 b/s   2,588,374 b/s  clear
R8   IDF1                 3,502,350 b/s   3,254,550 b/s  clear
R8   NRJ Paris            6,462,333 b/s   6,214,518 b/s  clear
R8   CAP 24               2,929,000 b/s   2,681,200 b/s  clear
R1   France 2             3,655,962 b/s   3,419,466 b/s  clear
R1   France 5             4,600,309 b/s   4,379,003 b/s  clear
R1   ARTE                 5,052,002 b/s   4,627,464 b/s  clear
R1   LCP                  2,867,453 b/s   2,649,782 b/s  clear
R1   France 3             3,510,985 b/s   3,293,801 b/s  clear
R1   .France Ô            3,857,456 b/s   3,643,981 b/s  clear
R2   Direct 8             2,740,873 b/s   2,432,179 b/s  clear
R2   BFM TV               3,120,068 b/s   2,913,715 b/s  clear
R2   i>TELE               2,699,497 b/s   2,493,143 b/s  clear
R2   Virgin 17            4,947,397 b/s   4,676,283 b/s  clear
R2   Gulli                3,280,344 b/s   3,036,397 b/s  clear
R2   France 4             2,748,753 b/s   2,477,639 b/s  clear
R3   CANAL+               8,369,816 b/s   7,477,442 b/s  scrambled
R3   CANAL+ CINEMA        2,975,779 b/s   2,531,416 b/s  scrambled
R3   CANAL+ SPORT         2,930,938 b/s   2,493,595 b/s  scrambled
R3   PLANETE              2,340,974 b/s   2,095,053 b/s  scrambled
R3   CANAL J              2,609,858 b/s   2,371,848 b/s  scrambled
R3   TPS STAR             3,203,408 b/s   2,779,778 b/s  scrambled
R4   M6                   4,628,819 b/s   3,834,868 b/s  clear
R4   W9                   3,231,344 b/s   2,694,826 b/s  clear
R4   NT1                  3,278,883 b/s   2,887,844 b/s  clear
R4   PARIS PREMIERE       4,009,594 b/s   3,404,277 b/s  scrambled
R4   ARTE HD              7,725,247 b/s   7,171,310 b/s  clear
R5   TF1 HD               9,032,166 b/s   8,635,108 b/s  clear
R5   France 2 HD          7,593,045 b/s   7,080,227 b/s  clear
R5   M6HD                 7,301,165 b/s   6,714,945 b/s  clear
R6   TF1                  5,022,465 b/s   3,951,056 b/s  clear
R6   NRJ12                6,883,049 b/s   6,026,657 b/s  clear
R6   LCI                  1,379,288 b/s   1,224,422 b/s  scrambled
R6   Eurosport            3,535,155 b/s   3,380,304 b/s  scrambled
R6   TF6                  1,701,739 b/s   1,543,181 b/s  scrambled
R6   TMC                  4,103,693 b/s   3,890,212 b/s  clear

5.2.14. Analyzing the number of PCR per second

It is sometimes useful to get a complete overview of the number of PCR per second in each service of a network. The following script illustrates this.

First, you need to analyze all TS in the network and get the result in normalized format (see section 5.2.11 for an example). Then run the following script on all normalized analysis files.

for file in $*; do
    sec=$(grep '^ts:' $file | grep ':duration=' | \
          sed -e 's/.*:duration=//' -e 's/:.*//')
    if [[ "$sec" -gt 1 ]]; then
        grep '^service:' $file | grep ':pcrpid=' | grep ':name=' |
        while read line; do
            pid=$(sed <<<$line -e 's/.*:pcrpid=//' -e 's/:.*//')
            name=$(sed <<<$line -e 's/.*:name=//')
            count=$(grep '^pid:' $file | grep ":pid=$pid:" | grep ':pcr=' | \
                    sed -e 's/.*:pcr=//' -e 's/:.*//')
            if [[ "$count" -ne 0 ]]; then
                printf "%4d PCR/s - %s\n" \
                       $((($count + ($sec / 2)) / $sec)) "$name"
            fi
        done
    fi
done | sort

Let’s name that script pcrrate. When used in conjunction with the makefile from section 5.2.11, you get:

$ make -f Makefile.tnt
...
$ pcrrate *.anl

  29 PCR/s - France 2 HD
  29 PCR/s - TF1 HD
  30 PCR/s - ARTE
  30 PCR/s - ARTE HD
  30 PCR/s - BFM TV
  30 PCR/s - Canal 21
  30 PCR/s - CAP 24
  30 PCR/s - Direct 8
  30 PCR/s - France 2
  30 PCR/s - France 3
  30 PCR/s - France 4
  30 PCR/s - France 5
  30 PCR/s - .France Ô
  30 PCR/s - Gulli
  30 PCR/s - IDF1
  30 PCR/s - i>TELE
  30 PCR/s - LCP
  30 PCR/s - M6
  30 PCR/s - M6HD
  30 PCR/s - NRJ12
  30 PCR/s - NRJ Paris
  30 PCR/s - NT1
  30 PCR/s - Virgin 17
  30 PCR/s - W9
  31 PCR/s - CANAL+
  31 PCR/s - TF1
  31 PCR/s - TMC
  50 PCR/s - CANAL+ CINEMA
  50 PCR/s - CANAL J
  50 PCR/s - CANAL+ SPORT
  50 PCR/s - Eurosport
  50 PCR/s - LCI
  50 PCR/s - PARIS PREMIERE
  50 PCR/s - PLANETE
  50 PCR/s - TF6
  50 PCR/s - TPS STAR

5.2.15. Injecting a System Software Update (SSU) service

This example illustrates how to inject a new System Software Update (SSU) service into a transport stream as defined in [ETSI-102-006]. This type of procedure can be used to test the SSU capabilities of a set-top box in real conditions, using a live transport stream.

The test scenario is the following:

A DVB-T transport stream is received on UHF channel 24.
This transport stream has at least 56 kb/s of stuffing packets (much more actually). Our tsp command steals 56 kb/s of stuffing and replaces them with a new service (16 kb/s for the new service’s PMT and 40 kb/s for the SSU data PID).
The STB software provider delivers three types of SSU tables: a DSI, a DII and a lot of DDB’s. The tables are provided as binary files containing the sections. There is one file dsi.bin containing the DSI section, one file dii.bin containing the DII section, and one file ddb.bin containing all DDB sections.
These tables are multiplexed in the same SSU data PID but have different repetition rates constraints. Here, we use 14 seconds for the DSI and 60 seconds for the DII. The DDB use the rest of the available bitrate in the SSU data PID.
After analysis of the transport stream, the new SSU service will use the service id 0x04F0 and PID values 0x1F00 (SSU data) and 0x1F01 (PMT). These values are chosen since they are not used in the original transport stream.
The resulting transport stream with the added SSU service in sent to an embedded Dektec OFDM modulator on the same frequency as the original service. The output of the modulator can be directly connected to a STB.

The PMT of the service is defined as follow in file pmt.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<tsduck>
  <PMT service_id="0x04F0">
    <component elementary_PID="0x1F00" stream_type="0x0B">
      <data_broadcast_id_descriptor data_broadcast_id="0x000A">
        <selector_bytes>
          0C 00 12 22 F1 DF 06 FF FF FF FF F0 F0
        </selector_bytes>
      </data_broadcast_id_descriptor>
    </component>
  </PMT>
</tsduck>

In this example, the specified OUI value and selector bytes are those which are used by Logiways SSU on Skardin-based STB.

The files pmt.xml, dsi.bin, dii.bin and ddb.bin are injected in the transport stream using the following command:

$ tsp -I dvb -u 24 \
      -P pat -a 0x04F0/0x1F01 --increment-version \
      -P inject -b 16000 -p 0x1F01 -s pmt.xml \
      -P inject -b 40000 -p 0x1F00 -s dsi.bin=14000 dii.bin=60000 ddb.bin \
      -O dektec -u 24 --convolution 2/3 --guard 1/32

By incrementing the version of the PAT, we state that the content of the PAT has changed. Thus, the STB will analyze it again and will discover the new service.

In case the transport stream does not initially contain enough stuffing to inject the SSU service, it is possible to remove a service and replace it with stuffing. In the following command, the service named AB1 is first replaced by stuffing, representing a stuffing increase of 4 Mb/s.

$ tsp -I dvb -u 24 \
      -P svremove -s AB1 \
      -P pat -a 0x04F0/0x1F01 --increment-version \
      -P inject -b 16000 -p 0x1F01 -s pmt.xml \
      -P inject -b 40000 -p 0x1F00 -s dsi.bin=14000 dii.bin=60000 ddb.bin \
      -O dektec -u 24 --convolution 2/3 --guard 1/32

5.2.16. Analyzing EPG data

This example illustrates how to analyze EIT sections and report which service supports EPG data (EIT schedule) and for how many days. The command analyzes the content of UHF channel 27 (DVB-T) during 30 seconds and reports a summary of EIT analysis.

$ tsp -I dvb -u 27 -P until -s 30 -P eit -O drop
Summary
-------
TS id:         3 (0x0003)
Last UTC:      2008/08/13 14:19:28
EITp/f actual: 186
EITp/f other:  435
EITs actual:   461
EITs other:    0

TS      Services  With EITp/f  With EITs  EPG days
------  --------  -----------  ---------  --------
Actual         8            6          6         3
Other         66           66          0         0

A/O  TS Id   Srv Id  Name           EITp/f  EITs  EPG days
---  ------  ------  -------------  ------  ----  --------
Oth  0x0001  0x0101                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0104                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0105                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0106                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0110                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0111                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0112                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0113                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0114                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0115                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0116                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0117                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0118                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0119                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x011A                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x011B                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x011C                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x011D                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x011E                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x011F                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0120                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0121                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0122                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0123                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0124                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0125                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0126                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0127                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0128                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0129                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x012A                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x012B                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x012C                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x012D                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x012E                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x012F                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0130                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0131                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0132                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0133                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0134                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0135                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0136                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0137                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0138                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0139                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x013A                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x013B                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0001  0x0176                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0002  0x0201                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0002  0x0203                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0002  0x0204                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0002  0x0205                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0002  0x0206                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0002  0x0207                 Yes     No           0
Act  0x0003  0x0301  CANAL+         Yes     Yes          3
Act  0x0003  0x0302  CANAL+ CINEMA  Yes     Yes          3
Act  0x0003  0x0303  CANAL+ SPORT   Yes     Yes          3
Act  0x0003  0x0304  PLANETE        Yes     Yes          3
Act  0x0003  0x0305  CANAL J        Yes     Yes          3
Act  0x0003  0x0306  TPS STAR       Yes     Yes          3
Act  0x0003  0x03F0                 No      No           0
Act  0x0003  0x03F1                 No      No           0
Oth  0x0004  0x0401                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0004  0x0402                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0004  0x0403                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0004  0x0404                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0004  0x0405                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0004  0x0406                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0006  0x0601                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0006  0x0602                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0006  0x0603                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0006  0x0604                 Yes     No           0
Oth  0x0006  0x0606                 Yes     No           0

5.2.17. Analyzing audio and video attributes

This example illustrates how to display the audio and video attributes from a captured transport stream file.

$ tsp -I file cap.ts -P pes -a -v -O drop
* PID 0x0083, stream_id 0xC0 (Audio 0), audio attributes:
  Audio layer II, 160 kb/s, sampled at 48,000 Hz, stereo
* PID 0x014A, stream_id 0xC0 (Audio 0), audio attributes:
  Audio layer II, 192 kb/s, sampled at 48,000 Hz, stereo
* PID 0x0085, stream_id 0xC0 (Audio 0), audio attributes:
  Audio layer II, 64 kb/s, sampled at 48,000 Hz, single channel
* PID 0x0082, stream_id 0xC0 (Audio 0), audio attributes:
  Audio layer II, 192 kb/s, sampled at 48,000 Hz, stereo
* PID 0x0276, stream_id 0xC0 (Audio 0), audio attributes:
  Audio layer II, 192 kb/s, sampled at 48,000 Hz, stereo
* PID 0x01AE, stream_id 0xC0 (Audio 0), audio attributes:
  Audio layer II, 256 kb/s, sampled at 48,000 Hz, stereo
* PID 0x00E6, stream_id 0xC0 (Audio 0), audio attributes:
  Audio layer II, 256 kb/s, sampled at 48,000 Hz, stereo
* PID 0x0078, stream_id 0xE0 (Video 0), video attributes:
  720x576i, 25 Hz, 16/9, 4:2:0
  Maximum bitrate: 15,000,000 b/s, VBV buffer size: 1,835,008 bits
* PID 0x01A4, stream_id 0xE0 (Video 0), AVC video attributes:
  720x576, AVC main profile (77), level 30
* PID 0x00DC, stream_id 0xE0 (Video 0), video attributes:
  720x576i, 25 Hz, 16/9, 4:2:0
  Maximum bitrate: 15,000,000 b/s, VBV buffer size: 1,835,008 bits
* PID 0x026C, stream_id 0xE0 (Video 0), video attributes:
  720x576i, 24 Hz, 4/3, 4:2:0
  Maximum bitrate: 15,000,000 b/s, VBV buffer size: 1,835,008 bits
* PID 0x0140, stream_id 0xE0 (Video 0), AVC video attributes:
  704x576, AVC main profile (77), level 30

5.2.18. Conditional Access System scrambling and ECM functional tests

The following command receives a DVB-T live stream on UHF channel 21 and remodulates it on the same frequency using a Dektec modulator.

In the middle, the service named BFM TV is scrambled.

An external ECMG is used (host name ecmg1, on TCP port 10000).
The crypto-periods are scheduled using the default duration of 10 seconds.
A new control word is generated for each crypto-period.
The corresponding ECM’s are generated using the specified ECMG (Super_CAS_Id and access criteria specified by options -s and -a) and inserted in the TS.
The PMT of the service is modified to include a CA_descriptor. The private part of this descriptor is specified using option -p.

$ tsp -I dvb -u 21 \
      -P scrambler bfmtv \
         -e ecmg1:10000 \
         -s 0x4ADC0001 \
         -a 6B0A010100000000000000006B0A0102000000000000000061050000005000660400000002 \
         -p FE \
      -O dektec -u 21 --conv 2/3 --guard 1/32

5.2.19. Complete Conditional Access System test bed

The following command implements a complete Conditional Access System test bed in one single tsp process. It emulates all functions of a MUX system for testing a CAS.

The command uses the French DVB-T network, but it can be easily adapted to any environment.

Figure 6. Conditional Access System sample test bed

The command transforms the R2 MUX into a new R9 MUX with new services (actually renamed services from R2) and outputs the resulting TS to a modulator on a different UHF channel. In the meantime, the service named "Gulli Test" is scrambled using an external ECMG and EMM injection is allowed from an external EMMG.

The modulated output stream can be used alone (direct connection to a set-top box) or mixed with the public antenna signals using a UHF coupler.

For the sake of clarity of this example, all significant parameters are first assigned into environment variables, then the tsp command references these variables.

# Transmission parameters:
UHF_INPUT=21
UHF_OUTPUT=60

# EMM parameters
MUX_SERVER_PORT=32000
CAS_ID=0x4ADC
EMM_PID=0x01F0
EMM_MAX_BITRATE=50000
CAT_CADESC_PRIVATE=FF0001

# ECM parameters
ECMG=ecmg1:10000
SUPER_CAS_ID=0x4ADC0001
ECM_PID=0x01F1
ECM_BITRATE=30000
PMT_CADESC_PRIVATE=FE
AC=6B0A010100000000000000006B0A0102000000000000000061050000005000660400000002

# One single command implementing the CAS test bed:
tsp -v \
    -I dvb -u $UHF_INPUT \
    -P tsrename -t 9 -a \
    -P svrename direct8  -i 0x0901 -l 41 -n "Direct 8 Test" \
    -P svrename bfmtv    -i 0x0903 -l 42 -n "BFM TV Test" \
    -P svrename 'i>tele' -i 0x0904 -l 43 -n "i>TELE Test" \
    -P svrename virgin17 -i 0x0905 -l 44 -n "Virgin 17 Test" \
    -P svrename gulli    -i 0x0906 -l 45 -n "Gulli Test" \
    -P svrename france4  -i 0x0907 -l 46 -n "France 4 Test" \
    -P svrename 0x02FF   -i 0x09FF \
    -P scrambler GulliTest -e $ECMG -s $SUPER_CAS_ID -p $PMT_CADESC_PRIVATE \
                 -a $AC -b $ECM_BITRATE --pid $ECM_PID \
    -P cat -c -a $CAS_ID/$EMM_PID/$CAT_CADESC_PRIVATE \
    -P datainject -r -s $MUX_SERVER_PORT -b $EMM_MAX_BITRATE -p $EMM_PID \
    -O dektec --uhf $UHF_OUTPUT --convolution 2/3 --guard 1/32

5.2.20. Emulation of a Conditional Access head-end

This example is a variant of the previous one. Instead of using a real ECMG from a real Conditional Access System, we use the command tsecmg.

The utility tsecmg implements the DVB SimulCrypt ECMG⇔SCS protocol and behaves like a real ECMG. All ECM generation requests are accepted but, instead of generating robust ciphered proprietary ECM’s, tsecmg returns pseudo ECM’s which contain the control words and the access criteria in the clear.

The utility tsecmg can be used anywhere a DVB SimulCrypt ECMG can be used. Consequently, it can be used from any real MUX or from the tsp plugin scrambler. Used from a real MUX, tsecmg becomes a useful debugging tool. All ECMG⇔SCS messages are displayed (using option --verbose). The returned ECM’s are inserted in the stream like any real ECM. Since these ECM’s contain the access criteria in the clear, this is also a useful debug tool for the EIS or ACG or both.

Important: Note that the control words are also inserted in the clear. It is consequently obvious that tsecmg shall never be used on a production system, alone or in addition to any real operational CAS. This is a debug tool, nothing more.

The tsp plugin descrambler is normally a static descrambler using fixed control words. But, to facilitate the prototyping of end-to-end systems, the plugin descrambler can also recognize the clear ECM’s which are generated by tsecmg and use their control words to descramble the stream.

Thus, it is easy to build a complete end-to-end Conditional Access System using TSDuck components only. This kind of configuration is mainly useless in itself (except maybe as a tutorial for DVB SimulCrypt). But because all components are replaceable, this can become a very useful integration framework.

First, start with a complete configuration using TSDuck components only. Verify that the system works as expected. Then, replace the TSDuck components one by one with the real components which shall be tested.

Sample configurations:

Testing a MUX: Replace the plugin scrambler with the real MUX. Use tsecmg to generate ECM’s. Use the plugin analyze to analyze the output of the MUX. Use the plugin descrambler to verify the insertion and synchronization of ECM’s.
Testing a CAS: Replace tsecmg with the real ECMG. Replace the plugin descrambler with a real set-top box. Use plugin scrambler to make the link between to two end-points of the CAS (ECMG and STB).

Let’s have a look at a real demo.

First, run the utility tsecmg. Without option, it simply creates a TCP server on port 2222. The option --verbose (or simply -v) is useful to dump all protocol exchanges.

$ tsecmg -v
* TCP server listening on 0.0.0.0:2222, using ECMG <=> SCS protocol version 2

Then, the following command performs a complete end-to-end CAS demo in one single process, using a live satellite stream as input:

$ tsp -v \
      -I dvb --freq 12,012,000,000 --symbol 29,700,000 --fec 5/6 --polarity vertical \
             --delivery DVB-S2 --modulation QPSK \
      -P scrambler cnews --ecmg localhost:2222 --super-cas-id 0xDEADBEEF \
             --access-criteria 0123456789 \
      -P analyze --interval 30 -o cas_scrambled.txt \
      -P descrambler cnews \
      -P analyze --interval 30 -o cas_descrambled.txt \
      -P zap cnews \
      -O play

The first plugin receives a live transport stream from a DVB-S2 satellite. In this TS, there is a clear service named "CNEWS". We are going to use this clear channel as a test.

The next plugin scrambles the service using our instance of tsecmg on the same system. The Super CAS Id is here a fake value (tsecmg, unlike a real ECMG, accepts to serve any Super CAS Id). The access criteria are also fake values.

The next plugin permanently analyzes the stream at this point in the chain and produces a report every 30 seconds in a text file named cas_scrambled.txt. Looking at this text file, we can see that the service "CNEWS" is now scrambled and there is an ECM stream in its PMT with CA_system_id 0xDEAD (the MSB part of the Super CAS Id). The bitrate of the ECM stream is reported as 30 kb/s, the default ECM bitrate for the plugin scrambler.

The next plugin is a descrambler. Only the service name is required. The plugin automatically locates the ECM stream in the PMT (there is only one here), collects the ECM’s and uses the clear control words from these fake ECM’s to descramble the stream.

The next plugin performs the same periodic analysis as the previous one. This time, the report demonstrates that the service "CNEWS" is back in the clear.

Finally, the plugin zap extracts the service "CNEWS" and the output plugin play sends the output to a media player (VLC by default).

We can see that the service is in the clear and plays correctly. If we restart the command without the plugin descrambler, the player stays with a black screen because the service stays scrambled.

If we are interested in the DVB SimulCrypt ECMG⇔SCS protocol, the option --verbose of tsecmg displays all exchanges, as listed below. This can be useful to debug an ECMG⇔SCS integration.

* 127.0.0.1:1302: 2018/04/10 23:11:58: session started
* 127.0.0.1:1302: 2018/04/10 23:11:58: received message:
    channel_setup (ECMG<=>SCS)
    protocol_version = 0x02
    message_type = 0x0001
    ECM_channel_id = 0x0001
    Super_CAS_id = 0xDEADBEEF

* 127.0.0.1:1302: 2018/04/10 23:11:58: sending message:
    channel_status (ECMG<=>SCS)
    protocol_version = 0x02
    message_type = 0x0003
    ECM_channel_id = 0x0001
    section_TSpkt_flag = 1
    AC_delay_start = 200
    AC_delay_stop = 200
    delay_start = 200
    delay_stop = 200
    transition_delay_start = -500
    transition_delay_stop = 0
    ECM_rep_period = 100
    max_streams = 0
    min_CP_duration = 10
    lead_CW = 1
    CW_per_msg = 2
    max_comp_time = 100

* 127.0.0.1:1302: 2018/04/10 23:11:58: received message:
    stream_setup (ECMG<=>SCS)
    protocol_version = 0x02
    message_type = 0x0101
    ECM_channel_id = 0x0001
    ECM_stream_id = 0x0001
    ECM_id = 0x0001
    nominal_CP_duration = 100

* 127.0.0.1:1302: 2018/04/10 23:11:58: sending message:
    stream_status (ECMG<=>SCS)
    protocol_version = 0x02
    message_type = 0x0103
    ECM_channel_id = 0x0001
    ECM_stream_id = 0x0001
    ECM_id = 0x0001
    access_criteria_transfer_mode = 0

* 127.0.0.1:1302: 2018/04/10 23:11:58: received message:
    CW_provision (ECMG<=>SCS)
    protocol_version = 0x02
    message_type = 0x0201
    ECM_channel_id = 0x0001
    ECM_stream_id = 0x0001
    CP_number = 0
    CP_duration = 100
    access_criteria (5 bytes) =
        01 23 45 67 89
    CP = 0
    CW (8 bytes) = 26 E9 2C D9 C8 96 06 B2
    CP = 1
    CW (8 bytes) = 8B 37 0B 94 69 64 93 CE

* 127.0.0.1:1302: 2018/04/10 23:11:58: sending message:
    ECM_response (ECMG<=>SCS)
    protocol_version = 0x02
    message_type = 0x0202
    ECM_channel_id = 0x0001
    ECM_stream_id = 0x0001
    CP_number = 0
    ECM_datagram (188 bytes) =
        47 5F FF 10 00 80 70 26 80 AA 03 00 21 00 10 00 08 26 E9 2C D9 C8
        96 06 B2 00 11 00 08 8B 37 0B 94 69 64 93 CE 00 12 00 05 01 23 45
        67 89 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
        FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
        FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
        FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
        FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
        FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
        FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF

The returned ECM is a TS packet containing a section with table_id 0x80 (an ECM). The payload of the ECM is a TLV structure following the same syntax as DVB SimulCrypt protocols. The command and parameter tags are private to TSDuck and documented in its development documentation (Doxygen-generated, available online).

To create a more realistic environment, we can split the big command into two parts, a "head-end part" which can be replaced by a real MUX and a "set-top box part" which can be replaced by a real set-top box. The communication between the two parts can be done using a modulator-tuner pair, an ASI link or UDP/IP. All these interconnections are supported by TSDuck and can be driven directly from tsp.

Let’s have a look at the head-end emulation command, using an UDP/IP output link:

$ tsp -v \
      -I dvb --freq 12,012,000,000 --symbol 29,700,000 --fec 5/6 --polarity vertical \
             --delivery DVB-S2 --modulation QPSK \
      -P scrambler cnews --ecmg localhost:2222 --super-cas-id 0xDEADBEEF \
             --access-criteria 0123456789 --atis-idsa \
      -P zap cnews \
      -O ip 224.10.11.12:9999

The output is a multicast address.

Also note that we used the option --atis-idsa in the plugin scrambler. This means that we use the ATIS IIF Default Scrambling Algorithm (IDSA) instead of the default DVB Common Scrambling Algorithm (CSA2). ATIS being based on AES-128, we can see in the ECMG⇔SCS exchanges that the control words are now 16-byte long. There is no particular reason to use ATIS in this demo (except that ATIS is typically used in IP-TV while DVB-CSA2 is mainly used in broadcast).

The set-top box emulation command is simply:

$ tsp -v \
      -I ip 224.10.11.12:9999 \
      -P descrambler cnews \
      -O play

Note that we do not need to specify --atis-idsa in the plugin descrambler. During the scrambling, the plugin scrambler has inserted a scrambling_descriptor in the PMT of the service to indicate the non-default scrambling type. This descriptor is automatically recognized by the plugin descrambler and the right descrambling algorithm is used, just like any properly integrated set-top box would do.

5.2.21. Multi-Protocol Encapsulation (MPE)

These examples describe a test bed or demo infrastructure for MPE injection and MPE extraction. See [ETSI-301-192] for more details on MPE.

5.2.21.1. MPE insertion in an existing transport stream

In this example, we insert MPE in an existing transport stream. The input TS is read from a tuner, the MPE stream is inserted on the fly and the resulting TS is output on a modulator.

The network infrastructure is illustrated in the diagram below.

Figure 7. Multi-Protocol Encapsulation (MPE) sample test bed

In network 1, a media server multicasts a transport stream on address 224.250.250.1, port 9000.

We want to encapsulate this UDP multicast stream in an existing transport stream using MPE. We do this using tsp. We also change the multicast destination address for the UDP stream to 230.2.3.4, port 7000, in the MPE-encapsulated datagrams. There is no particular reason for this, we just illustrate the feasibility.

The resulting transport stream with embedded MPE is then broadcast. Here, the broadcast network is a Dektec modulator, followed by another computer using a DVB tuner.

The receiving computer is connected to a second network. Another instance of tsp extracts the datagrams from the MPE stream and multicasts them on its network using the modified destination address.

Let’s review the various steps and commands in detail.

The existing transport stream is here a live satellite TS which is received on a Linux or Windows computer using a DVB tuner. The insertion of the MPE stream adds two new services. We carefully select service ids and PID’s which are not used in the existing transport stream.

A service carrying the IP/MAC Notification Table (INT).
- Service id: 700
- Service name: "Demo INT"
- PMT PID: 5000
- PID of the component carrying the INT: 5001
A service carrying the MPE stream. Such a service may carry many MPE streams. Here, we use only one.
- Service id: 701
- Service name: "Demo MPE"
- PMT PID: 5002
- PID of the component carrying the MPE stream: 5003

We need to create three tables from scratch, the PMT’s of the two new services and the INT. We create them using XML files.

PMT of the service carrying the INT (file pmt-int.xml):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<tsduck>
  <!-- See ETSI EN 301 192, section 8.3 -->
  <PMT service_id="700">
    <component elementary_PID="5001" stream_type="0x05">
      <data_broadcast_id_descriptor data_broadcast_id="0x000B"/>
    </component>
  </PMT>
</tsduck>

PMT of the service carrying the MPE stream (file pmt-mpe.xml):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<tsduck>
  <!-- See ETSI EN 301 192, section 7.2 -->
  <PMT service_id="701">
    <component elementary_PID="5003" stream_type="0x0D">
      <stream_identifier_descriptor component_tag="1"/>
      <data_broadcast_id_descriptor data_broadcast_id="0x0005"/>
    </component>
  </PMT>
</tsduck>

IP/MAC Notification Table (file int.xml):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<tsduck>
  <!-- See ETSI EN 301 192, section 8.4 -->
  <INT platform_id="0x123456">
    <IPMAC_platform_name_descriptor language_code="eng" text="Demo"/>
    <IPMAC_platform_provider_name_descriptor language_code="eng" text="TSDuck"/>
    <device>
      <target>
        <target_IP_slash_descriptor>
          <address IPv4_addr="230.2.3.4" IPv4_slash_mask="32"/>
        </target_IP_slash_descriptor>
      </target>
      <operational>
        <IPMAC_stream_location_descriptor
            network_id="1"
            original_network_id="1"
            transport_stream_id="1080"
            service_id="701"
            component_tag="1"/>
      </operational>
    </device>
  </INT>
</tsduck>

On the first system, the following command is used to insert the MPE stream:

$ tsp -I dvb --frequency ... \
      -P svremove Service1 --stuffing \
      -P pat --add-service 700/5000 --add-service 701/5002 \
      -P inject pmt-int.xml --pid 5000 --bitrate 15000 \
      -P inject int.xml --pid 5001 --bitrate 15000 \
      -P inject pmt-mpe.xml --pid 5002 --bitrate 15000 \
      -P sdt --service-id 700 --name "Demo INT" --provider "TSDuck" --type 0x0C \
      -P sdt --service-id 701 --name "Demo MPE" --provider "TSDuck" --type 0x0C \
      -P mpeinject 224.250.250.1:9000 --max-queue 512 \
                   --new-destination 230.2.3.4:7000 --pid 5003 \
      -O dektec --frequency ...

The following chain of plugins is used:

The input plugin dvb receives an existing satellite stream.
The plugin svremove removes one service from the TS and replaces it with stuffing. We are going to insert an MPE stream and we need bandwidth for it. If the existing TS does not have enough stuffing bandwidth, we need to create some. Depending on the target MPE bandwidth, we may need to remove several existing services.
The plugin pat adds the two new services in the PAT.
The three plugin inject insert the three XML tables we created, each one on its own PID.
The two plugins sdt add the descriptions of the two new services in the SDT.
The plugin mpeinject inserts the MPE stream. It receives the UDP multicast datagrams for address 224.250.250.1, port 9000. In each datagram, the destination address is modified as 230.2.3.4, port 7000. The UDP datagrams are encapsulated into MPE sections which are injected in PID 5003. The option --max-queue is a tuning parameter. It specifies the number of UDP datagrams which can be buffered before insertion in the MPE stream. The parameter shall be tuned according to the receiving multicast rate and bursts, and the placement of stuffing packets in the exiting TS. We need to tune it when we get "UDP overflow" messages.
Finally, the plugin dektec sends the resulting TS on a modulator.

On the second system, the following command is used to extract the MPE stream and to re-multicast it on the network 2:

$ tsp -I dvb --frequency ... -P mpe --udp-forward -O drop

Here, the command is simple since we assume that there is only one MPE stream in the TS and it is properly signaled in the PSI/SI. If there are several MPE streams in the TS, more options are required in the plugin mpe.

The option --udp-forward specifies that the UDP datagrams shall be forwarded on the local network. Note that when the UDP packets are multicast and the system running tsp has several network interfaces, it may be necessary to specify the --local-address option to select through which local interface the multicast packets shall be sent.

We may want to use tsanalyze on the intermediate transport stream. The two services we created are described as follow:

|=============================================================================|
|  Service: 0x02BC (700), TS: 0x0438 (1080), Original Netw: 0x0001 (1)        |
|  Service name: Demo INT, provider: TSDuck                                   |
|  Service type: 0x0C (Data broadcast service)                                |
|  TS packets: 600, PID's: 2 (clear: 2, scrambled: 0)                         |
|  PMT PID: 0x1388 (5000), PCR PID: None                                      |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|     PID  Usage                                     Access          Bitrate  |
|   Total  Data broadcast service ....................... C       29,938 b/s  |
|  0x1388  PMT .......................................... C       14,969 b/s  |
|  0x1389  MPEG-2 Private sections (INT, IP/MAC Notifica  C       14,969 b/s  |
|          (C=Clear, S=Scrambled, +=Shared)                                   |
|=============================================================================|
|  Service: 0x02BD (701), TS: 0x0438 (1080), Original Netw: 0x0001 (1)        |
|  Service name: Demo MPE, provider: TSDuck                                   |
|  Service type: 0x0C (Data broadcast service)                                |
|  TS packets: 154,507, PID's: 2 (clear: 2, scrambled: 0)                     |
|  PMT PID: 0x138A (5002), PCR PID: None                                      |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|     PID  Usage                                     Access          Bitrate  |
|   Total  Data broadcast service ....................... C    7,709,471 b/s  |
|  0x138A  PMT .......................................... C       14,969 b/s  |
|  0x138B  DSM-CC Sections (MPE) ........................ C    7,694,502 b/s  |
|          (C=Clear, S=Scrambled, +=Shared)                                   |
|=============================================================================|

5.2.21.2. Creating a transport stream from scratch

This example is a variant of the previous one. This time, we do not have access to an existing transport stream. Instead, a new transport stream is created from scratch by TSDuck and MPE is inserted on the fly. The resulting stream is a SPTS (single program transport stream) which is output on UDP/IP. This UDP/IP stream is then typically collected by a MUX for insertion in a MPTS (multiple programs transport stream).

The generated TS is not really a SPTS because it contains two services, one for the INT and one for the MPE sections. This is how MPE is structured. But, logically, the two services serve a common function: an MPE stream. So, by extension, we will call it a SPTS.

Creating a TS from scratch using TSDuck is usually done using the input plugin null, a plugin which generates an endless stream of null packets. Then, all tables and elementary streams are inserted using appropriate plugins. Remember that inserting packets means replacing null packets.

The TS will contain the same two services which were created in the previous example. We already have XML files for their PMT. To create a minimal TS, we also need a PAT and an SDT. For the sake of consistency, we reuse the same PID’s as the previous example.

PAT of the new TS (file pat.xml):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<tsduck>
  <PAT transport_stream_id="1">
    <service service_id="700" program_map_PID="5000"/>
    <service service_id="701" program_map_PID="5002"/>
  </PAT>
</tsduck>

SDT of the new TS (file sdt.xml):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<tsduck>
  <SDT transport_stream_id="1" original_network_id="1">
    <service service_id="700" running_status="running">
      <service_descriptor service_type="0x0C"
                          service_name="MPE Demo (INT)"
                          service_provider_name="TSDuck"/>
    </service>
    <service service_id="701" running_status="running">
      <service_descriptor service_type="0x0C"
                          service_name="MPE Demo"
                          service_provider_name="TSDuck"/>
    </service>
  </SDT>
</tsduck>

The tsp command which generates the TS and inserts MPE is the following:

$ tsp --verbose --bitrate 30,000,000 --max-flushed-packets 70 \
      -I null \
      -P regulate --packet-burst 14 \
      -P inject pat.xml --pid 0 --bitrate 15000 \
      -P inject sdt.xml --pid 17 --bitrate 15000 \
      -P inject pmt-int.xml --pid 5000 --bitrate 15000 \
      -P inject int.xml --pid 5001 --bitrate 15000 \
      -P inject pmt-mpe.xml --pid 5002 --bitrate 15000 \
      -P mpeinject 230.2.3.4:4000 --pid 5003 --max-queue 512 \
      -O ip 230.5.6.7:4500 --packet-burst 7 --enforce-burst

The following chain of plugins is used:

The input plugin null generates null packets.
The plugin regulate slows down the playout speed at the target TS bitrate. Unlike the previous example where the playout speed was naturally regulated at the input speed of the tuner, here the input plugin generates null packets at full speed (CPU-bound). Note that the bitrate is specified here at tsp level and is propagated to all plugins. We have chosen an arbitrary value of 30 Mb/s.
The subsequent plugins are similar to the previous example, except that the PAT and SDT are inserted from XML file because they did not exist in the input TS.
The output plugin ip sends the resulting SPTS to multicast IP address 230.5.6.7, port 4500.

5.2.21.3. Creating a transport stream from scratch with PCR

Most the time, the command in the previous example will do the job. The generated SPTS is perfectly valid and can be multiplexed in a MPTS when necessary.

However, this SPTS contains only section data (basic signalization, INT and DSM-CC sections for MPE). It does not contain any clock reference. There is no PCR. Usually, this is not a problem since there is no need for a clock in the absence of video or audio streams. However, some MUX or monitoring equipment may generate errors in the absence of PCR.

Additionally, on the receiving side, TSDuck will not be able to determine the bitrate of this MPTS (not important in practice, but annoying for us).

Let’s see how to modify the previous tsp command to generate a valid PCR stream.

We will create a dedicated PCR PID and attach it to the service carrying the MPE stream. We need to modify the XML file for its PMT to reference the new PCR PID.

PMT of the service carrying the MPE stream (file pmt-mpe-with-pcr.xml) with and add PCR_PID attribute:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<tsduck>
  <!-- See ETSI EN 301 192, section 7.2 -->
  <PMT service_id="701" PCR_PID="5004">
    <component elementary_PID="5003" stream_type="0x0D">
      <stream_identifier_descriptor component_tag="1"/>
      <data_broadcast_id_descriptor data_broadcast_id="0x0005"/>
    </component>
  </PMT>
</tsduck>

The new tsp command is the following:

BITRATE=30000000
PCR_PER_SEC=5
PCR_DISTANCE=$(( $BITRATE / $(( $PCR_PER_SEC * 188 * 8 )) ))
PCR_PID=5004

tsp --verbose --bitrate $BITRATE --max-flushed-packets 70 \
    -I null \
    -P regulate --packet-burst 14 \
    -P filter --every $PCR_DISTANCE --set-label 1 \
    -P craft --only-label 1 --pid $PCR_PID --no-payload --pcr 0 \
    -P continuity --pid $PCR_PID --fix \
    -P pcradjust --pid $PCR_PID \
    -P inject pat.xml --pid 0 --bitrate 15000 \
    -P inject sdt.xml --pid 17 --bitrate 15000 \
    -P inject pmt-int.xml --pid 5000 --bitrate 15000 \
    -P inject int.xml --pid 5001 --bitrate 15000 \
    -P inject pmt-mpe-with-pcr.xml --pid 5002 --bitrate 15000 \
    -P mpeinject 230.2.3.4:4000 --pid 5003 --max-queue 512 \
    -O ip 230.5.6.7:4500 --packet-burst 7 --enforce-burst

Note the initial shell variables. We decide that the number of PCR’s per second shall be 5 (PCR_PER_SEC). From the bitrate (30 Mb/s, now in variable BITRATE), we compute the interval between two PCR packets (PCR_DISTANCE). This is the number of TS packets between two packets containing a PCR.

To generate a PCR PID in the TS, the following chain of plugins was added:

The plugin filter selects one packet every PCR_DISTANCE packets. The selected packets will become the PCR packets. Note that we use the option --set-label 1 which means that the selected packets are flagged with label 1. No modification is applied to the TS, only flagging some packets.
The plugin craft is applied only on the previously selected packets (option --only-label 1). The plugin craft performs low-level modifications on the packets. Here, we modify the PID value, we remove the payload and we insert a PCR (with value zero for now).
The plugin continuity fixes the continuity counters on the PCR PID.
The plugin pcradjust fixes the PCR values based on the bitrate.

We now have a valid PCR PID in the MPE service. Let’s see how tsanalyze evaluates the generated SPTS:

===============================================================================
|  TRANSPORT STREAM ANALYSIS REPORT                                           |
|=============================================================================|
|  Transport Stream Id: .......... 1 (0x0001)  |  Services: .............. 2  |
|  Bytes: ....................... 112,355,004  |  PID's: Total: .......... 8  |
|  TS packets: ...................... 597,633  |         Clear: .......... 8  |
|     With invalid sync: .................. 0  |         Scrambled: ...... 0  |
|     With transport error: ............... 0  |         With PCR's: ..... 1  |
|     Suspect and ignored: ................ 0  |         Unreferenced: ... 0  |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|  Transport stream bitrate, based on ....... 188 bytes/pkt    204 bytes/pkt  |
|  User-specified: ......................... 29,996,462 b/s   32,549,352 b/s  |
|  Estimated based on PCR's: ............... 29,934,196 b/s   32,481,787 b/s  |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|  Broadcast time: ................................... 29 sec (0 min 29 sec)  |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|  Srv Id  Service Name                              Access          Bitrate  |
|  0x02BC  MPE Demo (INT) ............................... C       30,115 b/s  |
|  0x02BD  MPE Demo ..................................... C    6,638,107 b/s  |
|                                                                             |
|  Note 1: C=Clear, S=Scrambled                                               |
|  Note 2: Unless specified otherwise, bitrates are based on 188 bytes/pkt    |
===============================================================================


===============================================================================
|  SERVICES ANALYSIS REPORT                                                   |
|=============================================================================|
|  Global PID's                                                               |
|  TS packets: 464,779, PID's: 3 (clear: 3, scrambled: 0)                     |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|     PID  Usage                                     Access          Bitrate  |
|   Total  Global PID's ................................. C   23,328,239 b/s  |
|   Subt.  Global PSI/SI PID's (0x00-0x1F) .............. C       30,115 b/s  |
|  0x0000  PAT .......................................... C       15,057 b/s  |
|  0x0011  SDT/BAT ...................................... C       15,057 b/s  |
|  0x1FFF  Stuffing ..................................... C   23,298,123 b/s  |
|=============================================================================|
|  Service: 0x02BC (700), TS: 0x0001 (1), Original Netw: 0x0001 (1)           |
|  Service name: MPE Demo (INT), provider: TSDuck                             |
|  Service type: 0x0C (Data broadcast service)                                |
|  TS packets: 600, PID's: 2 (clear: 2, scrambled: 0)                         |
|  PMT PID: 0x1388 (5000), PCR PID: None                                      |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|     PID  Usage                                     Access          Bitrate  |
|   Total  Data broadcast service ....................... C       30,115 b/s  |
|  0x1388  PMT .......................................... C       15,057 b/s  |
|  0x1389  MPEG-2 Private sections (INT) ................ C       15,057 b/s  |
|          (C=Clear, S=Scrambled, +=Shared)                                   |
|=============================================================================|
|  Service: 0x02BD (701), TS: 0x0001 (1), Original Netw: 0x0001 (1)           |
|  Service name: MPE Demo, provider: TSDuck                                   |
|  Service type: 0x0C (Data broadcast service)                                |
|  TS packets: 132,254, PID's: 3 (clear: 3, scrambled: 0)                     |
|  PMT PID: 0x138A (5002), PCR PID: 0x138C (5004)                             |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|     PID  Usage                                     Access          Bitrate  |
|   Total  Data broadcast service ....................... C    6,638,107 b/s  |
|  0x138A  PMT .......................................... C       15,057 b/s  |
|  0x138B  DSM-CC Sections (MPE) ........................ C    6,615,571 b/s  |
|  0x138C  PCR (not otherwise referenced) ............... C        7,478 b/s  |
|          (C=Clear, S=Scrambled, +=Shared)                                   |
===============================================================================

5.2.22. DVB-T2 Modulator Interface (T2-MI)

A DVB T2-MI stream is encapsulated into one PID of a TS. A DVB-T2 stream may contain several Physical Layer Pipes (PLP). Each PLP contains a complete TS. The plugin t2mi is designed to extract the TS from a PLP of a T2-MI stream.

With a fully DVB-compliant signalization, the PID carrying T2-MI is signaled in the PMT of its service using a T2-MI descriptor.

Sample PMT using tstables:

* PMT, TID 2 (0x02), PID 33 (0x0021)
  Version: 11, sections: 1, total size: 27 bytes
  - Section 0:
    Program: 800 (0x0320), PCR PID: none
    Elementary stream: type 0x06 (MPEG-2 PES private data), PID: 64 (0x0040)
    - Descriptor 0: Extension Descriptor (0x7F, 127), 4 bytes
      Extended descriptor: T2MI (0x11, 17)
      T2-MI stream id: 0, T2-MI stream count: 1, PCR/ISCR common clock: no

Excerpt from tsanalyze for the service containing the T2-MI stream:

|=============================================================================|
|  Service: 0x0320 (800), TS: 0x03A2 (930), Original Netw: 0x0000 (0)         |
|  Service name: (T2-MI), provider: (unknown)                                 |
|  Service type: 0x00 (unknown)                                               |
|  TS packets: 145,024, PID's: 2 (clear: 2, scrambled: 0)                     |
|  PMT PID: 0x0021 (33), PCR PID: None                                        |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|     PID  Usage                                     Access          Bitrate  |
|   Total  unknown (0x00) ............................... C          Unknown  |
|  0x0021  PMT .......................................... C          Unknown  |
|  0x0040  T2-MI (PLP: 0x66 (102)) ...................... C          Unknown  |
|          (C=Clear, S=Scrambled, +=Shared)                                   |
|=============================================================================|

The option --identify of the plugin t2mi lists the same information. With this option, the plugin does not modify the stream, it only identify T2-MI PID’s and PLP’s.

$ tsp -I dvb ... -P t2mi --identify -O drop
* t2mi: found T2-MI PID 0x0040 (64)
* t2mi: PID 0x0040 (64), found PLP 102
^C
* tsp: user interrupt, terminating...
* t2mi: summary: found 1 PID's with T2-MI
* t2mi: PID 0x0040 (64): PLP 102
$

But since T2-MI streams are received by designated professional equipment, many operators do not setup the required signalization and it is necessary to guess which PID in which service may carry T2-MI.

Example service which is a good candidate for T2-MI:

|=============================================================================|
|  Service: 0x0320 (800), TS: 0x03A2 (930), Original Netw: 0x0000 (0)         |
|  Service name: (unknown), provider: (unknown)                               |
|  Service type: 0x00 (unknown)                                               |
|  TS packets: 27,805,661, PID's: 2 (clear: 2, scrambled: 0)                  |
|  PMT PID: 0x0100 (256), PCR PID: None                                       |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|     PID  Usage                                     Access          Bitrate  |
|   Total  unknown (0x00) ............................... C          Unknown  |
|  0x0100  PMT .......................................... C          Unknown  |
|  0x1000  MPEG-2 PES private data ...................... C          Unknown  |
|          (C=Clear, S=Scrambled, +=Shared)                                   |
|=============================================================================|

In this example, the TS contains only one service. This service contains only one component and it carries private sections. Since there is no video PID, there is no PCR and tsanalyze is not able to compute bitrates. If we know, from other sources, that the TS contains T2-MI, it must be there. In this case, we need to explicitly provide the PID number to the plugin t2mi:

$ tsp -I dvb ... -P t2mi --pid 0x1000 --identify -O drop
* t2mi: PID 0x1000 (4096), found PLP 0
* t2mi: PID 0x1000 (4096), found PLP 2
* t2mi: PID 0x1000 (4096), found PLP 1
^C
* tsp: user interrupt, terminating...
* t2mi: summary: found 1 PID's with T2-MI
* t2mi: PID 0x1000 (4096): PLP 0, 1, 2
$

If we want to redistribute on a local DVB network one of these PLP’s, the command is the following:

$ tsp -I dvb ... -P t2mi --pid 0x1000 --plp 1 -O dektec ...

Without the option --identify, the plugin t2mi extracts the TS from the specified PLP and completely replaces the TS with the extracted one. The output of the plugin is the extracted TS, the original TS carrying T2-MI has disappeared. The final output is a Dektec modulator (or ASI board) which broadcasts the extracted TS.

The plugin t2mi can extract only one PLP because this is the basic principle of tsp: end-to-end processing of one single TS. Even if one plugin produces a radical transformation such as completely replacing the TS with another one (here, the extracted PLP), there is only one TS at all points in the chain.

If we want to process all PLP’s at the same time, we must re-route the original TS in parallel instances of tsp using the plugin fork. Each instance of tsp extracts one PLP.

This is illustrated by the following command:

$ tsp -I dvb ... \
      -P until --seconds 30 \
      -P fork 'tsp -P t2mi --pid 0x1000 --plp 0 -P analyze -o plp0.txt -O drop' \
      -P fork 'tsp -P t2mi --pid 0x1000 --plp 1 -P analyze -o plp1.txt -O drop' \
      -P fork 'tsp -P t2mi --pid 0x1000 --plp 2 -P analyze -o plp2.txt -O drop' \
      -P analyze -o main.txt
      -O drop

This command analyzes the enclosing stream and the three different PLP’s in parallel during 30 seconds. Each plugin fork creates a process and passes the complete TS to this process. Each created process runs another instance of tsp which extracts one PLP. Note that the default input plugin of tsp is the plugin file which, by default, reads the standard input.

5.2.23. Merging transport streams

The plugin merge can be used to merge a transport stream into another one. The service references are correctly merged into the final transport stream.

Let’s illustrate this using two live transport streams from satellite Astra 19.2 E. We use one transport stream as base. We remove one service from this stream and we replace it with another live service coming from another transport stream.

We use the transport stream with id 1028 as base. Using the plugin dvb, the tuning options are:

--frequency 11,626,500,000 --symbol 22,000,000 --fec 5/6 --polarity vertical --delivery DVB-S

To simplify the command lines, we save these options, one per line, in a text file named ts1028.txt to be used by partial command line redirection (see section 3.1.5).

The structure of this transport stream can be seen using the plugin analyze. Here is the list of services from the analyze output:

|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|  Srv Id  Service Name                              Access          Bitrate  |
|  0x1131  TVE INTERNACIONAL EUROPA ..................... C    3,572,410 b/s  |
|  0x1132  CANAL 24 HORAS ............................... C    3,423,043 b/s  |
|  0x113B  RNE RADIO 1 .................................. C      140,998 b/s  |
|  0x113C  RNE RADIO 3 .................................. C      278,941 b/s  |
|  0x113D  RNE RADIO 4 .................................. C      141,045 b/s  |
|  0x113E  RNE RADIO 5 TODO NOTICIAS .................... C      141,092 b/s  |
|  0x113F  RNE RADIO CLASICA ............................ C      347,819 b/s  |
|  0x1140  RNE RADIO EXTERIOR DE ESPAÑA ................. C      141,139 b/s  |
|  0x1146  CNN Int. ..................................... C    4,008,806 b/s  |
|  0x114E  DW (English) ................................. C    3,488,065 b/s  |
|  0x1158  Al Jazeera English ........................... C    3,803,631 b/s  |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|

We use the transport stream with id 1022 to extract a service and inject it into the previous transport stream. The dvb tuning options are:

--frequency 11,538,000,000 --symbol 22,000,000 --fec 5/6 --polarity vertical --delivery DVB-S

Again, we save them, one by line, in a text file named ts1022.txt.

The list of services from transport stream 1022 is shown below. Note that we use transport streams with clear channels only to be able to watch the result.

|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|  Srv Id  Service Name                              Access          Bitrate  |
|  0x1AF4  DATASYSTEM ................................... C       44,884 b/s  |
|  0x1AF8  Russia Today ................................. C    4,038,071 b/s  |
|  0x1AF9  France 24 (en Français) ...................... C    2,703,659 b/s  |
|  0x1AFA  France 24 (in English) ....................... C    2,700,842 b/s  |
|  0x1AFE  France 24 (in Arabic) ........................ C    2,465,576 b/s  |
|  0x1B00  CGTN Documentary ............................. C    2,504,263 b/s  |
|  0x1B01  CGTN F ....................................... C    2,247,071 b/s  |
|  0x1B02  CGTN ......................................... C    2,443,463 b/s  |
|  0x1B03  TV5MONDE EUROPE .............................. C    3,619,747 b/s  |
|  0x1B06  TRT World HD ................................. C    5,984,240 b/s  |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|

We assume that we have two satellite tuners in the system. Adapter 0 will be used to receive TS 1022 and adapter 1 will be used to receive TS 1028.

We also have a Dektec modulator to redistribute the resulting transport stream. Again, to shorten the command line, we place all modulation options into one text file named modulation.txt.

In our example, we extract the service "TV5MONDE EUROPE" from TS 1022 and we merge it into TS 1028. To make sure that the transport stream has enough free space, we remove the service "Al Jazeera English" from TS 1028 before the merge.

In practice, on the day of this experiment, the TS 1028 had more than enough stuffing to insert one or two services without removing any other. However, in the general case, we need to make some room first. So, let’s do it anyway.

The merging command is the following:

$ tsp -I dvb -a 1 @ts1028.txt \
      -P svremove -s AlJazeeraEnglish \
      -P merge "tsp -I dvb -a 0 @ts1022.txt -P zap TV5MondeEurope" \
      -P analyze -i 30 -o merged.txt \
      -O dektec @modulation.txt

Note that the service "Al Jazeera English" is replaced by stuffing (option -s) in TS 1028.

In the created command, everything is removed from TS 1022, except service "TV5MONDE EUROPE" (the service names are not case-sensitive and spaces are ignored).

The final plugin analyze continuously analyzes the output stream and produces a report file every 30 seconds. Here is the merged list of services from this report:

|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|  Srv Id  Service Name                              Access          Bitrate  |
|  0x1131  TVE INTERNACIONAL EUROPA ..................... C    3,529,507 b/s  |
|  0x1132  CANAL 24 HORAS ............................... C    3,382,237 b/s  |
|  0x113B  RNE RADIO 1 .................................. C      139,475 b/s  |
|  0x113C  RNE RADIO 3 .................................. C      275,915 b/s  |
|  0x113D  RNE RADIO 4 .................................. C      139,425 b/s  |
|  0x113E  RNE RADIO 5 TODO NOTICIAS .................... C      139,374 b/s  |
|  0x113F  RNE RADIO CLASICA ............................ C      343,831 b/s  |
|  0x1140  RNE RADIO EXTERIOR DE ESPAÑA ................. C      139,425 b/s  |
|  0x1146  CNN Int. ..................................... C    3,963,218 b/s  |
|  0x114E  DW (English) ................................. C    3,448,180 b/s  |
|  0x1B03  TV5MONDE EUROPE .............................. C    3,566,805 b/s  |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|

We can see that the service "Al Jazeera English" has been replaced with "TV5MONDE EUROPE".

Luckily, there was no PID or service id conflict between the two transport streams. If the same service id or PID had existed in the two streams, the plugin merge would have reported an error and the component from the merged stream would have been dropped. In case of conflict, we use the plugin remap to modify PID’s or the plugin svrename to rename a service (including modifying its service id).

5.2.24. Injecting SCTE 35 cue information

SCTE 35 cue information are single-section tables which are sent in one dedicated PID in a service. These commands are used to signal video splicing points where alternate content (typically ads) can replace the original video content. The video splicing points are defined by PTS (presentation time stamp) values in the video PID of the service.

Inserting SCTE 35 cue information is consequently different from traditional signalization. Each section defines one specific splicing event. It is not cycled. It is inserted once or twice only in the PID. The traffic on this PID is very low and not regular (it depends on the occurrences of the splicing events).

The splicing points are usually defined on the fly, with the cooperation of the video encoder. The exact PTS values of the splicing points are defined in real time. It is usually impossible to define in advance the list of all splicing events in the life of a service. Moreover, inserting cue information section needs to be synchronized with the associated video PID. Typically, a splice event is signaled twice, once two seconds before the event and once one second before.

Because of this dynamics, there are two distinct use cases: real-time live streams and offline test files.

5.2.24.1. Real-time live stream

This example illustrates the insertion of cue information in a real-time live transport stream. We receive a DTTV stream from a DVB-T tuner, we insert cue information for one service, and we restream the result through a DVB-T modulator.

The transmission chain is processed by a tsp command. The generation of the cue information is externally performed by some real-time system, cooperating with the content management system and the video encoder. The format of the splice commands is defined by [SCTE-35]. Splice information sections can be provided in binary or XML format (see section 2.3).

Here is an XML example of a pair of splice commands, a splice out event, followed 20 seconds later by a splice in event. This is typically an ads replacement opportunity. Here, the sections are minimal. You may want to add break duration information or additional descriptors.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<tsduck>

  <splice_information_table>
    <splice_insert splice_event_id="100" unique_program_id="1"
                   out_of_network="true" pts_time="0x078CA4459"/>
  </splice_information_table>

  <splice_information_table>
    <splice_insert splice_event_id="100" unique_program_id="1"
                   out_of_network="false" pts_time="0x78E5BB99"/>
  </splice_information_table>

</tsduck>

The PTS timestamps are synchronized with the video PID. Moreover, these timestamp shall correspond to video splice points, i.e. frames where the binary replacement of the encoded video content is smooth. This is why splicing shall be done with the cooperation of the video encoder.

The following command performs the real-time processing.

$ tsp -I dvb -u 24 \
      -P pmt --service 1010 --add-programinfo-id 0x43554549 --add-pid 600/0x86 \
      -P spliceinject --service 1010 --files 'splice-*.xml' --udp 4444 \
      -O dektec -u 24 --convolution 2/3 --guard 1/32

The input plugin dvb reads a DVB-T live stream from UHF channel 24. At the end of the processing, the output plugin dektec sends the stream to a Dektec DVB-T modulator on the same frequency.

The transport stream contains several services. We will add cue information on service id 1010. We could process multiple services using successive instances of the plugin spliceinject in the same command.

The plugin pmt modifies the PMT of the target service on the fly. To comply with the SCTE 35 standard, we add a registration_descriptor with id 0x43554549, and we add the declaration of the PID 600 with stream type 0x86 (meaning SCTE 35 cue information).

The plugin spliceinject performs the injection. The service id is sufficient to locate the target PID: the plugin searches the service and then searches a component with stream type 0x86 in its PMT.

The splice information sections can be supplied in real time using two methods: file (binary or XML) and UDP datagrams. Here, for the sake of the example, we use both. We can also use only one. The file specification is a wildcard because different files can be provided. It is also possible to rewrite the same file. Each time a file is modified, it is reloaded. We can also receive UDP datagrams (here on port number 4444). The datagram can contain binary or XML sections.

See the reference documentation of the plugin spliceinject for more details.

5.2.24.2. Cue insertion in offline files

Sometimes, it is necessary to prepare a transport stream file for demo or test. Usually, the same tsp command can be used indifferently on live streams and offline files. For SCTE 35 cue information, this is a bit different because of the dynamics.

The plugin spliceinject processes a transport stream and, on the other hand, it asynchronously receives splice information sections. On a real time stream, the events are received slightly in advance but in a timely fashion. The plugin does not expect any section file to be present at the time the processing starts. It does not wait for the section files.

With an offline transport stream file, the processing is very fast, running at the speed of the disk storage. So, even if the splice information section files are already present, they are read asynchronously from the transport stream processing. Specifically, they can be read after the processing the target event in the stream. In that case, no section would be injected. To avoid this problem, we use the option --wait-first-batch which forces the transport stream processing to wait for at least the first batch of splice section files. Thus, if the section files are present at the time the command is run, it is guaranteed that they are loaded and injected.

Additionally, in the following example, we use a SPTS file (containing only one service). These files usually contain no stuffing. However, tsp cannot insert new packets in a transport stream. It can only replace stuffing packets. So, unlike broadcast transport streams which always contain some stuffing, nothing can be injected in such a stream. To make room for insertion, we use the tsp option --add-input-stuffing which artificially injects null packets at input level (here one null packet every 10 input packets). This artificial stuffing will be used by spliceinject to insert its sections. Note that we remove the extra unused stuffing before the output plugin using the plugin filter.

The rest of the command is similar to the previous example.

$ tsp --add-input-stuffing 1/10 \
      -I file spts.ts \
      -P pmt --service 1010 --add-programinfo-id 0x43554549 --add-pid 600/0x86 \
      -P spliceinject --service 1010 --files splice.xml --wait-first-batch \
      -P filter --negate --pid 0x1FFF \
      -O file spts-out.ts

5.2.25. Encapsulating PID’s into a private tunnel

In this example, we start from a transport stream containing two services, "CANAL+ DECALE" (id 0x2262) and "CNEWS" (id 0x226A). We want to process the first service through some external equipment (transcoder, transrater, etc.) However, this equipment can only process SPTS (single-program transport stream).

To preserve the structure of the transport stream while crossing this equipment, we use the following trick. We encapsulate the second service into one single "tunnel" PID and then we erase this service from the structure of the TS. This tunnel PID is added as a private component of the first service. Now, we have a true SPTS which can be processed by the external equipment.

The structure of the service "CNEWS" is reported as follow by tsanalyze:

|=============================================================================|
|  Service: 0x226A (8810), TS: 0x0438 (1080), Original Netw: 0x0001 (1)       |
|  Service name: CNEWS, provider: CSAT                                        |
|  Service type: 0x19 (Advanced codec HD digital television service)          |
|  TS packets: 9,298, PID's: 4 (clear: 4, scrambled: 0)                       |
|  PMT PID: 0x03E8 (1000), PCR PID: 0x03F2 (1010)                             |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|     PID  Usage                                     Access          Bitrate  |
|   Total  Advanced codec HD digital television service . C    3,983,427 b/s  |
|  0x03E8  PMT .......................................... C       14,994 b/s  |
|  0x03F2  AVC video (1920x1080, high profile, level 4.0  C    3,771,361 b/s  |
|  0x03FD  AC-3 Audio (fra, AC-3, stereo (L,R), @48,000   C      197,072 b/s  |
|  0x0413  Subtitles (fra, DVB subtitles for hard of hea  C            0 b/s  |
|          (C=Clear, S=Scrambled, +=Shared)                                   |
|=============================================================================|

The first step is performed using the following command.

$ tsp -I ... \
      -P encap -o 0x1000 -p 0x03E8 -p 0x03F2 -p 0x03FD -p 0x0413 \
      -P pat --remove-service 0x226A \
      -P sdt --remove-service 0x226A \
      -P pmt -s 0x2262 -a 0x1000/0x99 \
      -O ...

The plugin encap creates a tunnel PID 0x1000. This tunnel contains the 4 PID’s of the service "CNEWS", PMT, video, audio and subtitles. The plugins pat and sdt remove the service from the PAT and SDT, respectively. At this point, the service "CNEWS" has disappeared but the new PID 0x1000 is orphan.

To preserve this PID through the processing of the service "CANAL+ DECALE", we add it to the PMT of the service using the plugin pmt. We use the reserve stream type 0x99 for this PID to indicate some private type (any other reserved stream type should be OK).

After processing the SPTS through the external equipment (and hoping that the equipment has preserved the private components of the service), we restore the structure of the transport stream using the following command:

$ tsp -I ... \
      -P decap -p 0x1000 \
      -P pat -a 0x226A/0x03E8 \
      -P sdt -s 0x226A -n CNEWS -p CSAT \
      -P pmt -s 0x2262 -r 0x1000 \
      -O ...

The plugin decap decapsulates the content of the tunnel PID 0x1000. It is replaced by all original PID’s of the service "CNEWS". Then, we need to restore the reference to the service in the PAT and SDT using the plugins pat and sdt. Finally, since the private component 0x1000 no longer exists, we remove it from the PMT of the service "CANAL+ DECALE" using the plugin pmt.

In a real-life example, the MPTS would probably contain more than two services. In that case, we would encapsulate all other services in the private tunnel PID as well. The principle remains the same. The command is only a bit longer.

5.2.26. Interleaving input files and merging their PSI

This example command reads two input files file1.ts and file2.ts. We assume here that the two files have no conflicting allocation of service ids and no conflicting PID’s into services. Only the PSI/SI PID’s are common.

Using the option --interleave in the file input plugin, we read one packet of file1.ts, then one packet of file2.ts, then one packet of file1.ts again, and so on. So, the two input files are multiplexed one by one.

Using the option --label-base, we assign the label 1 to all packets from file1.ts and label 2 to all packets from file2.ts.

$ tsp -I file --interleave file1.ts file2.ts --label-base 1 \
      -P psimerge --main-label 1 --merge-label 2 \
      ...

The plugin psimerge uses all packets with label 1 as a main stream and all packets with label 2 as a merge stream. It merges the PSI/SI from the two streams, creating a PAT and SDT-Actual containing all services from the two streams, creating a CAT containing all EMM PID’s from the two streams. All EIT sections are multiplexed into the EIT PID.

5.2.27. Using Secure Reliable Transport (SRT) transmission

The input and output plugins srt can be used to send and receive a transport stream using the Secure Reliable Transport (SRT) protocol.

These plugins are not available everywhere, the libsrt (SRT library, see [SRT]) must be present during the compilation of TSDuck.

First example: On a system named vmfedora, a tsp command sends a stream (here, a simple file playback) using SRT. The system is the SRT listener. It waits for an incoming connection on port 12345.

$ tsp -v \
      -I file input.ts --infinite \
      -P regulate \
      -O srt --listener 12345 --transtype live --messageapi

On a receiver system, a tsp command connects to vmfedora on port 12345 and receives the stream over SRT. Here, the processing of the stream is simply an analysis during 30 seconds.

$ tsp -v \
      -I srt --caller vmfedora:12345 --transtype live --messageapi --conn-timeout 100000 \
      -P until --seconds 30 \
      -P analyze \
      -O drop

Second example with encrypted transmission: The passphrase is used to derive the encryption key. The passphrase must be 10 to 64 characters long. The option --pbkeylen selects the actual derived encryption key length. The option --min-version rejects connection with a libsrt version lower than 1.4.0 in this case.

$ tsp -v \
      -I file input.ts --infinite \
      -P regulate \
      -O srt --listener 12345 --transtype live --messageapi \
             --passphrase baguettess --pbkeylen 16 \
             --enforce-encryption --min-version 0x010400

On the receiver system:

$ tsp -v \
      -I srt --caller vmfedora:12345 --transtype live --messageapi \
             --passphrase baguettess --pbkeylen 16 \
      -P until --seconds 30 \
      -P analyze \
      -O drop

Third example using --transtype file and buffer API (equivalent to not setting --messageapi).

$ tsp -v \
      -I file input.ts --infinite \
      -P regulate \
      -O srt --listener 12345 --transtype file

On the receiver system:

$ tsp -v \
      -I srt --caller vmfedora:12345 --transtype file --conn-timeout 100000 \
      -P until --seconds 30 \
      -P analyze \
      -O drop

5.2.28. Preserving EIT’s through ffmpeg processing

TSDuck is often used in combination with ffmpeg. The former processes the system layer and the latter processes the video and audio.

However, ffmpeg removes the TS signalization, system or data PID’s. So, while ffmpeg is extremely useful to transcode video and audio, it is inconvenient to process a complete TS. In this example, we demonstrate how to process an SPTS through ffmpeg while preserving EIT’s. It can be easily adapted to preserve any other data PID.

The plugin encap encapsulates one or more PID’s into one tunnel PID. There are several encapsulation modes, include a PES mode which builds a PES stream containing the encapsulated data (see the encap reference documentation).

We use this trick to preserve EIT’s through ffmpeg.

$ tsp --add-input-stuffing 1/10 \
      -I dvb --uhf-channel 30 \
      -P zap arte --audio fra --no-subtitles --eit --stuffing \
      -P encap --pes-mode fixed --pid 0x12 --output-pid 0x900 \
      -P pmt --add-pid 0x900/0x06 --add-pid-registration 0x900/0x4B4C5641 \
      -P filter --negate --pid 0x1FFF | \
  ffmpeg -f mpegts -i - \
      -map 0:d -codec:d copy \
      -map 0:v -codec:v ... \
      -map 0:a -codec:a ... \
      -mpegts_start_pid 0x900 \
      -mpegts_transport_stream_id 0x0004 \
      -mpegts_original_network_id 0x20FA \
      -mpegts_service_id 0x0407 \
      -metadata service_name="Arte" \
      -f mpegts - | \
  tsp -P decap --pid 0x900 \
      -P pmt --remove-pid 0x900 \
      -P filter --negate --pid 0x1FFF \
      -O ...

In this example, we extract one service named "Arte" from a DVB-T transport stream on UHF channel 30.

Analysis of this command:

Initial tsp command:
- Add one null packet every 10 input packets (--add-input-stuffing 1/10) to accomodate the encapsulation overhead. In this specific example, this is useless because a broadcast TS always contain some stuffing. But it would be required if you read an IP stream without stuffing, for instance.
- Receive a DVB-T transport stream from a tuner on UHF channel 30.
- Extract the service named "Arte", using the French audio track, no subtitles and keep all EIT’s for this service.
- Encapsulate the PID 0x12 (EIT’s) in PES mode, creating a tunnel PID 0x900. Make sure that this PID number is not already used in your stream.
- Reference this PID in the PMT of the service with stream type 0x06 (PES private data) and registration type KLVA (0x4B4C5641). Thus, the encapsulated EIT’s become a data component of the service.
- Remove remaining null packets.
Intermediate ffmpeg command:
- Map the first "data" stream 0:d to output and use copy codec (ie. no transformation of the PES stream). Thus, the PES stream containing the encapsulated EIT’s will pass unmodified.
- Then, map video and audio PID’s 0:v and 0:a with their respective codecs (unspecified here, select your favorite codecs).
- Important: Be sure to map the data stream first to enforce it as first output PID. This way, you can specify exactly the first PID using the ffmpeg option -mpegts_start_pid afterwards.
- Respecify the original TS id, original network id and service id using dedicated ffmpeg options. This is important to preserve the references of the EIT’s. By default, ffmpeg would generate TS id 1 and service id 1 which would not match with the EIT’s. We also respecify the orginal service name (ffmpeg generates a dummy name by default). All these values shall be adapted according to the input stream.
Final tsp command:
- Decapsulate the tunnel PID. We have forced it in ffmpeg as PID 0x900 using -mpegts_start_pid. The PID 0x12 (EIT’s) reappears in the stream.
- Dereference the PID 0x900 from the PMT. The tunnel PID disappears after decapsulation and it is cleaner to dereference it.
- Remove spurious null packets which were created from encapsulation overhead.

5.2.29. JSON analysis of a transport stream

The option --json is used with tsanalyze or the pugin analyze to produce a JSON output. Such output can be used with many tools. In shell scripts, the open source tool jq (for "JSON Query") is extremely powerful.

Getting a JSON analysis of a transport stream from the TSDuck repository:

$ tsp -I http https://tsduck.io/streams/france-dttv/tnt-uhf30-546MHz-2019-01-22.ts \
      -P analyze --json -o ts.json \
      -O drop

First sample commands using jq to get the number of services and their names:

$ jq <ts.json -r '.services | length'
5
$ jq <ts.json -r '.services[].name'
M6
W9
Arte
France 5
6ter

Now, let’s write a shell script to display all services and a description of each of their PID’s. This illustrates the power of jq, including field selection and array lookup based on the value of a property.

JSON=ts.json
SRVCOUNT=$(jq <$JSON -r ".services | length")

for ((i=0; i<$SRVCOUNT; i++)); do
    SRVNAME=$(jq <$JSON -r ".services[$i].name")
    PIDCOUNT=$(jq <$JSON -r ".services[$i].pids | length")
    echo "Service $SRVNAME, $PIDCOUNT PID's"
    for ((p=0; p<$PIDCOUNT; p++)); do
        PID=$(jq <$JSON -r ".services[$i].pids[$p]")
        DESC=$(jq <$JSON -r ".pids[] | select(.id==$PID) | .description")
        printf "  PID 0x%04X, %s\n" "$PID" "$DESC"
    done
done

The output of this script is the following (truncated for clarity):

Service M6, 9 PID's
  PID 0x0064, PMT
  PID 0x0078, AVC video (1920x1080, high profile, level 4.0, 4:2:0)
  PID 0x0082, E-AC-3 Audio (fra, E-AC-3, 3/2 (L,C,R,SL,SR), @48,000 Hz, complete m...
  PID 0x0083, E-AC-3 Audio (qad, E-AC-3, stereo (L,R), @48,000 Hz, visually impair...
  PID 0x0084, E-AC-3 Audio (qaa, E-AC-3, stereo (L,R), @48,000 Hz, complete main, ...
  PID 0x008C, Subtitles (fra, DVB subtitles for hard of hearing, high definition)
  PID 0x008D, Subtitles (fra, DVB subtitles, high definition)
  PID 0x00AA, MPEG-2 Private sections (AIT)
  PID 0x00AB, DSM-CC U-N (HbbTV)
Service W9, 9 PID's
  PID 0x00C8, PMT
  PID 0x00DC, AVC video (1920x1080, high profile, level 4.0, 4:2:0)
  PID 0x00E6, E-AC-3 Audio (fra, E-AC-3, 3/2 (L,C,R,SL,SR), @48,000 Hz, complete m...
  PID 0x00E7, E-AC-3 Audio (qad, E-AC-3, stereo (L,R), @48,000 Hz, visually impair...
  PID 0x00E8, E-AC-3 Audio (qaa, E-AC-3, stereo (L,R), @48,000 Hz, complete main, ...
  PID 0x00F0, Subtitles (fra, DVB subtitles for hard of hearing, high definition)
  PID 0x00F1, Subtitles (fra, DVB subtitles, high definition)
  PID 0x010E, MPEG-2 Private sections (AIT)
  PID 0x010F, DSM-CC U-N (HbbTV)
Service Arte, 11 PID's
  PID 0x012C, PMT
  PID 0x0140, AVC video (1920x1080, high profile, level 4.0, 4:2:0)
  ...

5.2.30. Monitoring the bitrate of a PID

This example demonstrates how to monitor the bitrate of a PID, and raise alarms when the bitrate of that PID goes out of range or back to normal.

Here, we want to make sure that the bitrate of the PID 100 of a transport stream remains in the 1 to 2 Mb/s range. Assuming that the input is a UDP/IP stream on local UDP port 12345, the monitoring command is the following:

$ tsp --timed-log \
      -I ip 12345 \
      -P bitrate_monitor --pid 100 --min 1,000,000 --max 2,000,000 \
                         --time-interval 1 --alarm-command './alarm.sh' \
      -O drop

This command analyzes the bitrate of PID 100 by periods of 1 second. Each time the bitrate goes out of range or back to normal, the script alarm.sh is run.

The sample alarm.sh script contains:

#!/usr/bin/env bash
(
    echo -n "Date: "; date '+%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S'
    echo "Message: $1"
    echo "Target PID: $2"
    echo "Alarm state: $3"
    echo "Current bitrate: $4"
    echo "Minimum bitrate: $5"
    echo "Maximum bitrate: $6"
    echo
) >>monitor.log

This script simply accumulates the alarms in a log file. See the reference description of the bitrate_monitor plugin for a description of the six parameters which are passed to the alarm command.

To exercise the script, we run the following shell script:

for bitrate in 1,500,000 500,000 1,500,000 2,500,000 1,500,000; do
    tsp -I craft --pid 100 \
        -P regulate --bitrate $bitrate \
        -P until --seconds 10 \
        -O ip localhost:12345
done

This script simply generates a transport stream full of PID 100 packets. By sequences of 10 seconds, the stream has a bitrate of 1.5, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 1.5 Mb/s. Thus, the bitrate of the monitored PID is first in range, then too low, back in range, to high, back in range and finally zero.

The test scenario is the following:

Run the source command from one terminal.
Immediately after, run the monitoring command from another terminal.
Once the source command completes, we may interrupt the monitoring command.

The monitoring command generates warning messages each time an alarm is raised:

* 2020/12/30 15:01:17 - Warning: bitrate_monitor: PID 0x0064 (100) bitrate (964,064 bits/s) is lower than allowed minimum (1,000,000 bits/s)
* 2020/12/30 15:01:28 - Warning: bitrate_monitor: PID 0x0064 (100) bitrate (1,516,032 bits/s) is back in allowed range (1,000,000-2,000,000 bits/s)
* 2020/12/30 15:01:38 - Warning: bitrate_monitor: PID 0x0064 (100) bitrate (2,496,640 bits/s) is greater than allowed maximum (2,000,000 bits/s)
* 2020/12/30 15:01:48 - Warning: bitrate_monitor: PID 0x0064 (100) bitrate (1,491,968 bits/s) is back in allowed range (1,000,000-2,000,000 bits/s)
* 2020/12/30 15:01:58 - Warning: bitrate_monitor: PID 0x0064 (100) bitrate (0 bits/s) is lower than allowed minimum (1,000,000 bits/s)

The file monitor.log is filled with the various alarms and contains the following:

Date: 2020/12/30 15:01:17
Message: PID 0x0064 (100) bitrate (964,064 bits/s) is lower than allowed minimum (1,000,000 bits/s)
Target PID: 100
Alarm state: lower
Current bitrate: 964064
Minimum bitrate: 1000000
Maximum bitrate: 2000000

Date: 2020/12/30 15:01:28
Message: PID 0x0064 (100) bitrate (1,516,032 bits/s) is back in allowed range (1,000,000-2,000,000 bits/s)
Target PID: 100
Alarm state: normal
Current bitrate: 1516032
Minimum bitrate: 1000000
Maximum bitrate: 2000000

Date: 2020/12/30 15:01:38
Message: PID 0x0064 (100) bitrate (2,496,640 bits/s) is greater than allowed maximum (2,000,000 bits/s)
Target PID: 100
Alarm state: greater
Current bitrate: 2496640
Minimum bitrate: 1000000
Maximum bitrate: 2000000

Date: 2020/12/30 15:01:48
Message: PID 0x0064 (100) bitrate (1,491,968 bits/s) is back in allowed range (1,000,000-2,000,000 bits/s)
Target PID: 100
Alarm state: normal
Current bitrate: 1491968
Minimum bitrate: 1000000
Maximum bitrate: 2000000

Date: 2020/12/30 15:01:58
Message: PID 0x0064 (100) bitrate (0 bits/s) is lower than allowed minimum (1,000,000 bits/s)
Target PID: 100
Alarm state: lower
Current bitrate: 0
Minimum bitrate: 1000000
Maximum bitrate: 2000000

The same example can be used to monitor the global bitrate of the transport stream. Just remove the --pid option in the bitrate_monitor plugin.

6. Troubleshooting

This chapter provides some troubleshooting guidelines when encountering problems when using TSDuck.

6.1. Environment variables

The following environment variables affect the behavior of TSDuck.

Table 17. Environment variables
Variable name	Description
`APPDATA`	On Windows systems, used to locate user-specific TSDuck configuration files (see section A.1 and section B.1).
`GITHUB_API_TOKEN`	Used instead of `TSDUCK_GITHUB_API_TOKEN` when the latter is not defined.
`HOME`	On UNIX systems (Linux, macOS, BSD), used to locate user-specific TSDuck configuration files (see section A.1 and section B.1).
`HOMEBREW_GITHUB_API_TOKEN`	On macOS, used instead of `TSDUCK_GITHUB_API_TOKEN` and `GITHUB_API_TOKEN` when none of them is defined.
`http_proxy`	Define a default proxy URL for commands and plugins which access the Internet. The syntax is `http://[username[:password]@]server[:port]/`
`https_proxy`	Same as `http_proxy`.
`LD_LIBRARY_PATH`	On UNIX systems (Linux, macOS, BSD), used to locate shareable libraries such as `tsp` plugins or TSDuck extensions.
`PAGER`	Defined to a pager command to output commands such as `tstables`, `tsdump` or `--help` option anywhere. The default is `less -QFX` or `more` when the `less` command is not available.
`Path`	On Windows systems, the system-defined search path of executables is also used to search `tsp` plugins, TSDuck extensions and global configuration files.
`PATH`	On UNIX systems (Linux, macOS, BSD), the system-defined search path of executables is also used to search TSDuck extensions and global configuration files.
`TS_CERR_DEBUG_LEVEL`	A debug level to initially set to the standard error device (same values as specified with `--debug` command line, see section 3.1.3). This can be used to troubleshoot initialization steps such as loading plugins or extensions.
`TS_CURL_RETRY`	On UNIX systems (Linux, macOS, BSD), define a retry policy for Web requests (HTTP, HLS, etc.) See section 6.1.2 below.
`TS_DEBUG_OPENSSL`	On UNIX systems (Linux, macOS, BSD), display OpenSSL error messages on standard error.
`TS_NO_CRC32_INSTRUCTIONS`	Do not use CRC32 accelerated instructions even when available on the current CPU. Currently, this applies to Arm64 CPU only.
`TS_NO_HARDWARE_ACCELERATION`	Do not use any form of accelerated instructions even when available on the current CPU.
`TS_FORCED_VERSION`	When it contains a string in the form `x.y-z`, it is used as a fake version number for TSDuck. This is only useful to test the detection of new versions. Avoid playing with this otherwise.
`TSDUCK_GITHUB_API_TOKEN`	Used with `tsversion` to authenticate to GitHub when checking or downloading the TSDuck latest versions from GitHub. This is not required but it enhances the access to the GitHub API. See GitHub documentation for details.
`TSDUCK_NO_USER_CONFIG`	When defined to any non-empty value, do not load the TSDuck user’s configuration file. See appendix B.
`TSDUCK_NO_VERSION_CHECK`	When defined to any non-empty value, do not check new versions. By default, `tsp` checks the availability of a new version at most once a day (unless TSDuck was built without version check).
`TSLIBEXT_IGNORE`	A comma-separated list of extension names to ignore. This can be used to prevent loading a specific list of extensions.
`TSLIBEXT_NONE`	When defined to any non-empty value, do not load any extension.
`TSPLUGINS_PATH`	A search path of additional directories containing `tsp` plugins.
`TSPLUGINS_STACK_SIZE`	When defined to an integer value, it specifies the stack size in bytes of all `tsp` plugin threads. By default, an "appropriate" stack size is used. This is a debug tool, use with care.

6.1.1. Search paths

The directory search paths such as the system-defined PATH and the TSDuck-defined TSPLUGINS_PATH use a system-specific syntax. On UNIX systems (Linux, macOS, BSD), the directory names are separated with colons :. On Windows systems, they are separated with semi-colons ;.

6.1.2. Web requests retry policy

On UNIX systems (Linux, macOS, BSD), TSDuck uses libcurl to perform Web requests. In rare cases, it has been noted that curl fails with "connection reset by peer" right after sending the SSL/TLS client hello message. Retrying usually succeeds after of a couple of times. This is typically seen on some specific servers. The reason for this issue is currently unknown.

All other Web clients, including all browsers and the Windows WinInet library, perform the same request without error. Only the curl command and libcurl fail.

As a dirty workaround, the environment variable TS_CURL_RETRY can be set to specify a per-site retry policy. The value must be a comma-separated list of directives:

RETRY=value : number of retries for following hosts.
INTERVAL=value : milliseconds between retries for following hosts.
HOST=name : host name, as used in Web URL’s.

Example

$ export TS_CURL_RETRY="RETRY=5,INTERVAL=100,HOST=foo1.com,RETRY=2,HOST=foo2.com"

Web requests on host foo1.com are retried 5 times after an initial failure, waiting 100 milliseconds between retries. Web requests on host foo2.com are retried 2 times only and the waiting interval remains 100 milliseconds.

6.2. Typical issues with TSP

This section lists a few typical issues when using tsp and provides some troubleshooting recipes.

The screen is garbled with strange characters

This is typically observed when no output plugin is specified. The default output plugin is file and the default output file for this plugin is the standard output. This is quite useful to pipe transport streams between commands. However, if the binary transport stream is sent to the console, the screen is garbled.

Solution: If you don’t need the output transport stream, use -O drop as output plugin.

A plugin which is supposed to insert some data in the stream does not insert anything

The tsp command processes a transport stream. It can modify or delete existing packets but it cannot create new packets. Inserting packets essentially means replacing null packets (aka. stuffing) from the transport stream with new data. When there is not enough or no null packets, no data can be inserted.

Solution: Make sure that enough input stuffing exist. The more appropriate way to do this depends on the context. See the tsp reference documentation in chapter 3, especially the section named "modifying, inserting and deleting packets".

7. Hardware Device Support

7.1. Tuner receiver devices (DVB, ATSC, ISDB)

7.1.1. Overview

The tuner receiver devices are specialized hardware devices which receive DVB-T, DVB-S, DVB-C, ATSC, ISDB-T, ISDB-S signals and transmit the demodulated binary transport stream to the computer system.

The input of a tuner receiver device is the antenna cable. The receiver device has either an F-connector (satellite, cable) or a standard TV connector (terrestrial, cable).

Most terrestrial receivers come with a small linear antenna. The usage of such an antenna should be avoided when possible since the reception is usually very poor. Always use the signal coming from a classical roof TV antenna when available (wall TV socket).

The physical output of a tuner receiver is a standard PC bus, usually PCIe or USB. Legacy devices also included PCI, PCMCIA (PC Card) or Express Card. Some PCIe devices are actually composed of one or more USB receivers and a USB-to-PCI bridge.

Most receivers simply contain a tuner and a demodulator. They transmit the complete transport stream over the bus (PCIe, USB, etc.) The demultiplexing and MPEG audio / video decoding is performed by some software, either in the kernel of the operating system or in a user-space application. Since TSDuck works on transport streams, the embedded hardware demux are never used. So, the simplest and cheapest receivers are usually fine for TSDuck.

Some receivers contain two or more tuners in order to receive several independent transport streams. They usually appear as distinct devices in the operating system.

Some receivers support multiple protocols, for instance DVB-T/T2 and DVB-C. The way they appear on a system depends on the vendor driver. For instance, the same device may appear as one single tuner supporting DVB-T/T2/C on Linux and two distincts tuners on Windows (one for DVB-T/T2 and one for DVB-C).

7.1.2. Operating system integration

7.1.2.1. Linux platforms

The tuner receiver devices are managed by Linux under the common "LinuxTV" framework which is part of V4L ("Video for Linux").

Drivers

The drivers for the DVB receiver devices come with the Linux kernel.

The drivers for recent devices may not be integrated yet into the mainstream Linux kernel, see [LinuxTV] for details on how to install the latest Linux drivers for DVB devices.

Firmware

Some devices need a firmware file in /lib/firmware which is loaded by the driver when the system boots or when the device is plugged-in (USB device for instance).

Some firmware files are packaged with the Linux kernel, but only when no copyright applies. Most firmware files are extracted from the proprietary Windows drivers of the device and are not free. Consequently, they are not included in the kernel distributions. Such proprietary firmware files must be fetched from various sites all over the Web. Some distros provide a package named linux-firmware which contains firmware for many devices, including some DVB devices. The OpenELEC community has collected a large number of tuner firmware files which can be downloaded as an archive.

To simplify the firmware downloading and installation, the command tsconfig --install-dvb-firmware collects all known DVB firmware online and installs them in /lib/firmware.

See the documentation of the tsconfig command in section 3.6.

Device naming

The DVB devices are identified as /dev/dvb/adapterN, where N is a number between 0 and the number of DVB adapters in the system.

When several DVB devices are present in the system, the allocation of the adapter numbers depends on the kernel initialization sequence, the PCI slots, the way the USB devices are plugged and unplugged. It is possible to assign a specific adapter number to each device using the adapter_nr parameter in the relevant drivers (kernel modules) configuration.

For instance, let’s take the example of a system with a Hauppauge WinTV Nova-T-500 (dual DVB-T tuner) and a Hauppauge WinTV Nova-HD-S2 (DVB-S/S2 tuner). The two tuners in the DVB-T PCI board are actually USB devices with an embedded USB hub and the numbering of the tuners is not deterministic. The adapter number for each tuner may vary after each boot. To always allocate adapter numbers 0 and 1 to the DVB-T dual tuner and adapter number 2 to the DVB-S tuner, add the following lines to a modprobe configuration file, for instance /etc/modprobe.d/local.conf:

options dvb-usb-dib0700 adapter_nr=0,1
options cx88-dvb adapter_nr=2

Then, the following allocation is always used:

$ tslsdvb
/dev/dvb/adapter0 (DiBcom 3000MC/P, DVB-T)
/dev/dvb/adapter1 (DiBcom 3000MC/P, DVB-T)
/dev/dvb/adapter2 (Conexant CX24116/CX24118, DVB-S)

7.1.2.2. Microsoft Windows platforms

DirectShow framework

Starting from Windows XP, the DVB devices are managed by DirectShow, a Microsoft framework for multimedia. The specific subsystem of DirectShow for DVB receiver devices is BDA (Broadcast Device Architecture). Most of the time, the hardware vendors provide BDA drivers for their receivers. Windows does not include any predefined BDA driver.

On all Windows platforms, TSDuck uses basic DirectShow features to access the BDA drivers of the receiver devices.

Retrieving actual modulation parameters

On Windows, it is not possible to retrieve the actual tuning parameters of a transport stream as detected by the tuner device.

This can be annoying in a DVB-T environment where many transmission parameters may be inaccurate but the tuner device will detect the actual parameters. For instance, you may tune on a transport specifying a FEC 2/3 and a guard interval 1/32. If the actual signal uses different values, for instance a FEC 3/4 and a guard interval 1/8, the tuner device will automatically adjust the parameters. On Linux, the command tslsdvb -v displays the actual parameters, as reported by the tuner device. Moreover, the dvb plugin can compute the exact theoretical bitrate of the transport stream based on the actual transmission parameters. On Windows, it is not possible to query the tuner device for the actual parameters. It is not possible to display the actual transmission parameters. The dvb plugin must use the analysis of PCR’s to evaluate the bitrate.

7.1.2.3. macOS platforms

There is no uniform or standard software framework to support tuners on macOS. Some tuners are officially supported on macOS but they are shipped with proprietary drivers and proprietary TV-watching applications. The driver API’s are not documented.

Therefore, TSDuck provides no support for hardware tuner devices on macOS.

7.1.3. Device naming

All TSDuck modules using DVB receivers (tslsdvb, tsscan, dvb plugin) use a device name to designate a receiver device. The syntax of the device name depends on the operating system.

Use the command tslsdvb to list all available receiver devices.

By default, when no device name is specified, the TSDuck commands and plugins use the first receiver device, that is the say the device which appears first when the command tslsdvb is invoked.

In all cases (tslsdvb, tsscan, dvb plugin), the option --adapter (or -a) can be used to simply designate the Nth receiver device in the system, the first index being zero. When the system has several receiver devices, tslsdvb also displays the corresponding device index.

7.1.3.1. Linux platforms

On Linux, a receiver device is named as /dev/dvb/adapterA[:F[:M[:V]]] where:

A = adapter number
F = frontend number (default: 0).
M = demux number (default: same as frontend number).
V = dvr number (default: same as frontend number).

When unspecified, the demux and dvr numbers default to the same number as the frontend or, if the corresponding demux or dvr does not exist, to the highest existing demux or dvr number.

Usually, only the adapter number is important if there is more than one receiver device in the system. The frontend number is useful only if a device adapter includes several tuners.

On most adapters, there are as many demux and dvr as frontends and the default demux and dvr numbers are appropriate. There are some adapters with less demux or dvr than frontends. In that case, all frontends cannot be used at the same time. It may also be impossible to list the characteristics of all tuner devices at the same time. With such tuners, the user needs to know exactly how the frontends are allocated and specify the right full device name with frontend, demux and dvr number.

Additionally, the full unique description of a tuner can be used instead of the classical device name. The full description, when available, includes some unique identification of a device such as the serial number ("SN").

Example:

$ tslsdvb
/dev/dvb/adapter0 ("Silicon Labs Si2168, AVerMedia TD310 Device 2.00 SN:202866000009", DVB-T, DVB-T2, DVB-C)
/dev/dvb/adapter1 ("DiBcom 7000MA/MB/PA/PB/MC, Hauppauge Nova-T Stick 2.00 SN:4027216814", DVB-T)

The following commands are then equivalent:

$ tsp -I dvb -d "Silicon Labs Si2168, AVerMedia TD310 Device 2.00 SN:202866000009" ...
$ tsp -I dvb -d /dev/dvb/adapter0 ...
$ tsp -I dvb -a 0 ...

This type of identification can be useful when using several USB tuners of the same model. USB devices have no fixed /dev/dvb/adapterN identification. After unplugging and replugging the device or after rebooting the system, the tuner ordering can change. Using a complete identification, including a unique serial number, provides a way to address a specific physical tuner without ambiguity.

7.1.3.2. Microsoft Windows platforms

On Windows, a receiver device name is the name of a DirectShow tuner filter. Since these names are usually complicated, with spaces and mixed cases ("Nova-T Stick DVB-T Tuner (Dev1 Path0)" for instance), the specified name is not case sensitive and spaces are ignored.

As an alternative, the name :N can be used to designate the N^th receiver device in the system, the first index being zero. So, the following commands are equivalent:

C:\> tsp -I dvb -d :0 ...
C:\> tsp -I dvb -a 0 ...

When several tuners of identical models are used, the DirectShow tuner filters will have identical names. To address a specific tuner, it is possible to use the adapter number. However, if the tuners are connected to distinct antenna sources, we must be sure to address a specific physical tuner. If the tuners are USB devices, they may be assigned different adapter numbers each time they are plugged in.

To solve this problem, it is possible to use the device path of a tuner as tuner name. The device path remains contant for a given physical tuner.

To get the device paths, use the following command:

C:\> tslsdvb -v

0: "AVerMedia TD310 BDA C Filter" (ATSC, DVB-C, DVB-C/C)
   Device: @device:pnp:\\?\usb#vid_07ca&pid_1871#202866000009#{71985f48-1ca1-11d3-9cc8-00c04f7971e0}\{cacacefd-1b5f-49f4-af24-0ce559cc1e90}
....
1: "AVerMedia TD310 BDA Filter" (DVB-T, DVB-T2)
   Device: @device:pnp:\\?\usb#vid_07ca&pid_1871#202866000009#{71985f48-1ca1-11d3-9cc8-00c04f7971e0}\{cacacefd-1b5f-49f4-af24-0ce559cc1f6d}
....

The following commands are then equivalent:

C:\> tsp -I dvb -d "AVerMedia TD310 BDA Filter" ...
C:\> tsp -I dvb -d "@@device:pnp:\\?\usb#vid_07ca&pid_1871#202866000009#{71985f48-1ca1-11d3-9cc8-00c04f7971e0}\{cacacefd-1b5f-49f4-af24-0ce559cc1f6d}" ...
C:\> tsp -I dvb -d :1 ...
C:\> tsp -I dvb -a 1 ...

Note that, when the device path starts with @, we must double it (@@) to avoid the interpretation as partial command line redirection (see section 3.1.5 for more details).

7.1.4. Tuner emulator

For specific tasks such as troubleshooting scanning issues on a remote location, TSDuck includes a tuner emulator feature.

The tuner emulator is not connected to a physical device. Instead, it emulates the behavior of a regular tuner using pure software and transport stream data files. Being pure software, the tuner emulator is available on all operating systems, including macOS.

7.1.4.1. Principles

A tuner emulator can be used anywhere a physical tuner is used, for instance with the tsscan command or the dvb input plugin.

The device name of a tuner is the path of an XML file. Using a name ending in .xml as tuner device name means that the corresponding command or plugin will automatically use the tuner emulator.

The XML file contains the characteristics of the tuner, namely its type and the list of frequencies (or channels) which are populated with a signal.

For each frequency, there is either an associated transport stream file or a shell command which generates a transport stream on its standard output. Receiving packets from that frequency means reading packets from the transport stream file, endlessly (at end of file, loop back at the beginning of the file) or reading packets from the output of the command.

Each channel has a bandwidth which is centered on the declared frequency. Reception is possible in all frequencies within that bandwidth. The reported signal quality and strength ranges from 100% at the center frequency to 50% at the edges of the bandwidth.

Note that the command tslsdvb does not list tuner emulators. Physical tuners are explicitly defined in the system while there is a potentially unlimited number of XML files which can be used as tuner emulators.

7.1.4.2. Tuner emulator XML file

An XML file which describes a tuner emulator has the following structure:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<tsduck>

  <!-- Supported delivery types in addition to all channels (several entries allowed) -->
  <!-- With "type" attribute, add all delivery systems for the tuner type -->
  <tuner type="DVB-S|DVB-T|DVB-C|ISDB-S|ISDB-T|ISDB-C|ATSC, optional"
         delivery="string, optional"/>

  <!-- Default values for channel entries (max one entry) -->
  <defaults delivery="string, optional"
            bandwidth="uint64, optional"
            directory="string, optional"/>

  <!-- One channel entry per frequency -->
  <channel frequency="uint64, required"
           delivery="string, optional"
           bandwidth="uint64, optional"
           polarization="horizontal|vertical|left|right, optional"
           modulation="QPSK|8-PSK|16-QAM|32-QAM|64-QAM|128-QAM|256-QAM|8-VSB|16-VSB|16-APSK|32-APSK|DQPSK, optional"
           symbol_rate="uint32, optional"
           FEC_inner="1/2|1/3|1/4|2/3|2/5|3/4|5/6|6/7|7/8|8/9|3/5|4/5|9/10|5/11, optional"
           file="string, optional"
           pipe="string, optional"/>

</tsduck>

The <default> entry is optional. It contains default values for the <channel> entries. The delivery and bandwidth attributes values are used when missing in a <channel> entry.

The value of the delivery attribute shall be one of the names which are documented in the dvb plugin option --delivery-system typically DVB-T, DVB-S, ATSC, etc.)

The optional directory attribute indicates the root directory of transport stream file paths in the <channel> entries. If the directory path is not absolute, it is interpreted relatively to the XML file location, not the current directory of the command which uses the terminal emulator. This allows a more flexible and portable file structure.

Each <channel> entry describes a frequency. The frequency attribute describes the center frequency in Hz and the bandwidth attribute the width in Hz around the center frequency where reception is possible.

Exactly one of file or pipe attributes shall be present and not empty.

The file attribute points to a transport stream file which is read as "content of the frequency". If the file path is not absolute, it is interpreted relatively to the directory attribute of the <default> entry. If there is no default directory, it is interpreted relatively to the XML file location.

The pipe attribute contains a shell command which generates a transport stream on its standard output (a pipe in that case). The process is started when the tuner reception is started (after the tune operation). This command is expected to never complete until the pipe is closed. Receiving packets on the tuner emulator after the completion of the process generates an error.

The optional attributes polarization, modulation, symbol_rate, and FEC_inner, specify the corresponding modulation parameters for the transport stream on the frequency. During a tuning operation, if one of these modulation parameters is specified in the XML file, the provided value must match. Otherwise, the tuning operation fails.

See an example of tuner emulator usage in section 5.1.9.

7.1.5. Tested devices

On Linux, TSDuck works indifferently with any supported tuner device. If a driver exists (with optional firmware) for a given receiver, it should work with TSDuck.

On Windows, TSDuck should work with any receiver coming with a BDA driver but the integration is less straightforward than on Linux and additional testing should be performed. Typically, if the device comes with a "DVB Network Tuner" DirectShow filter and an optional "BDA Receiver Component" DirectShow filter, it should work with TSDuck. At least one device (one from TechniSat) has exhibited different software architecture and could not be used by TSDuck.

The following table summarizes the DVB receiver devices which have been tested with TSDuck.

Please note that this table is informational only. It was built from various users' feedback at some point in time. There is no exhaustive test suite using all these devices. Probably no one, neither the author of TSDuck nor any of its users, have all these devices. So, keep in mind that these devices are not tested for every new version of TSDuck.

Table 18. Tested tuner receiver devices
Brand	Model	Network	# ⁽¹⁾	Bus	Linux	Windows
Artek ⁽²⁾	TV Tuner Stick USB Dongle	DVB-T2/C	2	USB	Tested OK	Not tested
AVerMedia	TD310	DVB-T2/C	1	USB	Tested OK ⁽³¹⁾	Tested OK
BlackGold	BGT3620	DVB-T2/C	6	PCIe	Not tested	Tested OK
DVBSky	S960	DVB-S/S2	1	USB	Tested OK	Tested OK
DVBSky	S960C ⁽⁴⁾	DVB-S/S2	1	USB	Tested OK	Tested OK
GoTView	MasterHD3	DVB-T2/C	2 ⁽⁵⁾	USB	Tested OK ⁽⁶⁾	Tested OK
Hauppauge	WinTV Nova-T-500 ⁽⁷⁾	DVB-T	2	PCI	Tested OK ⁽⁸⁾	Not tested
Hauppauge	WinTV Nova-TD-500 ⁽⁹⁾	DVB-T	2	PCI	Tested OK ^{(8, 10)}	Not tested
Hauppauge	WinTV Nova-T-Stick ⁽¹¹⁾	DVB-T	1	USB	Tested OK ^{(8, 12)}	Tested OK ⁽¹³⁾
Hauppauge	WinTV Nova-T-Stick SE	DVB-T	1	USB	Tested OK ^{(8, 14)}	Tested OK ⁽¹⁴⁾
Hauppauge	WinTV Nova-S	DVB-S	1	PCI	Tested OK	Not tested
Hauppauge	WinTV Nova-HD-S2 ⁽¹⁵⁾	DVB-S/S2	1	PCI	Tested OK ⁽¹⁶⁾	Tested OK
Hauppauge	WinTV-soloHD ⁽³⁾	DVB-T2/C	1	USB	Not tested	Tested OK ⁽¹⁷⁾
Hauppauge	WinTV-dualHD ⁽³⁾	DVB-T2/C	2	USB	Tested OK	Not tested
Hauppauge	WinTV-HVR-935	DVB-T2/C	1	USB	Tested OK	Not tested
MaxMedia	HU 372 ⁽²⁵⁾	DVB-T2/C	2 ⁽⁵⁾	USB	Tested OK ⁽⁶⁾	Tested OK
MyGica	T230C	DVB-T/T2	1	USB	Tested OK	Tested OK
MyGica	PT362	DVB-T/T2	1	USB	Not tested	Tested OK
MyGica	S270 ⁽²⁷⁾	ISDB-T	1	USB	Tested OK ⁽²⁸⁾	Tested OK
MyGica	S2870	ISDB-T	2	USB	Tested OK ⁽²⁹⁾	Tested OK
Pinnacle	PCTV DVB-T Stick 72e	DVB-T	1	USB	Tested OK ⁽⁸⁾	Tested OK
Pinnacle	PCTV nanoStick T2 290e ⁽³⁾	DVB-T2/C	2	USB	Tested OK ⁽¹⁸⁾	Tested OK
Pinnacle	PCTV DVB-S2 Stick 461e ⁽³⁾	DVB-S/S2	1	USB	Not working ^{(19, 20)}	Tested OK ⁽²¹⁾
PLEX	PX-S1UD ⁽²⁷⁾	ISDB-T	1	USB	Tested OK ⁽²⁸⁾	Tested OK
Raspberry	Raspberry Pi TV HAT	DVB-T/T2	1	Pi ⁽³²⁾	Tested OK	Not tested
TBS	TBS 6284	DVB-T/T2	4	PCIe	Not tested	Tested OK
TBS	TBS 6903	DVB-S/S2	2	PCIe	Not tested	Tested OK
TBS	TBS 6209se DVB-T2/T, DVB-C2/C (J.83A/B/C), ISDB-T/C, ATSC 1.0	Multiple	8	PCIe	Tested OK	Not tested
TBS	TBS 5922	DVB-S/S2	1	USB	Not tested	Tested OK
TBS	TBS 5925	DVB-S/S2	1	USB	Not tested	Tested OK
TBS	TBS 5580	Multiple ⁽³⁰⁾	2	USB	Tested OK	Tested OK
TBS	TBS 5520-SE DVB-T2/T, DVB-S2X/S2/S, DVB-C2/C, ISDB-T	Multiple	1	USB	Not tested	Tested OK
TBS	TBS 5530 DVB-T2/T, DVB-S2X/S2/S, DVB-C2/C, ISDB-T, ISDB-C, J83B, ATSC1.0	Multiple	1	USB	Tested OK	Not tested
TBS	TBS 6704	ATSC	4	PCIe	Tested OK	Not tested
TBS	TBS 6904	DVB-S/S2	4	PCIe	Tested OK	Not tested
TechniSat	SkyStar USB HD	DVB-S/S2	1	USB	Not tested	Not working ⁽²²⁾
TechnoTrend	TT-connect CT-3650 CI	DVB-T/C	1	USB	Tested OK	Not tested
TechnoTrend	TT-connect S2-3600	DVB-S/S2	1	USB	Not tested	Tested OK ⁽²³⁾
TechnoTrend	TT-connect S2-4600	DVB-S/S2	1	USB	Not tested	Tested OK
TechnoTrend	TT-budget S2-4100	DVB-S/S2	1	PCIe	Not tested	Tested OK
Terratec	Cinergy T USB XE Rev 2 ⁽²⁴⁾	DVB-T	1	USB	Tested OK ⁽²⁵⁾	Tested OK
TeVii	H640 ⁽²⁵⁾	DVB-T2/C	2 ⁽⁵⁾	USB	Tested OK ⁽⁶⁾	Tested OK
TeVii	S482 DVB-S2	DVB-S/S2	2	PCIe	Not tested	Tested OK

Notes from the table:

Number of tuners. When more than one is present, they usually appear as different receiver devices in the operating system.
Also known as HanfTek or Astrometa. The first tuner supports DVB-T only. The second tuner supports DVB-T/T2 and DVB-C. The second tuner was tested on 64-QAM DVB-C cable in India.
This tuner discards null packets and cannot be used to modify a running TS on the fly and cannot compute reliable bitrates.
The DVBSky S960C has a DVB-CI CAM slot (not CI+).
The GoTView MasterHD3 has two demodulators, one for DVB-T and one for DVB-T2/C. On Windows, they appear as one single DVB-T tuner. On Linux, they appear as two frontends, one for DVB-T and one for DVB-T2/C.
With Linux kernels 4.2 up to 4.7, two frontends are available: frontend0 is DVB-T, frontend1 is DVB-T2/DVB-C. The support in kernels after version 4.7 is partial, something was broken. The device starts but only with the one (DVB-T) frontend. The second frontend (Si2168 demodulator for DVB-T2 and DVB-C) doesn’t start due to i2c error.
The Hauppauge WinTV Nova-T-500 is a PCI board which embeds two USB tuners and a USB-to-PCI bridge.
Need the firmware file revision 1.20 for DiBcom-based DVB receiver devices on Linux,
http://www.wi-bw.tfh-wildau.de/~pboettch/home/files/dvb-usb-dib0700-1.20.fw
The Nova-TD-500 is similar to the Nova-T-500 but has two aerial inputs instead of one.
Do not plug antenna cables in both aerial inputs, this leads to garbage reception. Use only the top aerial input and this feeds the two tuners. The bottom aerial input is not used. Also specify the following options in /etc/modprobe.d/options:
options dvb_usb_dib0700 force_lna_activation=1
options dvb_usb disable_rc_polling=1
Two different revisions exist: 70001 and 70009 (read the sticker).
Revision 70001 tested, works OK. Revision 70009 not tested.
Revision 70001 tested, works OK with the Hauppauge driver CD version 2.5E but does not work with recent drivers versions 3.x and 4.x. Revision 70009 not tested (requires drivers CD version 4.x).
Model 203, revision D1F4 70019 tested.
This is a "lite" version of the Hauppauge HVR-4000.
Need the dvb-fe-cx24116.fw firmware file. Known limitation: Some PCI DMA transfers are aborted without known reason, resulting in packet loss. The problem appears only on some hardware systems and may be related to PCI bus configuration. The problem is characterized by the following error messages from dmesg:
cx88[0]: irq mpeg [0x80000] pci_abort*
cx88[0]/2-mpeg: general errors: 0x00080000
On Windows, the Hauppauge software installation is incomplete. After installing the drivers, the WinTV-soloHD initially appears as one single DVB-T tuner. DVB-C is not accessible. The bundled application WinTV must be run at least once and tuned to a DVB-C transport. Afterwards, a second tuner is installed for DVB-C. This tuner is persistent after reboots.
Need the firmware file dvb-demod-si2168-b40-01.fw.
Need the firmware file for Montage M88DS3103-based DVB receiver devices on Linux from the OpenELEC dvb-firmware package, https://github.com/OpenELEC/dvb-firmware/blob/master/firmware/dvb-demod-m88ds3103.fw
Documented to work on Linux. But the experience demonstrates that it is mostly unreliable. The first tuning operation after insertion of the USB device works. Subsequent tuning operations fail.
On Windows, it has been observed that the PCTV 461e discards all null packets (PID 0x1FFF). As a consequence, transport stream analyses are incorrect, bitrates are incorrect and all tsp plugins which use stuffing to insert new packets do not work correctly.
The TechniSat drivers for Windows have a proprietary and unusual interface. They cannot be integrated in a DirectShow reception graph and, consequently, cannot be used by TSDuck.
DVB tuners drivers for Windows: http://www.tt-pc.com/2959/PC_Products.html
Two different revisions exist: Rev 1 and Rev 2. They use different chipsets and need different drivers. Only the Rev 2 has been tested with TSDuck.
Reported as identical to GoTView Master HD3.
Need the firmware file for Afatech-based DVB receiver devices on Linux, http://www.otit.fi/~crope/v4l-dvb/af9015/af9015_firmware_cutter/firmware_files/4.95.0/dvb-usb-af9015.fw
The ISDB-T tuners MyGica S270 and PLEX PX-S1UD are internally identical.
Need the firmware file from http://plex-net.co.jp/plex/px-s1ud/PX-S1UD_driver_Ver.1.0.1.zip or https://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/firmware/isdbt_rio.inp
Need the firmware file https://linuxtv.org/downloads/firmware/dvb-usb-dib0700-1.20.fw
The TBS 5580 device has two tuners. The first one supports DVB-T/T2, DVB-C/C2 and ISDB-T. The second tuner supports DVB-S/S2/S2X with a CI interface.
Need the firmware files dvb-usb-it9303-01.fw, dvb-demod-si2168-b40-01.fw and dvb-demod-si2168-02.fw from https://github.com/OpenELEC/dvb-firmware/blob/master/firmware/
The Raspberry Pi TV HAT can be connected to Raspberry Pi boards only. It uses the 40-pin Raspberry Pi board connector. It is top-mounted using the Raspberry HAT form factor.

7.2. Dektec devices

7.2.1. Overview

Dektec is a company from The Netherlands which designs professional Digital TV devices (see [Dektec]).

The Dektec devices include a wide range of professional MPEG/DVB devices: ASI input or output, modulators (QPSK, QAM, OFDM, ATSC, DMB, ISDB, etc), demodulators and IP multicasting. The PCI devices are named DTA-1xx and the USB devices are named DTU-2xx. The ASI devices can perform either input, output or both. See [Dektec] for more details.

The tsp plugin named dektec can perform input or output on any Dektec device, provided that the appropriate drivers are installed on the system. Dektec provides drivers and API for their devices on Windows and Linux (see [Dektec-SDK]). For each operating system, there are several Dektec drivers for PCI devices, PCIe devices, USB devices, network devices.

7.2.2. Microsoft Windows platforms

The Dektec drivers are provided in binary format and can be directly installed. An installation guide is included in the zip file of each driver. See [Dektec-SDK].

7.2.3. Linux platforms

The Dektec drivers are provided in source format, as part of the Dektec LinuxSDK package. They must be compiled for each specific version of the Linux kernel.

On lab or production systems where the kernel can be periodically updated, dealing with drivers in source form is not very handy. Most Linux distros have an answer for this: DKMS, for Dynamic Kernel Module Support. The source code of the drivers are installed in /usr/src and the drivers are automatically recompiled and reinstalled in case of kernel update.

Starting with version 2024.06.0, the Dektec LinuxSDK package provides its own DKMS installation. After downloading the LinuxSDK archive from the Dektec download page (see [Dektec-SDK]), expand it into some temporary directory. Everything is expanded under a root subdirectory named LinuxSDK.

Before installing the drivers, verify that your system is ready for DKMS. On most distros, this means installing a package named dkms and a few dependencies.

To install the Dektec device drivers into the DKMS build system, use the following command:

$ sudo LinuxSDK/Drivers/Install

The command installs the drivers source code in /usr/src/dektec-2024.06.0/ (for version 2024.06.0) and builds the drivers for the current kernel in /var/lib/dkms/dektec/2024.06.0/. Each time the kernel will be upgraded, the Dektec device drivers (and all drivers in the DKMS system) will be automatically recompiled.

To remove the Dektec device drivers from the DKMS system, use the following command:

$ sudo LinuxSDK/Drivers/Uninstall

Before version 2024.06.0, there was no DKMS installation procedure in the Dektec LinuxSDK package. An independent project named dektec-dkms was maintained by the TSDuck team. This project is no longer necessary and was archived.

7.2.4. macOS platforms

Dektec provides no support for macOS. All Dektec features of TSDuck are disabled on macOS.

7.2.5. Tested devices

The following Dektec devices have been successfully tested with TSDuck:

DTA-140: PCI ASI input and output.
DTU-245: USB ASI input and output.
DTA-107: PCI DVB-S modulator.
DTA-107S2: PCI DVB-S2 modulator.
DTA-110T: PCI DVB-T modulator.
DTA-115: PCI multi-standard modulator (some modulation types are subject to optional licences) with an additional bidirectional ASI port.
DTU-315: USB-3 multi-standard modulator (subject to optional licences).
DTA-2137C: PCIe DVB-S/S2 demodulator with ASI outputs.
DTA-2138B: PCIe DVB-T/T2, DVB-C/C2, ISDB-T demodulator.

Any other Dektec device should work with TSDuck. Not having a Dektec device listed above is usually not an issue. The Dektec software interface is stable and consistent between Linux and Windows. The experience has demonstrated that using new Dektec devices using recent builds of TSDuck (i.e. containing a recent version of the Dektec API library) has always worked.

It is possible that new Dektec devices introduce new features or protocols which are not yet supported by TSDuck. Please report this in the TSDuck issue tracker (see [TSDuck-Issues]) so that the new feature can be implemented.

7.3. HiDes devices

7.3.1. Overview

HiDes is a company from Taiwan, a manufacturer of cheap DVB-T devices (see [HiDes]). These devices are based on chips from ITE Technologies Inc., also from Taiwan.

The UT-100C model is a USB DVB-T modulator adaptor (transmission). This device is one of the cheapest modulators for Digital TV.

Other models from HiDes include reception, ISDB-T support or PCIe interface. Currently, only USB DVB-T modulators are supported by TSDuck.

The tsp plugin named hides can perform output on HiDes devices, provided that the appropriate drivers are installed on the system. These drivers are available at [HiDes-Drivers].

7.3.2. Linux platforms

The drivers for HiDes devices are provided in source form. It is unclear if these drivers were provided by HiDes or ITE. They must be compiled for each specific version of the Linux kernel.

For a better integration with the various distros, an independent project has been setup to create DKMS packages for HiDes drivers (see [HiDes-Drivers]). This project provides a script to build packages for Red Hat & clones, Fedora, Debian, and Ubuntu distros. Pre-built packages are also available from the releases section in [HiDes-Drivers].

The name of a HiDes device is illustrated below:

$ tshides -v
Found 1 HiDes device

Index ........... 0
Name ............ "usb-it950x0"
Device .......... /dev/usb-it950x0
Chip type ....... 0x9507
Device type ..... 11
Driver version .. v16.11.10.1w
API version ..... 1.3.20160929.0
Link firmware ... 255.39.2.0
OFDM firmware ... 255.9.11.0
Company ......... ITEtech
Hardware info ... Eagle DVBT

Note the w at the end of the driver version. This indicates a modified "waiting" version of the driver as provided in [HiDes-Drivers].

The original driver from HiDes or ITE has a "polling" design which is much less efficient. If you have a driver version without trailing w, this is probably an original version of the driver. TSDuck will work but in a very inefficient way: each time packets shall be sent to the modulator, the tsp application has to actively wait (looping on very short timers) for the modulator to be ready, unnecessarily consuming CPU and lacking accuracy.

With the modified w version, the output thread of the tsp application is simply suspended until the very precise moment where the modulator is ready.

7.3.3. Microsoft Windows platforms

The HiDes driver is provided in binary format and can be directly installed. The installer is in a zip file.

There is no known fixed reference URL for the latest version of the Windows driver. To make sure that TSDuck users can always find a working version of this driver, it is also available from the releases section in [HiDes-Drivers].

Unlike the Linux driver, the Windows driver has not been modified for TSDuck. The original driver is anyway delivered in binary form and cannot be easily modified. Note that the original Windows driver has a standard "waiting" design and does not suffer from the "polling" design of the original Linux driver.

The name of a HiDes device is a DirectShow filter name, as illustrated below:

C:\> tshides -v
Found 1 HiDes device

Index ........... 0
Name ............ "IT9507 TX Filter"
Device .......... \\?\usb#vid_048d&pid_9507#ut100cv4201504240422#{fbf6f530-07b9-11d2-a71e-0000f8004788}\{9963cc0e-ee70-11e0-ba8f-92d34824019b}
USB mode ........ 0x0200
Vendor id ....... 0x048D
Product id ...... 0x9507
Chip type ....... 0x9507
Device type ..... 11
Driver version .. 21.17.39.1
Link firmware ... 255.39.2.0
OFDM firmware ... 255.9.11.0

Identical devices use the same DirectShow filter and have probably identical names. The device path is unique but is a complicated Windows device reference and is barely usable. So, when we have several identical HiDes devices on the same machine, it is probably easier to reference them by adapter index (0, 1, 2, etc.) using option --adapter.

Note that the verbose display (option -v) is different between Windows and Linux. This is due to the distinct API’s of the HiDes drivers on distinct operating system. The command tshides displays what is available for the platform it is running on.

7.3.4. macOS platforms

HiDes provides no support for macOS. All HiDes features of TSDuck are disabled on macOS.

7.3.5. Tested devices

The following HiDes devices have been successfully tested with TSDuck:

UT-100C: USB DVB-T modulator.
UT-100A: USB DVB-T receptor and modulator. Only the modulator is supported with TSDuck.

7.3.6. Power constraints

The HiDes devices have no external power. They are exclusively powered through the USB port. It has been reported that some USB ports did not provide sufficient power to the device, resulting in random corruptions in the output stream.

In case of problem, try to connect the HiDes device to a powered USB 3.0 hub.

In [HiDes], the documentation states that the maximum required power is 390 mA. But it is currently unclear if the HiDes device requires more than the normalized maximum of 500 mA from the USB port or if some USB ports fail to provide the required 500 mA.

7.4. VATek-based modulators

7.4.1. Overview

Vision Advance Technology Inc. (aka. VATek, see [VATek]) is a company from Taiwan which designs modulator chips. The final modulator device products can be from different manufacturers.

Note that, unlike Dektec and HiDes devices which are available on Linux and Windows only, VATek-based devices are available on all operating systems, including macOS, because VATek chips do not need a dedicated device driver. They are accessed through the portable libusb library which is available on all operating systems.

There is no "device name" for VATek-based modulators, only device indexes, from 0 to N-1 (with N being the number of VATek-based devices in the system).

7.4.2. Tested devices

The tested devices were based on the A3 chip from VATek:

A3 developer board from VATek.
Suntechtv U3 USB modulator (see [Suntech]).

Note that the software (the tsvatek command and the vatek output plugin) is developed and maintained by VATek and controls all devices using VATek chips. Thus, all modulator products based on the A3 chip should work identically.

Appendix A: User’s Configuration File

The TSDuck user’s configuration file is used to specify default command line options or alternate options for all or selected TSDuck commands. This configuration file is specific per user.

If the environment variable TSDUCK_NO_USER_CONFIG is defined to some non-empty value, the configuration file is ignored. This can be useful to bypass the defaults from this file or to troubleshoot problems and test if they come from the user’s configuration file.

A.1. Configuration file location

The location of the user’s TSDuck configuration file depends on the operating system.

UNIX systems (Linux, macOS, BSD):

$HOME/.tsduck

Windows:

%APPDATA%\tsduck\tsduck.ini

A.2. Configuration file format

The format of this file resembles the old .ini files on Windows systems. There is one main section, followed by several command-specific sections.

Here are the main rules for the configuration files:

The main section comes first.
A section starts with the section name enclosed in square brackets.
The name of a section is the name of a TSDuck command (e.g. [tsp], [tsswitch], etc.)
In a section, an entry has the syntax name = value.
An entry can be specified several times in a section when multiple values are allowed.
When a TSDuck command searches for an entry in the configuration file, it searches first in the section with the name of the command. If the entry is not found here, it is searched in the top main section.
Lines starting with a dieresis (#) are comments and are ignored.
Lines ending with a back-slash (\) are continued on the next text line.
Quotes can be used to group command line arguments when necessary.
Back-slashes in the middle of a line are used to escape characters.

The following table lists the supported entries in the configuration file.

Table 19. Configuration file entries
Entry name	Description	Apply to
`default.options`	Used as command line options when none are specified.	All commands
`prepend.options`	Options to prepend before the actual options.	All commands
`append.options`	Options to append after the actual options.	All commands
`default.input`	Default input plugin (with options) when none are specified.	`tsp`, `tsswitch`
`default.plugin`	Default packet processing plugin (with options) when none are specified.	`tsp`
`default.output`	Default output plugin (with options) when none are specified.	`tsp`, `tsswitch`
`default.lnb`	Default LNB type for satellite reception. See section A.3.	All commands
`default.region`	Default region for UHF / VHF frequency layout. See section A.4.	All commands
`default.time`	Default value for `--time-reference` option. See section 2.4.2.	All commands
`leap.seconds`	Use explicit leap seconds in time computations. The value shall be true or false (default is true). See section 2.4.2.	All commands

A.3. LNB names

In the configuration file entry default.lnb and the command line option --lnb, the specified string is the name (or an alias for that name) of a preconfigured LNB in the configuration file named tsduck.lnbs.xml.

The location of this file depends on the operating system.

Linux:

/usr/share/tsduck/tsduck.lnbs.xml

macOS (Intel):

/usr/local/share/tsduck/tsduck.lnbs.xml

macOS (Arm):

/opt/hombrew/share/tsduck/tsduck.lnbs.xml

Windows:

%TSDUCK%\bin\tsduck.lnbs.xml

NetBSD:

/usr/pkg/share/tsduck/tsduck.lnbs.xml

Other BSD:

/usr/local/share/tsduck/tsduck.lnbs.xml

The default value describes a dual-band so-called European Universal Ku (extended) LNB.

The table below summarizes known LNB names and aliases. This list may be incomplete. See the file tsduck.lnbs.xml for a complete reference.

Table 20. Preconfigured LNB names and aliases
Name	Aliases
`European Universal Ku (extended)`	`Astra 19.2E`	`Extended`
`European Universal (old)`	`Universal`
`Astra`	`Enhanced`
`Expressvu`	`DBS`
`Standard`
`L10700`
`L10750`
`L11300`
`Invacom QPH-031`	`QPH031`
`Big Dish Monopoint`	`C-Band`
`Big Dish Multipoint`	`C-Multi`
`DishPro`
`Japan 110BS/CS`	`Japan`	`110BS`	`110CS`
`BrasilSat Stacked`	`Stacked-Brasilsat`
`BrasilSat Oi`	`Oi-BrasilSat`
`BrasilSat Amazonas 1/2, 3 Oscillators`	`Amazonas3`
`BrasilSat Amazonas 1/2, 2 Oscillators`	`Amazonas2`
`BrasilSat custom GVT`	`GVT-BrasilSat`
`None`	`Null`

For compatibility, the legacy format low_freq[,high_freq,switch_freq] is also accepted as LNB name. The three frequencies are the low-band oscillator, the high-band oscillator and the switch frequency. All frequencies are in MHz. The last two values are used only with a dual-band LNB.

A.4. HF band region names

A list of all supported regions can be found in the file named tsduck.hfbands.xml, the location of which depends on the operating system.

Linux:

/usr/share/tsduck/tsduck.hfbands.xml

macOS (Intel):

/usr/local/share/tsduck/tsduck.hfbands.xml

macOS (Arm):

/opt/hombrew/share/tsduck/tsduck.hfbands.xml

Windows:

%TSDUCK%\bin\tsduck.hfbands.xml

NetBSD:

/usr/pkg/share/tsduck/tsduck.hfbands.xml

Other BSD:

/usr/local/share/tsduck/tsduck.hfbands.xml

The table below summarizes known regions. This list may be incomplete. See the file tsduck.hfbands.xml for a complete reference.

Table 21. HF band region names
Region name	Aliases	UHF	VHF	BS	CS	Standards
`europe`	`uk france`	×	×			DVB
`north-america`	`us usa`	×	×			ATSC
`japan`		×	×	×	×	ISDB
`south-america`	`abnt brazil`	×	×			ISDB
`paraguay`		×	×			ISDB
`argentina`		×				ISDB
`chile`		×				ISDB
`ecuador`		×				ISDB
`philippines`		×				ISDB
`botswana`		×				ISDB

The names BS and CS designate satellite frequency bands which are used in Japan only. In other regions, the frequency allocation inside satellite bands is not regulated and does not use channel numbers.

A.5. Sample configuration files

A.5.1. Generic example

The following example configuration file illustrates most entries.

# Sample configuration file
prepend.options = --verbose

[tsversion]
default.options = --all

[tsp]
default.input  = file '/home/john doe/name with spaces \' and quotes\'.ts'
default.plugin = until --packet 1,000,000
default.plugin = analyze
default.output = drop

In this case, when the command tsp is used alone without arguments, the actual command will be:

$ tsp --verbose \
      -I file '/home/john doe/name with spaces \' and quotes\'.ts' \
      -P until --packet 1,000,000 \
      -P analyze \
      -O drop

If one type of plugin is specified, the defaults no longer apply. For instance, the command:

$ tsp -P regulate

will become:

$ tsp --verbose \
      -I file '/home/john doe/name with spaces \' and quotes\'.ts' \
      -P regulate \
      -O drop

A.5.2. Using TSDuck on Japanese ISDB transport streams

A user who routinely analyzes Japanese transport streams only will have to use specific options in all TSDuck commands. It is consequently easier to setup a configuration file as follow:

default.region = japan
default.lnb = japan
default.time = jst

[tsp]
prepend.options = --japan

[tsanalyze]
prepend.options = --japan

[tsdate]
prepend.options = --japan

[tscharset]
prepend.options = --japan

[tspacketize]
prepend.options = --japan

[tspsi]
prepend.options = --japan

[tsscan]
prepend.options = --japan

[tstabcomp]
prepend.options = --japan

[tstabdump]
prepend.options = --japan

[tstables]
prepend.options = --japan

[tsterinfo]
prepend.options = --japan

Appendix B: Channels Configuration File

This appendix describes the XML reference format for the channel configuration file.

B.1. File usage

A channel configuration file is an XML file containing the description of TV channels (networks, transport streams, services). This file is typically used to simplify the specification of tuning parameters on the command line. Instead of specifying all tuning parameters, use the option --channel-transponder followed by a service name. The TSDuck command retrieves the characteristics of the transport stream which contains the specified service and automatically uses its tuning parameters.

If the same service appears in networks of different types (for instance a DVB-S and a DVB-T network), the TSDuck command will use the one in the same type of network as the hardware tuner in use.

There is one default file per user but any other file can be specified using the option --tuning-file. The location of the user’s default file depends on the operating system.

UNIX systems (Linux, macOS, BSD):

$HOME/.tsduck.channels.xml

Windows:

%APPDATA%\tsduck\channels.xml

B.2. Channel configuration file format

The format which is used here is informal. See the xref:[xrefstyle=short] 2.6.3, page 37, about XML model files.

The <tsduck> root node contains any number of networks which, in turn contain transport streams and services.

The global structure of the XML channel configuration file is the following:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<tsduck>

  <!-- Several networks in an XML file -->
  <!-- The type attribute must match the tuner type to locate a service -->
  <network id="uint16, required" type="ATSC|DVB-C|DVB-S|DVB-T|ISDB-T, required">

    <!-- Several transport streams in a network -->
    <ts id="uint16, required" onid="uint16, optional">

      <!-- Tuning information: exactly one of atsc, dvbc, dvbs, dvbt -->
      <!-- Must match the network type -->

      <!-- Several services in the TS -->
      <service id="uint16, required"
               name="string, optional"
               provider="string, optional"
               LCN="uint16, optional"
               PMTPID="uint13, optional"
               type="uint8, optional"
               cas="bool, optional"
               atsc_type="uint6, optional"
               atsc_major_id="uint10, optional"
               atsc_minor_id="uint10, optional"/>
    </ts>
  </network>

</tsduck>

B.3. Tuning parameters

There must be exactly one tuning parameter structure per transport stream description (<ts> structure).

B.3.1. ATSC

To be used for ATSC tuners:

<atsc frequency="uint64, required"
      modulation="8-VSB|16-VSB, default=8-VSB"
      inversion="on|off|auto, default=auto"/>

B.3.2. DVB-C

To be used for DVB-C/C2 tuners:

<dvbc frequency="uint64, required"
      symbolrate="uint32, default=6,900,000"
      modulation="16-QAM|32-QAM|64-QAM|128-QAM|256-QAM|QAM, default=64-QAM"
      system="DVB-C|DVB-C/A|DVB-C/B|DVB-C/C|, default=DVB-C"
      FEC="1/2|2/3|3/4|4/5|5/6|6/7|7/8|8/9|9/10|3/5|1/3|1/4|2/5|5/11|auto|none,default=auto"
      inversion="on|off|auto, default=auto"/>

B.3.3. DVB-S

To be used for DVB-S/S2 tuners:

<dvbs satellite="uint2, default=0"
      orbital="string, optional"
      frequency="uint64, required"
      symbolrate="uint32, default=27,500,000"
      modulation="QPSK|8-PSK|16-APSK|32-APSK, default=QPSK"
      system="DVB-S|DVB-S2, default=DVB-S"
      polarity="horizontal|vertical|left|right|auto|none, default=auto"
      inversion="on|off|auto, default=auto"
      FEC="1/2|2/3|3/4|4/5|5/6|6/7|7/8|8/9|9/10|3/5|1/3|1/4|2/5|5/11|auto|none, default=auto"
      pilots="on|off|auto, default=auto"
      rolloff="0.20|0.25|0.35|auto, default=auto"
      ISI="uint8, optional"
      PLS_code="uint18, optional"
      PLS_mode="ROOT|GOLD, default=GOLD"/>

B.3.4. DVB-T

To be used for DVB-T/T2 tuners:

<dvbt frequency="uint64, required"
      modulation="QPSK|16-QAM|64-QAM|256-QAM, default=64-QAM"
      inversion="on|off|auto, default=auto"
      HPFEC="1/2|2/3|3/4|4/5|5/6|6/7|7/8|8/9|9/10|3/5|1/3|1/4|2/5|5/11|auto|none, default=auto"
      LPFEC="1/2|2/3|3/4|4/5|5/6|6/7|7/8|8/9|9/10|3/5|1/3|1/4|2/5|5/11|auto|none, default=auto"
      bandwidth="1.712-MHz|5-MHz|6-MHz|7-MHz|8-MHz|10-MHz|auto, default=auto"
      transmission="1K|2K|4K|8K|16K|32K|auto, default=auto"
      guard="1/4|1/8|1/16|1/32|1/128|19/128|19/256|auto, default=auto"
      hierarchy="1|2|4|auto|none, default=auto"
      PLP="uint8, optional"/>

B.3.5. ISDB-T

To be used for ISDB-T tuners:

<isdbt frequency="uint64, required"
       inversion="on|off|auto, default=auto"
       bandwidth="5-MHz|6-MHz|7-MHz|8-MHz|auto, default=auto"
       transmission="2K|4K|8K|auto, default=auto"
       guard="1/4|1/8|1/16|1/32|auto, default=auto"/>

B.3.6. ISDB-S

To be used for ISDB-S tuners:

<isdbs satellite="uint2, default=0"
       orbital="string, optional"
       frequency="uint64, required"
       symbolrate="uint32, default=27,500,000"
       polarity="horizontal|vertical|left|right|auto|none, default=auto"
       inversion="on|off|auto, default=auto"
       FEC="1/2|2/3|3/4|5/6|7/8|auto|none, default=auto"/>

Appendix C: Monitoring Configuration File

This appendix describes the usage and XML reference format for the resource monitoring configuration files as used with option --monitor in tsp and tsswitch.

C.1. Resource monitoring in TSDuck

When TSDuck is used in lab activities, most commands run a short time only. The stability of the application over time is not an issue. However, during very long tests or basic production activities, commands such as tsp or tsswitch can run during days, weeks or possibly forever.

In that case, there is always a risk that some system resource is exhausted, typically the virtual memory of the process in case of memory leak. TSDuck is carefully developed to avoid such leaks. However, nobody can guarantee that no mishap will ever appear.

To detect problems in resource usage, tsp or tsswitch define the --monitor option. Using this option, the application periodically logs messages such as the following:

* [MON] 2021/03/14 18:23, VM: 389 MB (stable), CPU:2.19% (average:2.17%)

Each message contains a summary of the memory and CPU usage, both at the time of the message and its evolution over time.

The monitoring strategy is flexible and defined in resource monitoring configuration files (they are XML files). Each command can use a dedicated resource monitoring configuration, although the default one is fine for most usages.

Since the resource usage of an application typically evolves over time, from rapid jumps at the beginning to stability on the long run, the monitoring strategy is divided into several periods. Each period can have a distinct monitoring strategy.

When anomalies are detected, it is possible to trigger external alarm commands, in addition to log messages (although the default configuration doesn’t).

C.2. Resource monitoring configuration file format

The XML format which is used here is informal. See section 2.6.3 about XML model files.

The template structure of a resource monitoring configuration file is the following:

<tsduck>

  <!-- Default behaviour -->
  <defaults max_cpu="uint, 0-100, required"
            stable_memory="bool, required"
            log="bool, required">
    <alarm>shell command (optional)</alarm>
  </defaults>

  <!-- Time profile. All time values are in seconds. -->
  <profile>
    <!-- One entry per period. -->
    <period duration="uint64, optional"
            interval="uint64, required"
            max_cpu="uint, 0-100, optional"
            stable_memory="bool, optional"
            log="bool, optional">
      <alarm>shell command (optional)</alarm>
    </period>
  </profile>

</tsduck>

The <tsduck> root node shall contain exactly one <defaults> node and one <profile> node. The profile is made of at least one <period> node.

In the definition of a period, the duration attribute indicates the total duration of the period in seconds. If this attribute is missing, the period extends forever and is consequently the last one. The interval attribute indicates the interval between two probes of the resource usage during the period.

Other attributes and nodes are optional and their default values are read from the <defaults> node.

The max_cpu attribute indicates the maximum CPU percentage that the TSDuck application should use during a monitoring interval. If the application CPU usage exceeds this value, an alarm is triggered. Keep in mind that multi-threaded applications such as tsp or tsswitch, running on multi-core systems, may use more than 100% of a CPU.

The stable_memory attribute is a boolean which indicates if the amount of virtual memory which is used by the TSDuck application should remain stable during the period. Usually, the virtual memory size of a process takes some time to stabilize and then it should remain stable. It is therefore recommended to set the attribute to false in the initial monitoring periods and to set it to true in the last period at least. The idea is to detect potential memory leaks on the long term.

The log attribute is a boolean which indicates if monitoring messages should be displayed in the log during the period. These messages are useful to understand the behavior of the application. But when the application is running 24 hours a day, it creates an infinitely large log file. To avoid this issue, it is recommended to set this attribute to true in all periods except the last one, to keep a finite number of monitoring messages in the log file.

The <alarm> node contains a shell command to run when an alarm is triggered. This can be a user-defined shell script which notifies some larger monitoring infrastructure. If the <alarm> node is empty or omitted, no alarm is triggered and the resource monitoring is limited to messages in the log file.

In the <alarm> node, the leading and trailing spaces are ignored, as well as line breaks. Thus, if the command is very long, it is possible to freely format it in the XML file.

The alarm command automatically receives three additional parameters:

A human-readable message, the same as the monitoring message in the log file.
The type of alarm, either cpu or memory.
The alarm value. In the case of a CPU alarm, this is the CPU percentage of the application during the last monitoring interval. In the case of a memory alarm, this is the size in bytes of the virtual memory space of the application.

C.3. Default resource monitoring configuration

The default resource monitoring configuration can be found in the file named tsduck.monitor.xml the location of which depends on the operating system.

Linux:

/usr/share/tsduck/tsduck.monitor.xml

macOS (Intel):

/usr/local/share/tsduck/tsduck.monitor.xml

macOS (Arm):

/opt/hombrew/share/tsduck/tsduck.monitor.xml

Windows:

%TSDUCK%\bin\tsduck.monitor.xml

NetBSD:

/usr/pkg/share/tsduck/tsduck.monitor.xml

Other BSD:

/usr/local/share/tsduck/tsduck.monitor.xml

It is recommended to never modify this default file. Any modification would be overwritten when TSDuck is upgraded to a new version. To use an alternative resource monitoring configuration, specify the XML file in the monitoring option, for instance --monitor=myconfig.xml.

The default configuration is defined as follow. It is relatively liberal, and no alarm command is defined.

<tsduck>
  <defaults max_cpu="80" stable_memory="false" log="true"/>
  <profile>
    <period duration="120" interval="10" max_cpu="100"/>
    <period duration="480" interval="60"/>
    <period duration="600" interval="120"/>
    <period duration="2400" interval="300"/>
    <period duration="32400" interval="1800"/>
    <period interval="1800" stable_memory="true" log="false"/>
  </profile>
</tsduck>

It can be interpreted as follow:

During the first 2 minutes, monitor every 10 seconds, no CPU limitation.
During the next 8 minutes (up to start + 10 mn), monitor every minute.
During the next 10 minutes (up to start + 20 mn), monitor every 2 minutes.
During the next 40 minutes (up to start + 1 hour), monitor every 5 minutes.
During the next 9 hours (up to start + 10 hours), monitor every 30 minutes.
After 10 hours, monitor every 30 minutes, raise an alarm when the memory is not stable, stop logging messages to avoid flooding the log file.

Appendix D: PSI/SI XML Reference Model

This appendix describes the XML reference format for all tables and descriptors.

D.1. PSI/SI file format

The format which is used here is informal. See section 2.6.3 about XML model files.

Additionally:

Hexadecimal content is a suite of hexadecimal digits. Spaces are ignored. Note that the name hexadecimal content is used for data blocks, usually private ones, of arbitrary length. This is different from integer values in attributes which can be represented as hexadecimal using the prefix 0x. In hexadecimal content blocks, there is no 0x prefix, everything is hexadecimal.
The pseudo-node <DESCRIPTOR_LIST> is a place-holder for a sequence a descriptor nodes.
Unsupported tables and descriptors can still be used. Their payloads must be specified as hexadecimal content. See tags <generic_short_table>, <generic_long_table> and <generic_descriptor> in section D.21.

D.1.1. XML file structure

The <tsduck> root node contains any number of tables:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<tsduck>
  <!-- any number of table structures -->
</tsduck>

The table structures are documented in the following sections. Descriptors are documented right after. Tables and descriptors are grouped by standard bodies or private parties which defined them.

When a table or structure is not supported by TSDuck, it is still possible to represent it using the generic structures <generic_short_table>, <generic_long_table> and <generic_descriptor> (see section D.21).

D.1.2. Table metadata

Although not documented in the following reference sections and not actually part of the binary table, each table structure accepts the following metadata information.

This information is optional and typically generated by tools and plugins which extract tables from a stream. They are informational only.

<metadata PID="uint13, optional"
          time="YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss, optional"
          first_ts_packet="uint64, optional"
          last_ts_packet="uint64, optional"
          attribute="string, optional">
  <section>
    Hexadecimal content.
  </section>
</metadata>

The attribute attribute contains a generic string which can be used by applications. This is an application-specific attribute. This string is not part of the table, it is not included in binary tables which are injected in transport streams.

Each time an application reads an XML file, the binary tables have the corresponding attribute string attached. The application is free to use it or ignore it. Similarly, when an application sets an attribute string on a binary table and saves the table in XML format, that string can be found in the metadata structure.

The <section> structures are used to propagate a copy of the entire binary sections of the original table. There is one <section> structure per binary section. These structures are generated by the command tstables and the plugin tables only when the option --meta-sections is supplied.

D.2. MPEG-defined tables

D.2.1. Conditional Access Table (CAT)

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<CAT version="uint5, default=0" current="bool, default=true">
  <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>
</CAT>

D.2.2. DSM-CC Stream Descriptors Table

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-6].

<DSMCC_stream_descriptors_table
    version="uint5, default=0"
    current="bool, default=true"
    table_id_extension="uint16, default=0xFFFF">
  <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>
</DSMCC_stream_descriptors_table>

D.2.3. Program Association Table (PAT)

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<PAT version="uint5, default=0"
     current="bool, default=true"
     transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
     network_PID="uint13, optional">

  <!-- One per service -->
  <service service_id="uint16, required" program_map_PID="uint13, required"/>

</PAT>

D.2.4. Program Map Table (PMT)

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<PMT version="uint5, default=0"
     current="bool, default=true"
     service_id="uint16, required"
     PCR_PID="uint13, default=0x1FFF">

  <!-- Program-level descriptors -->
  <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

  <!-- One per elementary stream -->
  <component stream_type="uint8, required" elementary_PID="uint13, required">
    <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>
  </component>

</PMT>

D.2.5. Transport Stream Description Table (TSDT)

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<TSDT version="uint5, default=0" current="bool, default=true">
  <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>
</TSDT>

D.3. DVB-defined tables

D.3.1. Application Information Table (AIT)

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-809] and [ETSI-101-812].

<AIT version="uint5, default=0"
     current="bool, default=true"
     test_application_flag="bool, default=true"
     application_type="uint15, required">

  <!-- Common descriptors loop -->
  <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

  <!-- One per application -->
  <application control_code="uint8, required">
    <application_identifier
         organization_id="uint32, required"
         application_id="uint16, required"/>
    <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>
  </application>

</AIT>

D.3.2. Bouquet Association Table (BAT)

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

The optional attribute preferred_section indicates in which section the description of a transport stream should be preferably serialized. When unspecified for a TS, the corresponding TS description is serialized in an arbitrary section.

<BAT version="uint5, default=0"
     current="bool, default=true"
     bouquet_id="uint16, required">

  <!-- Bouquet-level descriptors -->
  <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

  <!-- One per transport stream -->
  <transport_stream transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
                    original_network_id="uint16, required"
                    preferred_section="uint8, optional">
    <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>
  </transport_stream>

</BAT>

D.3.3. Content Identifier Table (CIT)

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-323].

<CIT version="uint5, default=0"
     current="bool, default=true"
     service_id="uint16, required"
     transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
     original_network_id="uint16, required">

  <!-- One per prepend string -->
  <prepend_string value="string, required"/>

  <!-- One per CRID (Content Reference Identifier) -->
  <crid crid_ref="uint16, required"
        prepend_string_index="uint8, optional"
        unique_string="string, required"/>

</CIT>

D.3.4. Discontinuity Information Table

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<discontinuity_information_table transition="bool, required"/>

D.3.5. Event Information Table (EIT)

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468]. This is the DVB version of an EIT. ATSC uses a different structure for EIT.

If type="pf", this is an EITp/f (present/following).

If type is a 4-bit integer, this is an EITs (schedule) with TID 0x50 + type (EITs Actual) or 0x60 + type (EITs Other), depending on the actual attribute.

When an EIT is compiled by TSDuck (serialized as binary sections), the events are sorted in ascending order of start time and spread over sections as described in [ETSI-101-211].

The attribute last_table_id is optional. By default, it is set to the same table id as the table. Upon serialization, the DVB rules are enforced to bind its value within the DVB-specified limits.

When an EIT section is generated by the plugin eitinject, all these fields are automatically computed.

<EIT type="pf|uint4, default=pf"
     version="uint5, default=0"
     current="bool, default=true"
     actual="bool, default=true"
     service_id="uint16, required"
     transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
     original_network_id="uint16, required"
     last_table_id="uint8, default=same as table id">

  <!-- One per event -->
  <event event_id="uint16, required"
         start_time="YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss, required"
         duration="hh:mm:ss, required"
         running_status="undefined|not-running|starting|pausing|running|off-air,
                         default=undefined"
         CA_mode="bool, default=false">
    <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>
  </event>

</EIT>

D.3.6. IP/MAC Notification Table (INT)

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-301-192].

<INT version="uint5, default=0"
     current="bool, default=true"
     action_type="uint8, default=0x01"
     processing_order="uint8, default=0x00"
     platform_id="uint24, required">

  <!-- Plaform-level descriptors -->
  <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

  <!-- One per device -->
  <device>
    <target>
      <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>
    </target>
    <operational>
      <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>
    </operational>
  </device>

</INT>

D.3.7. Network Information Table (NIT)

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<NIT version="uint5, default=0"
     current="bool, default=true"
     network_id="uint16, required"
     actual="bool, default=true">

  <!-- Network-level descriptors -->
  <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

  <!-- One per transport stream -->
  <transport_stream transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
                    original_network_id="uint16, required"
                    preferred_section="uint8, optional">
    <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>
  </transport_stream>

</NIT>

D.3.8. Related Content Table (RCT)

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-323].

<RCT version="uint5, default=0"
     current="bool, default=true"
     service_id="uint16, required"
     year_offset="uint16, required">

  <!-- One per link -->
  <link link_type="uint4, required"
        how_related_classification_scheme_id="uint6, required"
        term_id="uint12, required"
        group_id="uint4, required"
        precedence="uint4, required"
        media_uri="string, required when link_type == 0 or 2"
        default_icon_flag="bool, required"
        icon_id="uint3, required">

    <!-- If link_type == 1 or 2 -->
    <dvb_binary_locator
        identifier_type="uint2, required"
        scheduled_time_reliability="bool, required"
        inline_service="bool, required"
        start_date="uint9, required"
        dvb_service_triplet_id="uint10, required when inline_service == false"
        transport_stream_id="uint16, required when inline_service == true"
        original_network_id="uint16, required when inline_service == true"
        service_id="uint16, required when inline_service == true"
        start_time="uint16, required"
        duration="uint16, required"
        event_id="uint16, required when identifier_type == 1"
        TVA_id="uint16, required when identifier_type == 2 or 3"
        component_tag="uint8, required when identifier_type == 3"
        early_start_window="uint3, required when identifier_type == 0 and
                                   scheduled_time_reliability == true"
        late_end_window="uint5, required when identifier_type == 0 and
                                scheduled_time_reliability == true"/>

    <!-- One per text -->
    <promotional_text language_code="char3, required" text="string, required"/>

    <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

  </link>

  <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

</RCT>

D.3.9. Resolution provider Notification Table (RNT)

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-323].

<RNT version="uint5, default=0"
     current="bool, default=true"
     context_id="uint16, required"
     context_id_type="uint8, required">

  <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

  <!-- One per resolution provider -->
  <resolution_provider name="string, required">

    <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

    <!-- One per CRID authority -->
    <CRID_authority name="string, required" policy="uint2, required">
      <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>
    </CRID_authority>

  </resolution_provider>

</RNT>

D.3.10. Running Status Table (RST)

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<RST>
  <!-- One per event -->
  <event transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
         original_network_id="uint16, required"
         service_id="uint16, required"
         event_id="uint16, required"
         running_status="undefined|not-running|starting|pausing|running|off-air,
                         required"/>
</RST>

D.3.11. Satellite Information Table (SAT)

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<SAT version="uint5, default=0"
     current="bool, default=true"
     satellite_table_id="uint6, required"
     table_count="uint10, required">

  <!-- satellite_table_id=0 -> satellite_position_v2_info -->
  <satellite_position_v2_info>
    <!-- 1 or more satellite_position required -->
    <satellite_position satellite_id="uint24, required">
      <!-- position_system==0 -> geostationary -->
      <geostationary
          orbital_position="SatelliteOrbitalPosition, eg. 19.2, required"
          west_east_flag="east|west, required"/>
      <!-- position_system==1 -> earth_orbiting -->
      <earth_orbiting
          epoch_year="uint8, required"
          day_of_the_year="uint16, required"
          day_fraction="float, required"
          mean_motion_first_derivative="float, required"
          mean_motion_second_derivative="float, required"
          drag_term="float32, required"
          inclination="float32, required"
          right_ascension_of_the_ascending_node="float32, required"
          eccentricity="float32, required"
          argument_of_perigree="float32, required"
          mean_anomaly="float32, required"
          mean_motion="float32, required"/>
    </satellite_position>
  </satellite_position_v2_info>

  <!-- satellite_table_id=1 -> cell_fragment_info -->
  <cell_fragment_info>
    <!-- 1 or more cell_fragment required -->
    <cell_fragment
        cell_fragment_id="uint32, required"
        first_occurence="bool, required"
        last_occurence="bool, required"
        center_latitude="int18, optional"
        center_longitude="int19, optional"
        max_distance="uint24, optional">
      <!--
          center_latitude, center_longitude (tcimsbf) -
              two's complement integer, most significanr (sign) bit first
          center_latitude, center_longitude,
              max_distance only required when first_occurrence=true
      -->

      <!-- 0 or more delivery_system required -->
      <delivery_system id="uint32, required"/>

      <!-- 0 or more new_delivery_system required -->
      <new_delivery_system id="uint32, required">
        <time_of_application
            base="uint33, required"
            ext="uint9, required"/>
      </new_delivery_system>

      <!-- 0 or more obsolescent_delivery_system required -->
      <obsolescent_delivery_system id="uint32, required">
        <time_of_obsolescence
            base="uint33, required"
            ext="uint9, required"/>
      </obsolescent_delivery_system>

    </cell_fragment>
  </cell_fragment_info>

  <!-- satellite_table_id=2 -> time_association_info -->
  <time_association_info
      association_type="uint4, required"
      leap59="bool, optional"
      leap61="bool, optional"
      past_leap59="bool, optional"
      past_leap61="bool, optional"
      association_timestamp_seconds="uint64, required"
      association_timestamp_nanoseconds="uint32, required">
    <!--
        association_type==0:  UTC without leab second signalling
        association_type==1:  UTC with leab second signalling
        leap59, leap61, pastleap59, pastleap61 only required when association_type==1
    -->
    <ncr base="uint33, required"
         ext="uint9, required"/>
  </time_association_info>

  <!-- satellite_table_id=3 -> beamhopping_timeplan_info -->
  <beamhopping_timeplan_info>
    <beamhopping_timeplan id="uint32, required">

      <time_of_application
          base="uint33, required"
          ext="uint9, required"/>
      <cycle_duration
          base="uint33, required"
          ext="uint9, required"/>

      <time_plan_mode_0>
        <dwell_duration
            base="uint33, required"
            ext="uint9, required"/>
        <on_time
            base="uint33, required"
            ext="uint9, required"/>
      </time_plan_mode_0>

      <time_plan_mode_1 current_slot="uint15, required">
        <slot id="uint15, required" transmission_on="bool, required"/>
      </time_plan_mode_1>

      <time_plan_mode_2>
        <grid_size
            base="uint33, required"
            ext="uint9, required"/>
        <revisit_duration
            base="uint33, required"
            ext="uint9, required"/>
        <sleep_time
            base="uint33, required"
            ext="uint9, required"/>
        <sleep_duration
            base="uint33, required"
            ext="uint9, required"/>
      </time_plan_mode_2>

    </beamhopping_timeplan>
  </beamhopping_timeplan_info>

  <!-- satellite_table_id=4 -> satellite_position_v3_info -->
  <satellite_position_v3_info
      oem_version_major="uint4, required"
      oem_version_minor="uint4, required">

    <creation_date year="uint8, required" day="uint9, required" day_fraction="float32, required"/>

    <v3_satellite satellite_id="uint24, required"
        interpolation_type="Linear|Lagrange|Hermite, optional" interpolation_degree="uint3, optional">

      <total_start_time year="uint8, required" day="uint9, required" day_fraction="float32, required"/>
      <total_stop_time year="uint8, required" day="uint9, required" day_fraction="float32, required"/>

      <!-- usable start and stop time are optional but only used when total_start_time,
           total_stop_time, and the three interpolation values are given -->
      <usable_start_time year="uint8, required" day="uint9, required" day_fraction="float32, required"/>
      <usable_stop_time year="uint8, required" day="uint9, required" day_fraction="float32, required"/>

      <ephemeris_data
          ephemeris_x="float32, required"
          ephemeris_y="float32, required"
          ephemeris_z="float32, required"
          ephemeris_x_dot="float32, required"
          ephemeris_y_dot="float32, required"
          ephemeris_z_dot="float32, required"
          ephemeris_x_ddot="float32, optional"
          ephemeris_y_ddot="float32, optional"
          ephemeris_z_ddot="float32, optional">
        <epoch year="uint8, required" day="uint9, required" day_fraction="float32, required"/>
      </ephemeris_data>

      <covariance>
        <epoch year="uint8, required" day="uint9, required" day_fraction="float32, required"/>
        <element>float32</element>
      </covariance>

    </v3_satellite>

  </satellite_position_v3_info>

</SAT>

D.3.12. Selection Information Table (SIT)

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<selection_information_table version="uint5, default=0" current="bool, default=true">

  <!-- Common descriptors loop, for transmission parameters -->
  <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

  <!-- One per service -->
  <service service_id="uint16, required"
           running_status="undefined|not-running|starting|pausing|running|off-air,
                           required">
    <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>
  </service>

</selection_information_table>

D.3.13. Service Description Table (SDT)

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<SDT version="uint5, default=0"
     current="bool, default=true"
     transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
     original_network_id="uint16, required"
     actual="bool, default=true">

  <!-- One per service -->
  <service service_id="uint16, required"
           EIT_schedule="bool, default=false"
           EIT_present_following="bool, default=false"
           running_status="undefined|not-running|starting|pausing|running|
                           off-air, default=undefined"
           CA_mode="bool, default=false">
    <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>
  </service>

</SDT>

D.3.14. Time and Date Table (TDT)

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<TDT UTC_time="YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss, required"/>

D.3.15. Time Offset Table (TOT)

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<TOT UTC_time="YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss, required">
  <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>
</TOT>

D.3.16. Update Notification Table (UNT)

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-101-211].

<UNT version="uint5, default=0"
     current="bool, default=true"
     action_type="uint8, default=0x01"
     OUI="uint24, required"
     processing_order="uint8, default=0x00">

  <!-- Common descriptors, apply to all SSU -->
  <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

  <!-- One per set of devices -->
  <devices>

    <!-- More than one allowed, each one is an individual descriptor -->
    <!-- inside compatibilityDescriptor() -->
    <compatibilityDescriptor
        descriptorType="uint8, required"
        specifierType="uint8, default=0x01"
        specifierData="uint24, required"
        model="uint16, default=0x00"
        version="uint16, default=0x00">
      <!-- Several subdescriptors -->
      <subDescriptor subDescriptorType="uint8, required">
        Hexadecimal content
      </subDescriptor>
    </compatibilityDescriptor>

    <!-- One per platform -->
    <platform>
      <target>
        <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>
      </target>
      <operational>
        <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>
      </operational>
    </platform>
  </devices>

</UNT>

D.4. SCTE-defined tables

D.4.1. Cable Emergency Alert Table (SCTE 18)

Defined by ANSI/SCTE in [SCTE-18].

<cable_emergency_alert_table
    sequence_number="uint5, required"
    protocol_version="uint8, default=0"
    EAS_event_ID="uint16, required"
    EAS_originator_code="char3, required"
    EAS_event_code="string, required"
    alert_message_time_remaining="uint8, optional"
    event_start_time="YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss, optional"
    event_duration="uint16, optional"
    alert_priority="uint4, required"
    details_OOB_source_ID="uint16, optional"
    details_major_channel_number="uint10, optional"
    details_minor_channel_number="uint10, optional"
    audio_OOB_source_ID="uint16, optional">

  <!-- Optional ATSC multiple_string_structure() containing one or more strings -->
  <nature_of_activation_text>
    <string language="char3, required" text="string, required"/>
  </nature_of_activation_text>

  <!-- Optional ATSC multiple_string_structure() containing one or more strings -->
  <alert_text>
    <string language="char3, required" text="string, required"/>
  </alert_text>

  <!-- From 1 to 31 location structures -->
  <location
      state_code="uint8, required"
      county_subdivision="uint4, required"
      county_code="uint10, required"/>

  <!-- Up to 255 exception structures -->
  <!-- Specify either exception_major_channel_number+exception_minor_channel_number -->
  <!-- or exception_OOB_source_ID -->
  <exception
      exception_major_channel_number="uint10, optional"
      exception_minor_channel_number="uint10, optional"
      exception_OOB_source_ID="uint16, optional"/>

  <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

</cable_emergency_alert_table>

D.4.2. Splice Information Table (SCTE 35)

Defined by ANSI/SCTE in [SCTE-35].

Exactly one of the following tags shall be specified. This is the splice command in this table.

<splice_null>
<splice_schedule>
<splice_insert>
<time_signal>
<bandwidth_reservation>
<private_command>

Table definition:

<splice_information_table
    protocol_version="uint8, default=0"
    pts_adjustment="uint33, default=0"
    tier="uint12, default=0xFFF">

  <!-- Splice commands, only one of them is allowed -->

  <splice_null/>

  <splice_schedule>
    <!-- One per splice event -->
    <splice_event
        splice_event_id="uint32, required"
        splice_event_cancel="bool, default=false"
        out_of_network="bool, required when splice_event_cancel is false"
        utc_splice_time="uint32 or YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss,
                         required when splice_event_cancel is false and
                         program_splice_flag is to be set"
        unique_program_id="uint16, required when splice_event_cancel is false"
        avail_num="uint8, default=0"
        avails_expected="uint8, default=0">
      <!-- Optional -->
      <break_duration
          auto_return="bool, required"
          duration="uint33, required"/>
      <!-- One per component when splice_event_cancel is false and
           utc_splice_time is not specified -->
      <component
          component_tag="uint8, required"
          utc_splice_time="uint32 or YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss, required"/>
    </splice_event>
  </splice_schedule>

  <splice_insert
      splice_event_id="uint32, required"
      splice_event_cancel="bool, default=false"
      out_of_network="bool, required when splice_event_cancel is false"
      splice_immediate="bool, default=false"
      pts_time="uint33, required when splice_event_cancel is false and
                splice_immediate is false and program_splice_flag is to be set"
      unique_program_id="uint16, required when splice_event_cancel is false"
      avail_num="uint8, default=0"
      avails_expected="uint8, default=0">
    <!-- Optional -->
    <break_duration
        auto_return="bool, required"
        duration="uint33, required"/>
    <!-- One per component when splice_event_cancel is false and
         pts_time is not specified -->
    <component
         component_tag="uint8, required"
         pts_time="uint33, required when splice_immediate is false"/>
  </splice_insert>

  <time_signal pts_time="uint33, optional"/>

  <bandwidth_reservation/>

  <private_command identifier="uint32, required">
    Hexadecimal digits.
  </private_command>

  <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

</splice_information_table>

D.5. ATSC-defined tables

D.5.1. Cable Virtual Channel Table (CVCT)

Defined by ATSC in [ATSC-A65].

<CVCT version="uint5, default=0"
      current="bool, default=true"
      protocol_version="uint8, default=0"
      transport_stream_id="uint16, required">

  <!-- Common descriptors loop -->
  <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

  <!-- One per channel -->
  <channel short_name="string, required"
           major_channel_number="uint10, required"
           minor_channel_number="uint10, required"
           modulation_mode="analog|64-QAM|256-QAM|8-VSB|16-VSB|uint8, required"
           carrier_frequency="uint32, default=0"
           channel_TSID="uint16, required"
           program_number="uint16, required"
           ETM_location="uint2, default=0"
           access_controlled="bool, default=false"
           hidden="bool, default=false"
           path_select="uint1, default=0"
           out_of_band="bool, default=0"
           hide_guide="bool, default=false"
           service_type="analog|dtv|audio|data|software|uint6, default=dtv"
           source_id="uint16, required">
    <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>
  </channel>

</CVCT>

D.5.2. Directed Channel Change Selection Code Table (DCCSCT)

Defined by ATSC in [ATSC-A65].

<DCCSCT version="uint5, default=0"
        protocol_version="uint8, default=0"
        dccsct_type="uint16, default=0">

  <!-- Common descriptors loop -->
  <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

  <!-- One per update -->
  <update update_type="new_genre_category|new_state|new_county|uint8, required"
          genre_category_code="uint8, required when update_type == new_genre_category"
          dcc_state_location_code="uint8, required when update_type == new_state"
          state_code="uint8, required when update_type == new_county"
          dcc_county_location_code="uint10, required when update_type == new_county">

    <!-- Update descriptors loop -->
    <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

    <!-- multiple_string_structure(), required when update_type==new_genre_category -->
    <genre_category_name_text>
      <string language="char3, required" text="string, required"/>
    </genre_category_name_text>

    <!-- ATSC multiple_string_structure(), required when update_type == new_state -->
    <dcc_state_location_code_text>
      <string language="char3, required" text="string, required"/>
    </dcc_state_location_code_text>

    <!-- ATSC multiple_string_structure(), required when update_type == new_county -->
    <dcc_county_location_code_text>
      <string language="char3, required" text="string, required"/>
    </dcc_county_location_code_text>

  </update>

</DCCSCT>

D.5.3. Directed Channel Change Table (DCCT)

Defined by ATSC in [ATSC-A65].

<DCCT version="uint5, default=0"
      protocol_version="uint8, default=0"
      dcc_subtype="uint8, default=0"
      dcc_id="uint8, required">

  <!-- Common descriptors loop -->
  <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

  <!-- One per channel change test -->
  <dcc_test dcc_context="temporary_retune|channel_redirect|uint1, required"
            dcc_from_major_channel_number="uint10, required"
            dcc_from_minor_channel_number="uint10, required"
            dcc_to_major_channel_number="uint10, required"
            dcc_to_minor_channel_number="uint10, required"
            dcc_start_time="YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss, required"
            dcc_end_time="YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss, required">

    <!-- DCC test descriptors loop -->
    <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

    <!-- One per channel change test -->
    <dcc_term dcc_selection_type="uint8, required"
              dcc_selection_id="uint64, required">
      <!-- DCC term descriptors loop -->
      <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>
    </dcc_term>

  </dcc_test>

</DCCT>

D.5.4. Event Information Table (EIT)

Defined by ATSC in [ATSC-A65].

To avoid conflicts with the DVB version of an EIT, the XML structure is named <ATSC_EIT>. The tag <EIT> designates a DVB EIT.

<ATSC_EIT version="uint5, default=0"
          source_id="uint16, required"
          protocol_version="uint8, default=0">

  <!-- One per event -->
  <event event_id="uint16, required"
         start_time="YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss, required"
         ETM_location="uint2, required"
         length_in_seconds="uint20, required">

    <!-- Optional ATSC multiple_string_structure() containing one or more strings -->
    <title_text>
      <string language="char3, required" text="string, required"/>
    </title_text>

    <!-- Event descriptors loop -->
    <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

  </event>

</ATSC_EIT>

D.5.5. Extended Text Table (ETT)

Defined by ATSC in [ATSC-A65].

<ETT version="uint5, default=0"
     protocol_version="uint8, default=0"
     ETT_table_id_extension="uint16, required"
     ETM_id="uint32, required">

  <!-- Optional ATSC multiple_string_structure() containing one or more strings -->
  <extended_text_message>
    <string language="char3, required" text="string, required"/>
  </extended_text_message>

</ETT>

D.5.6. Master Guide Table (MGT)

Defined by ATSC in [ATSC-A65].

<MGT version="uint5, default=0" protocol_version="uint8, default=0">

  <!-- Common descriptors loop -->
  <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

  <!-- One per table type -->
  <table type="TVCT-current|TVCT-next|CVCT-current|CVCT-next|ETT|DCCSCT|
               EIT-0..EIT-127|ETT-0..ETT-127|RRT-1..RRT-255|DCCT-0DCCT-255|
               uint16, required"
         PID="uint13, required"
         version_number="uint5, required"
         number_bytes="uint32, required">
    <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>
  </table>

</MGT>

D.5.7. Rating Region Table (RRT)

Defined by ATSC in [ATSC-A65].

<RRT version="uint5, default=0"
     protocol_version="uint8, default=0"
     rating_region="uint8, required">

  <!-- Optional ATSC multiple_string_structure() containing one or more strings -->
  <rating_region_name>
    <string language="char3, required" text="string, required"/>
  </rating_region_name>

  <!-- One per dimension -->
  <dimension graduated_scale="bool, required">

    <!-- Optional ATSC multiple_string_structure() containing one or more strings -->
    <dimension_name>
      <string language="char3, required" text="string, required"/>
    </dimension_name>

    <!-- One per rating value -->
    <value>

      <!-- Optional ATSC multiple_string_structure() containing one or more strings -->
      <abbrev_rating_value>
        <string language="char3, required" text="string, required"/>
      </abbrev_rating_value>

      <!-- Optional ATSC multiple_string_structure() containing one or more strings -->
      <rating_value>
        <string language="char3, required" text="string, required"/>
      </rating_value>

    </value>

  </dimension>

  <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

</RRT>

D.5.8. System Time Table (STT)

Defined by ATSC in [ATSC-A65].

<STT protocol_version="uint8, default=0"
     system_time="uint32, required"
     GPS_UTC_offset="uint8, required"
     DS_status="bool, required"
     DS_day_of_month="uint5, default=0"
     DS_hour="uint8, default=0">

  <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

</STT>

D.5.9. Terrestrial Virtual Channel Table (TVCT)

Defined by ATSC in [ATSC-A65].

<TVCT version="uint5, default=0"
      current="bool, default=true"
      protocol_version="uint8, default=0"
      transport_stream_id="uint16, required">

  <!-- Common descriptors loop -->
  <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

  <!-- One per channel -->
  <channel short_name="string, required"
           major_channel_number="uint10, required"
           minor_channel_number="uint10, required"
           modulation_mode="analog|64-QAM|256-QAM|8-VSB|16-VSB|uint8, required"
           carrier_frequency="uint32, default=0"
           channel_TSID="uint16, required"
           program_number="uint16, required"
           ETM_location="uint2, default=0"
           access_controlled="bool, default=false"
           hidden="bool, default=false"
           hide_guide="bool, default=false"
           service_type="analog|dtv|audio|data|software|uint6, default=dtv"
           source_id="uint16, required">
    <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>
  </channel>

</TVCT>

D.6. ISDB-defined tables

D.6.1. Broadcaster Information Table (BIT)

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10].

<BIT version="uint5, default=0"
     current="bool, default=true"
     original_network_id="uint16, required"
     broadcast_view_propriety="bool, required">

  <!-- Common descriptors loop -->
  <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

  <!-- One per broadcaster -->
  <broadcaster broadcaster_id="uint8, required">
    <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>
  </broadcaster>

</BIT>

D.6.2. Common Data Table (CDT)

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B21].

<CDT version="uint5, default=0"
     current="bool, default=true"
     download_data_id="uint16, required"
     original_network_id="uint16, required"
     data_type="uint8, required">

  <!-- Common descriptors loop -->
  <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

  <data_module>
    Hexadecimal content
  </data_module>

</CDT>

D.6.3. Download Control Table (DCT)

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B16].

<DCT version="uint5, default=0"
     current="bool, default=true"
     network_id="uint16, required"
     transmission_rate="uint8, required">

  <!-- One per transport stream containing downloads -->
  <transport_stream
      id="uint16, required"
      DL_PID="uint13, required"
      ECM_PID="uint13, default=0x1FFF">

    <!-- One per receiver model and software -->
    <model
        maker_id="uint8, required"
        model_id="uint8, required"
        version_id="uint8, required"
        DLT_size="uint8, required"/>

  </transport_stream>

</DCT>

D.6.4. DownLoad Table (DLT)

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B16].

This is an unversioned single-section short section. The section number and count are extended to 16 bits by ARIB. A CRC-32 is automatically inserted in the section (just like a TOT for instance).

<DLT maker_id="uint8, required"
     model_id="uint8, required"
     version_id="uint8, required"
     Lsection_number="uint16, required"
     last_Lsection_number="uint16, required">

  <model_info>
    Hexadecimal content.
    Final block contains exactly 145 bytes.
    Padded with FF is less bytes are provided.
  </model_info>

  <code_data>
    Hexadecimal content.
    Final block contains exactly 2048 bytes.
    Padded with FF is less bytes are provided.
  </code_data>

</DLT>

D.6.5. Event Relation Table (ERT)

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10].

<ERT version="uint5, default=0"
     current="bool, default=true"
     event_relation_id="uint16, required"
     information_provider_id="uint16, required"
     relation_type="uint4, required">

  <!-- One per event relation -->
  <relation
      node_id="uint16, required"
      collection_mode="uint4, required"
      parent_node_id="uint16, required"
      reference_number="uint8, required">
    <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>
  </relation>

</ERT>

D.6.6. Index Transmission information Table (ITT)

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10].

<ITT version="uint5, default=0"
     current="bool, default=true"
     event_id="uint16, required">

  <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

</ITT>

D.6.7. Linked Description Table (LDT)

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10].

<LDT version="uint5, default=0"
     current="bool, default=true"
     original_service_id="uint16, required"
     transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
     original_network_id="uint16, required">

  <!-- One per description -->
  <description description_id="uint16, required">
    <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>
  </description>

</LDT>

D.6.8. Local event Information Table (LIT)

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10].

<LIT version="uint5, default=0"
     current="bool, default=true"
     event_id="uint16, required"
     service_id="uint16, required"
     transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
     original_network_id="uint16, required">

  <!-- One per local event -->
  <event local_event_id="uint16, required">
    <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>
  </event>

</LIT>

D.6.9. Network Board Information Table (NBIT)

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10].

<NBIT version="uint5, default=0"
      current="bool, default=true"
      original_network_id="uint16, required"
      body="bool, default=true">

  <!-- One per information set -->
  <information
      information_id="uint16, required"
      information_type="uint4, required"
      description_body_location="uint2, required"
      user_defined="uint8, default=0xFF">

    <!-- One per key_id entry -->
    <key id="uint16, required"/>
    <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

  </information>

</NBIT>

The attribute body indicates if the NBIT carries actual information body (table id 0xC5 when true) or reference to information (table id 0xC6 when false).

D.6.10. Partial Content Announcement Table (PCAT)

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10].

<PCAT version="uint5, default=0"
      current="bool, default=true"
      service_id="uint16, required"
      transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
      original_network_id="uint16, required"
      content_id="uint32, required">

  <!-- One per content version -->
  <version content_version="uint16, required"
           content_minor_version="uint16, required"
           version_indicator="uint2, required">

    <!-- One per schedule entry -->
    <schedule start_time="YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss, required"
              duration="hh:mm:ss, required"/>

    <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

  </version>

</PCAT>

D.6.11. Software Download Trigger Table (SDTT)

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B21].

<SDTT version="uint5, default=0"
      current="bool, default=true"
      table_id_ext="uint16, required"
      transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
      original_network_id="uint16, required"
      service_id="uint16, required">

  <!-- One per download content -->
  <content
      group="uint4, required"
      target_version="uint12, required"
      new_version="uint12, required"
      download_level="uint2, required"
      version_indicator="uint2, required"
      schedule_timeshift_information="uint4, required">

    <!-- One per schedule period -->
    <schedule
        start_time="YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss, required"
        duration="hh:mm:ss, required"/>

    <DESCRIPTOR_LIST>

  </content>

</SDTT>

D.7. MPEG-defined descriptors

D.7.1. af_extensions_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<af_extensions_descriptor/>

D.7.2. association_tag_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-6].

<association_tag_descriptor
    association_tag="uint16, required"
    use="uint16, required">
  <selector_bytes>
    Hexadecimal content
  </selector_bytes>
  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>
</association_tag_descriptor>

D.7.3. audio_stream_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<audio_stream_descriptor
    free_format="bool, required"
    ID="uint1, required"
    layer="uint2, required"
    variable_rate_audio="bool, required"/>

D.7.4. auxiliary_video_stream_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<auxiliary_video_stream_descriptor aux_video_codedstreamtype="uint8, required">

  <si_message payload_type="uint32, required">
    <generic_params
      aux_is_bottom_field="bool, optional"
      aux_is_interlaced="bool, optional"
      position_offset_h="uint8, required"
      position_offset_v="uint8, required"/>
    <depth_params
      kfar_numerator="uint8, required"
      knear_numerator="uint8, required"/>
    <parallax_params
      parallax_zero="uint16, required"
      parallax_scale="uint16, required"
      dref="uint16, required"
      wref="uint16, required"/>
    <reserved_si_message>
      Hexadecimal content
    </reserved_si_message>
  </si_message>

</auxiliary_video_stream_descriptor>

D.7.5. AVC_timing_and_HRD_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<AVC_timing_and_HRD_descriptor
    hrd_management_valid="bool, required"
    N="uint32, optional"
    K="uint32, optional"
    num_units_in_tick="uint32, optional"
    fixed_frame_rate="bool, required"
    temporal_poc="bool, required"
    picture_to_display_conversion="bool, required"/>

D.7.6. AVC_video_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<AVC_video_descriptor
    profile_idc="uint8, required"
    constraint_set0="bool, required"
    constraint_set1="bool, required"
    constraint_set2="bool, required"
    constraint_set3="bool, default=false"
    constraint_set4="bool, default=false"
    constraint_set5="bool, default=false"
    AVC_compatible_flags="uint2, required"
    level_idc="uint8, required"
    AVC_still_present="bool, required"
    AVC_24_hour_picture="bool, required"
    frame_packing_SEI_not_present="bool, default=false"/>

D.7.7. CA_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<CA_descriptor CA_system_id="uint16, required" CA_PID="uint13, required">
  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>
</CA_descriptor>

D.7.8. carousel_identifier_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-6].

<carousel_identifier_descriptor carousel_id="uint32, required">
  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>
</carousel_identifier_descriptor>

D.7.9. content_labelling_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<content_labelling_descriptor
    metadata_application_format="uint16, required"
    metadata_application_format_identifier="uint32, optional"
    content_time_base_indicator="uint4, required"
    content_time_base_value="uint33, optional"
    metadata_time_base_value="uint33, optional"
    content_id="uint7, optional">

  <content_reference_id>
    Hexadecimal content
  </content_reference_id>

  <time_base_association_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </time_base_association_data>

  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>

</content_labelling_descriptor>

D.7.10. copyright_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<copyright_descriptor copyright_identifier="uint32, required">
  <additional_copyright_info>
    Hexadecimal content (optional element)
  </additional_copyright_info>
</copyright_descriptor>

D.7.11. data_stream_alignment_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<data_stream_alignment_descriptor alignment_type="uint8, required"/>

D.7.12. deferred_association_tags_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-6].

<deferred_association_tags_descriptor
    transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
    program_number="uint16, required">
  <!-- One per association tag -->
  <association tag="uint16, required"/>
  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>
</deferred_association_tags_descriptor>

D.7.13. EVC_timing_and_HRD_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<EVC_timing_and_HRD_descriptor
    hrd_management_valid="bool, required"
    N="uint32, optional"
    K="uint32, optional"
    num_units_in_tick="uint32, optional"/>

D.7.14. EVC_video_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<EVC_video_descriptor
    profile_idc="uint8, required"
    level_idc="uint8, required"
    toolset_idc_h="uint32, required"
    toolset_idc_l="uint32, required"
    progressive_source_flag="bool, required"
    interlaced_source_flag="bool, required"
    non_packed_constraint_flag="bool, required"
    frame_only_constraint_flag="bool, required"
    EVC_still_present_flag="bool, required"
    EVC_24hr_picture_present_flag="bool, required"
    HDR_WCG_idc="uint2, default=3"
    video_properties_tag="uint4, default=0"
    temporal_id_min="uint3, optional, specify both min and max or none"
    temporal_id_max="uint3, optional, specify both min and max or none"/>

D.7.15. external_ES_ID_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<external_ES_ID_descriptor external_ES_ID="uint16, required"/>

D.7.16. FMC_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<FMC_descriptor>
  <!-- One per SL_packetized stream -->
  <stream ES_ID="uint16, required" M4MuxChannel="uint8, required"/>
</FMC_descriptor>

D.7.17. green_extension_descriptor>

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<green_extension_descriptor>

  <!-- One per time interval -->
  <constant_backlight_voltage_time_interval value="uint16, required"/>

  <!-- One per variation -->
  <max_variation value="uint16, required"/>

</green_extension_descriptor>

D.7.18. HEVC_hierarchy_extension_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<HEVC_hierarchy_extension_descriptor
    extension_dimension_bits="uint16, required"
    hierarchy_layer_index="uint6, required"
    temporal_id="uint3, required"
    nuh_layer_id="uint6, required"
    tref_present="bool, required"
    hierarchy_channel="uint6, required">

  <!-- One per embedded layer -->
  <embedded_layer hierarchy_layer_index="uint6, required"/>

</HEVC_hierarchy_extension_descriptor>

D.7.19. HEVC_operation_point_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<HEVC_operation_point_descriptor>

  <profile_tier_level_info>
    Hexadecimal Content
  </profile_tier_level_info>

  <operation_point
      target_ols="uint8, required"
      constant_frame_rate_info_idc="uint2, required"
      applicable_temporal_id="uint3, required"
      frame_rate_indicator="uint12, default=0"
      avg_bit_rate="uint24, default=0"
      max_bit_rate="uint24, default=0">
    <ES
        prepend_dependencies="bool, required"
        ES_reference="uint6, required"/>
    <ESinOP
        necessary_layer="bool, required"
        output_layer="bool, required"
        ptl_ref_idx="uint6, required"/>
  </operation_point>

</HEVC_operation_point_descriptor>

D.7.20. HEVC_subregion_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<HEVC_subregion_descriptor
    SubstreamIDsPerLine="uint7, required"
    TotalSubstreamIDs="uint8, required"
    LevelFullPanorama="uint8, required">

  <SubregionLayout
      PreambleSubstreamID="uint7, optional"
      Level="uint8, required"
      PictureSizeHor="uint16, required"
      PictureSizeVer="uint16, required">

    <Pattern>
      <Substream offset="int8, required"/>
    </Pattern>

  </SubregionLayout>

</HEVC_subregion_descriptor>

D.7.21. HEVC_tile_substream_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

Either one single Reference element or multiple Substream elements can be present (or none).

<HEVC_tile_substream_descriptor
    SubstreamID="uint7, required">

  <Reference
      PreambleFlag="uint1, required"
      PatternReference="uint7, required"/>

  <Substream
      Flag="uint1, required"
      AdditionalSubstreamID="uint7, required"/>

</HEVC_tile_substream_descriptor>

D.7.22. HEVC_timing_and_HRD_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<HEVC_timing_and_HRD_descriptor
    hrd_management_valid="bool, required"
    target_schedule_idx="uint5, optional"
    N="uint32, optional, specify both N and K or none"
    K="uint32, optional, specify both N and K or none"
    num_units_in_tick="uint32, optional"/>

D.7.23. HEVC_video_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<HEVC_video_descriptor
    profile_space="uint2, required"
    tier_flag="bool, required"
    profile_idc="uint5, required"
    profile_compatibility_indication="uint32, required"
    progressive_source_flag="bool, required"
    interlaced_source_flag="bool, required"
    non_packed_constraint_flag="bool, required"
    frame_only_constraint_flag="bool, required"
    copied_44bits="uint44, default=0"
    reserved_zero_44bits="uint44, default=0"
    level_idc="uint8, required"
    HEVC_still_present_flag="bool, required"
    HEVC_24hr_picture_present_flag="bool, required"
    sub_pic_hrd_params_not_present="bool, default=true"
    HDR_WCG_idc="uint2, default=3"
    temporal_id_min="uint3, optional, specify both min and max or none"
    temporal_id_max="uint3, optional, specify both min and max or none"/>

Note: The attributes reserved_zero_44bits and copied_44bits are identical. The former is the original name in amendment 3 of [ISO-13818-1] and the latter is the new name when the amendment was integrated in [ISO-13818-1]. Both attributes are optional but only one shall be specified.

D.7.24. hierarchy_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<hierarchy_descriptor
    no_view_scalability_flag="bool, default=true"
    no_temporal_scalability="bool, default=true"
    no_spatial_scalability="bool, default=true"
    no_quality_scalability="bool, default=true"
    hierarchy_type="uint4, required"
    hierarchy_layer_index="uint6, required"
    tref_present="bool, required"
    hierarchy_embedded_layer_index="uint6, required"
    hierarchy_channel="uint6, required"/>

D.7.25. IBP_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<IBP_descriptor
    closed_gop="bool, required"
    identical_gop="bool, required"
    max_gop_length="uint14, required"/>

D.7.26. IOD_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

The InitialObjectDescriptor structure is defined in [ISO-14496-1]. Currently, it can only be represented as a binary blob in hexadecimal characters. Some future version may be able to describe the internal structure of this data block.

<IOD_descriptor Scope_of_IOD_label="uint8, required" IOD_label="uint8, required">

  <!-- Binary structure as defined in 8.6.3.1 of ISO/IEC 14496-1 -->
  <InitialObjectDescriptor>
    Hexadecimal content
  </InitialObjectDescriptor>

</IOD_descriptor>

D.7.27. ISO_639_language_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<ISO_639_language_descriptor>
  <!-- One per language -->
  <language code="char3, required" audio_type="uint8, required"/>
</ISO_639_language_descriptor>

D.7.28. J2K_video_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<J2K_video_descriptor
    profile_and_level="uint15, required"
    horizontal_size="uint32, required"
    vertical_size="uint32, required"
    max_bit_rate="uint32, required"
    max_buffer_size="uint32, required"
    DEN_frame_rate="uint16, required"
    NUM_frame_rate="uint16, required"
    color_specification="uint8, required when extended_capability_flag == false"
    still_mode="bool, required"
    interlaced_video="bool, required"
    colour_primaries="uint8, required when extended_capability_flag == true"
    transfer_characteristics="uint8, required when extended_capability_flag == true"
    matrix_coefficients="uint8, required when extended_capability_flag == true"
    video_full_range_flag="bool, required when extended_capability_flag == true">

  <stripe
    strp_max_idx="uint8, required"
    strp_height="uint16, required"/>

  <block
    full_horizontal_size="uint32, required"
    full_vertical_size="uint32, required"
    blk_width="uint16, required"
    blk_height="uint16, required"
    max_blk_idx_h="uint8, required"
    max_blk_idx_v="uint8, required"
    blk_idx_h="uint8, required"
    blk_idx_v="uint8, required"/>

  <!-- one element allowed when extended_capability_flag == true -->
  <mdm
    X_c0="uint16, required"
    Y_c0="uint16, required"
    X_c1="uint16, required"
    Y_c1="uint16, required"
    X_c2="uint16, required"
    Y_c2="uint16, required"
    X_wp="uint16, required"
    Y_wp="uint16, required"
    L_max="uint32, required"
    L_min="uint32, required"
    MaxCLL="uint16, required"
    MaxFALL="uint16, required"/>

  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>

</J2K_video_descriptor>

D.7.29. JPEG_XS_video_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<JPEG_XS_video_descriptor
    descriptor_version="uint8, required"
    horizontal_size="uint16, required"
    vertical_size="uint16, required"
    brat="uint32, required"
    interlace_mode = "uint2, required"
    framerate_DEN="1|1.001, required"
    framerate_NUM="uint16, required"
    sample_bitdepth="uint4, together with sampling_structure"
    sampling_structure="uint4, together with bit_depth"
    Ppih="unit16, required"
    level="uint8, required"
    sublevel="uint8, required"
    max_buffer_size="uint32, required"
    buffer_model_type="uint8, required"
    colour_primaries="unit8, required"
    transfer_characteristics="unit8, required"
    matrix_coefficients="unit8, required"
    video_full_range_flag="bool, required"
    still_mode="bool, required">

  <mdm
    X_c0="uint16, required"
    Y_c0="uint16, required"
    X_c1="uint16, required"
    Y_c1="uint16, required"
    X_c2="uint16, required"
    Y_c2="uint16, required"
    X_wp="uint16, required"
    Y_wp="uint16, required"
    L_max="uint32, required"
    L_min="uint32, required"
    MaxCLL="uint16, required"
    MaxFALL="uint16, required"/>

  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>

</JPEG_XS_video_descriptor>

D.7.30. LCEVC_linkage_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<LCEVC_linkage_descriptor>

  <lcevc_stream_tag>
    Hexadecimal content
  </lcevc_stream_tag>

</LCEVC_linkage_descriptor>

D.7.31. LCEVC_video_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<LCEVC_video_descriptor
    lcevc_stream_tag="uint8, required"
    profile_idc="uint4, required"
    level_idc="uint4, required"
    sublevel_idc="uint2, required"
    processed_planes_type_flag="bool, required"
    picture_type_bit_flag="bool, required"
    field_type_bit_flag="bool, required"
    HDR_WCG_idc="uint2, default=3"
    video_properties_tag="uint4, default=0"/>

D.7.32. M4MuxBufferSize_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<M4MuxBufferSize_descriptor>

  <!-- always required -->
  <DefaultM4MuxBufferDescriptor
      m4MuxChannel="uint8, required"
      FB_BufferSize="uint24, required"/>

  <!-- 0..n -->
  <M4MuxBufferDescriptor
      m4MuxChannel="uint8, required"
      FB_BufferSize="uint24, required"/>

</M4MuxBufferSize_descriptor>

D.7.33. m4mux_timing_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<m4mux_timing_descriptor
    FCR_ES_ID="uint16, required"
    FCRResolution="uint32, required"
    FCRLength="uint8, required"
    FmxRateLength="uint8, required"/>

D.7.34. maximum_bitrate_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<maximum_bitrate_descriptor maximum_bitrate="uint32, in bits/second, required"/>

D.7.35. Media_service_kind_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<Media_service_kind_descriptor>

  <media_service_kind
      media_description="self|associate, required"
      media_type="unknown|video|audio|text/data, required"
      ID_length_code="uint3, optional"
      ID_type="uint13, optional"
      ID_len="uint8, optional"
      media_ID="string, optional">

    <language_media_pair
        configuration_type="uint2, required"
        lang_len_idc="uint2, required"
        lang_len="uint8, optional"
        BCP47_language_code="string, required">

      <media_service_type purpose="uint8, required"/>

    </language_media_pair>
  </Media_service_kind>
</Media_service_kind_descriptor>

D.7.36. metadata_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<metadata_descriptor
    metadata_application_format="uint16, required"
    metadata_application_format_identifier="uint32, optional"
    metadata_format="uint8, required"
    metadata_format_identifier="uint32, optional"
    metadata_service_id="uint8, required"
    decoder_config_flags="uint3, required"
    decoder_config_metadata_service_id="uint8, optional">

  <service_identification>
    Hexadecimal content
  </service_identification>

  <decoder_config>
    Hexadecimal content
  </decoder_config>

  <dec_config_identification>
    Hexadecimal content
  </dec_config_identification>

  <reserved_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </reserved_data>

  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>

</metadata_descriptor>

D.7.37. metadata_pointer_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<metadata_pointer_descriptor
    metadata_application_format="uint16, required"
    metadata_application_format_identifier="uint32, optional"
    metadata_format="uint8, required"
    metadata_format_identifier="uint32, optional"
    metadata_service_id="uint8, required"
    MPEG_carriage_flags="uint2, required"
    program_number="uint16, optional"
    transport_stream_location="uint16, optional"
    transport_stream_id="uint16, optional">

  <metadata_locator>
    Hexadecimal content
  </metadata_locator>

  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>

</metadata_pointer_descriptor>

D.7.38. metadata_STD_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<metadata_STD_descriptor
    metadata_input_leak_rate="uint22, required"
    metadata_buffer_size="uint22, required"
    metadata_output_leak_rate="uint22, required"/>

D.7.39. MPEG2_AAC_audio_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<MPEG2_AAC_audio_descriptor
    MPEG2_AAC_profile="uint8, required"
    MPEG2_AAC_channel_configuration="uint8, required"
    MPEG2_AAC_additional_information="uint8, required"/>

D.7.40. MPEG2_stereoscopic_video_format_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<MPEG2_stereoscopic_video_format_descriptor arrangement_type="uint7, optional"/>

D.7.41. MPEG4_audio_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<MPEG4_audio_descriptor MPEG4_audio_profile_and_level="uint8, required"/>

D.7.42. MPEG4_audio_extension_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

The audioSpecificConfig structure is defined in [ISO-14496-3]. Currently, it can only be represented as a binary blob in hexadecimal characters. Some future version may be able to describe the internal structure of this data block.

<MPEG4_audio_extension_descriptor>

  <!-- Up to 15 audioProfileLevelIndication values -->
  <audioProfileLevelIndication value="uint8, required"/>

  <!-- Binary structure as defined in 1.6.2.1 in ISO/IEC 14496-3 -->
  <audioSpecificConfig>
    Hexadecimal content
  </audioSpecificConfig>

</MPEG4_audio_extension_descriptor>

D.7.43. MPEG4_text_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<MPEG4_text_descriptor
    textFormat="uint8, required"
    ThreeGPPBaseFormat="uint8, required"
    profileLevel="uint8, required"
    durationClock="uint24, required"
    sampleDescriptionFlags="uint2, required"
    layer="uint8, required"
    text_track_width="uint16, required"
    text_track_height="uint16, required"
    scene_width="uint16, optional"
    scene_height="uint16, optional"
    horizontal_scene_offset="uint16, optional"
    vertical_scene_offset="uint16, optional">

  <Compatible_3GPPFormat value="uint8, required"/>

  <Sample_index_and_description
      sample_index="uint8, required"
      textFormat="uint8, required">
    Hexadecimal Content
  </Sample_index_and_description>

</MPEG4_text_descriptor>

D.7.44. MPEG4_video_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<MPEG4_video_descriptor MPEG4_visual_profile_and_level="uint8, required"/>

D.7.45. MPEGH_3D_audio_command_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

The MHAS structure is a MHAS packet of the type PACTYP_USERINTERACTION as defined in [ISO-23008-3]. Currently, it can only be represented as a binary blob in hexadecimal characters. Some future version may be able to describe the internal structure of this data block.

<MPEGH_3D_audio_command_descriptor>
  <MHAS>
    Hexadecimal content
  </MHAS>
</MPEGH_3D_audio_command_descriptor>

D.7.46. MPEGH_3D_audio_config_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

The mpegh3daConfig structure is defined in [ISO-23008-3]. Currently, it can only be represented as a binary blob in hexadecimal characters. Some future version may be able to describe the internal structure of this data block.

<MPEGH_3D_audio_config_descriptor>
  <mpegh3daConfig>
    Hexadecimal content
  </mpegh3daConfig>
</MPEGH_3D_audio_config_descriptor>

D.7.47. MPEGH_3D_audio_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<MPEGH_3D_audio_descriptor
    mpegh_3da_profile_level_indication="uint8, required"
    interactivity_enabled="bool, required"
    reference_channel_layout="uint6, required">

  <reserved>
    Hexadecimal content
  </reserved>

</MPEGH_3D_audio_descriptor>

D.7.48. MPEGH_3D_audio_drc_loudness_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<MPEGH_3D_audio_drc_loudness_descriptor>

  <!-- Any number of drcInstructionsUniDrc -->
  <drcInstructionsUniDrc
      drcInstructionsType="uint2, required"
      mae_groupID="uint7, required when drcInstructionsType == 2"
      mae_groupPresetID="uint5, required when drcInstructionsType == 3"
      drcSetId="uint6, required"
      downmixId="uint7, required"
      drcSetEffect="uint16, required"
      bsLimiterPeakTarget="uint8, optional"
      bsDrcSetTargetLoudnessValueUpper="uint6, optional (required when bsDrcSetTargetLoudnessValueLower is set)"
      bsDrcSetTargetLoudnessValueLower="uint6, optional"
      dependsOnDrcSet="uint6, required"
      noIndependentUse="bool, required when dependsOnDrcSet == 0">

    <!-- Any number of additionalDownmixId -->
    <additionalDownmixId value="uint7, required"/>

  </drcInstructionsUniDrc>

  <!-- Any number of loudnessInfo -->
  <loudnessInfo
      loudnessInfoType="uint2, required"
      mae_groupID="uint7, required when loudnessInfoType == 1 || loudnessInfoType == 2"
      mae_groupPresetID="uint5, required when loudnessInfoType == 3">

    <!-- loudnessInfo() structure as defined in ISO/IEC 23003-4 -->
    <loudnessInfo>
      Hexadecimal content
    </loudnessInfo>

  </loudnessInfo>

  <!-- Any number of downmixId -->
  <downmixId
      downmixId="uint7, required"
      downmixType="uint2, required"
      CICPspeakerLayoutIdx="uint6, required"/>

  <!-- At most one -->
  <reserved>
    Hexadecimal content
  </reserved>

</MPEGH_3D_audio_drc_loudness_descriptor>>

D.7.49. MPEGH_3D_audio_multi_stream_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<MPEGH_3D_audio_multi_stream_descriptor
    this_is_main_stream="bool, required"
    this_stream_id="uint7, required"
    num_auxiliary_streams="uint7, optional">

  <!-- One per group -->
  <mae_group
      mae_group_id="uint7, required"
      is_in_main_stream="bool, required"
      is_in_ts="bool, optional"
      auxiliary_stream_id="uint7, optional"/>

  <CompatibleSetIndication>
    Hexadecimal content
  </CompatibleSetIndication>

  <reserved>
    Hexadecimal content
  </reserved>

</MPEGH_3D_audio_multi_stream_descriptor>

D.7.50. MPEGH_3D_audio_scene_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<MPEGH_3D_audio_scene_descriptor sceneID="uint8, required">

  <!-- up to 127 interactivity groups -->
  <InteractivityGroup
    groupID="uint7, required"
    allowOnOff="bool, required"
    defaultOnOff="bool, required"
    contentKind="uint4, required"
    contentLanguage="char3, optional">

    <PositionInteractivity
      azimuthOffsetMin="uint7, required"
      azimuthOffsetMax="uint7, required"
      elevationOffsetMin="uint5, required"
      elevationOffsetMax="uint5, required"
      distanceOffsetMin="uint4, required"
      distanceOffsetMax="uint4, required"/>

    <GainInteractivity
      interactivityGainMin="uint6, required"
      interactivityGainMax="uint5, required"/>

  </InteractivityGroup>

  <!-- up to 31 switch groups -->
  <SwitchGroup
    switchGroupID="uint5, required"
    switchGroupAllowOnOff="bool, required"
    switchGroupDefaultOnOff="bool, required"
    switchGroupDefaultGroupID="uint7, required">

    <!-- required -->
    <SwitchGroupMembers>
      7bit Hexadecimal content, 1 to 32 values
    </SwitchGroupMembers>

  </SwitchGroup>

  <!-- up to 31 preset groups -->
  <PresetGroup
    groupPresetID="uint5, required"
    groupPresetKind="uint4, required">

    <!-- 1 to 16 preset conditions -->
    <PresetConditions
      groupPresetReferenceID="uint7, required"
      groupPresetDisableGainInteractivity="bool,
          required in groupPresetConditionOnOff=true group"
      groupPresetDisablePositionInteractivity="bool,
          required in groupPresetConditionOnOff=true group"
      groupPresetGain="uint8,
          optional in groupPresetConditionOnOff=true group"
      groupPresetAzOffset="uint8,
          optional in groupPresetConditionOnOff=true group -
          must be specified with groupPresetElOffset and groupPresetDistFactor"
      groupPresetElOffset="uint6,
          optional in groupPresetConditionOnOff=true group -
          must be specified with groupPresetAzOffset and groupPresetDistFactor"
      groupPresetDistFactor="uint4,
          optional in groupPresetConditionOnOff=true group -
          must be specified with groupPresetAzOffset and groupPresetElOffset"/>
  </PresetGroup>

  <reserved>
    Hexadecimal content
  </reserved>

</MPEGH_3D_audio_scene_descriptor>

D.7.51. MPEGH_3D_audio_text_label_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<MPEGH_3D_audio_text_label_descriptor
    _3dAudioSceneInfoID="uint8, required"
    numReservedBytes="uint16, optional">

  <DescriptionLanguage descriptionLanguage="char3, required">

    <GroupDescription
        mae_descriptionGroupID="uint7, required"
        groupDescription="string, required"/>

    <SwitchGroupDescription
        mae_descriptionSwitchGroupID="uint5, required"
        switchGroupDescription="string, required"/>

    <GroupPresetDescription
        mae_descriptionGroupPresetID="uint5, required"
        groupPresetDescription="string, required"/>

  </DescriptionLanguage>

</MPEGH_3D_audio_text_label_descriptor>

D.7.52. multiplex_buffer_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<multiplex_buffer_descriptor
    MB_buffer_size="uint24, required"
    TB_leak_rate="uint24, required"/>

D.7.53. multiplex_buffer_utilization_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

The two attributes must be both present or both absent.

<multiplex_buffer_utilization_descriptor
    LTW_offset_lower_bound="uint15, optional"
    LTW_offset_upper_bound="uint15, optional"/>

D.7.54. MuxCode_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<MuxCode_descriptor>

  <MuxCodeEntry
      MuxCode="uint4, required"
      version="uint4, required">

    <substructure repetitionCount="uint3, required">
      <slot m4MuxChannel="uint8, required"
            numberOfBytes="uint8, required"/>
    </substructure>

  </MuxCodeEntry>

</MuxCode_descriptor>

D.7.55. MVC_extension_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<MVC_extension_descriptor
    average_bitrate="uint16, required"
    maximum_bitrate="uint16, required"
    view_association_not_present="bool, required"
    base_view_is_left_eyeview="bool, required"
    view_order_index_min="uint10, required"
    view_order_index_max="uint10, required"
    temporal_id_start="uint3, required"
    temporal_id_end="uint3, required"
    no_sei_nal_unit_present="bool, required"
    no_prefix_nal_unit_present="bool, required"/>

D.7.56. MVC_operation_point_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<MVC_operation_point_descriptor
    profile_idc="uint8, required"
    constraint_set0="bool, required"
    constraint_set1="bool, required"
    constraint_set2="bool, required"
    constraint_set3="bool, required"
    constraint_set4="bool, required"
    constraint_set5="bool, required"
    AVC_compatible_flags="uint2, required">

  <!-- One per level -->
  <level level_idc="uint8, required">
    <operation_point
        applicable_temporal_id="uint3, required"
        num_target_output_views="uint8, required">

      <!-- One per ES reference-->
      <ES reference="uint6, required"/>

    </operation_point>
  </level>

</MVC_operation_point_descriptor>

D.7.57. NPT_endpoint_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-6].

<NPT_endpoint_descriptor
    start_NPT="uint33, required"
    stop_NPT="uint33, required"/>

D.7.58. NPT_reference_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-6].

<NPT_reference_descriptor
    post_discontinuity="bool, default=false"
    content_id="uint7, default=0x7F"
    STC_reference="uint33, required"
    NPT_reference="uint33, required"
    scale_numerator="uint16, required"
    scale_denominator="uint16, required"/>

D.7.59. private_data_indicator_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<private_data_indicator_descriptor private_data_indicator="uint32, required"/>

D.7.60. quality_extension_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<quality_extension_descriptor field_size_bytes="uint8, required">

  <!-- between 1 and 255 metric codes to be provied (although only 7 are defined) -->
  <metric code="uint32, required"/>

</quality_extension_descriptor>

D.7.61. registration_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<registration_descriptor format_identifier="uint32, required">
  <additional_identification_info>
    Hexadecimal content (optional element)
  </additional_identification_info>
</registration_descriptor>

D.7.62. SL_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<SL_descriptor ES_ID="uint16, required"/>

D.7.63. smoothing_buffer_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<smoothing_buffer_descriptor
    sb_leak_rate="uint22, required"
    sb_size="uint22, required"/>

D.7.64. STD_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<STD_descriptor leak_valid="bool, required"/>

D.7.65. stereoscopic_program_info_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<stereoscopic_program_info_descriptor stereoscopic_service_type="uint3, required"/>

D.7.66. stereoscopic_video_info_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<stereoscopic_video_info_descriptor
    base_video="bool, required"
    leftview="bool, optional"
    usable_as_2D="bool, optional"
    horizontal_upsampling_factor="uint4, optional"
    vertical_upsampling_factor="uint4, optional"/>

D.7.67. stream_event_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-6].

Note: <private_data> and <private_text> are mutually exclusive. They both define the same private data part, the former using hexadecimal format and the latter ASCII text.

<stream_event_descriptor
    event_id="uint16, required"
    event_NPT="uint33, required">
  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>
  <private_text>
    ASCII string to be used instead of private_data
  </private_text>
</stream_event_descriptor>

D.7.68. stream_mode_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-6].

<stream_mode_descriptor stream_mode="uint8, required"/>

D.7.69. SVC_extension_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<SVC_extension_descriptor
    width="uint16, required"
    height="uint16, required"
    frame_rate="uint16, required"
    average_bitrate="uint16, required"
    maximum_bitrate="uint16, required"
    dependency_id="uint3, required"
    quality_id_start="uint4, required"
    quality_id_end="uint4, required"
    temporal_id_start="uint3, required"
    temporal_id_end="uint3, required"
    no_sei_nal_unit_present="bool, required"/>

D.7.70. system_clock_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<system_clock_descriptor
    external_clock_reference="bool required"
    clock_accuracy_integer="uint6, required"
    clock_accuracy_exponent="uint3, required"/>

D.7.71. target_background_grid_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<target_background_grid_descriptor
    horizontal_size="uint14, required"
    vertical_size="uint14, required"
    aspect_ratio_information="uint4, required"/>

D.7.72. transport_profile_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<transport_profile_descriptor transport_profile="uint8, required">
  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>
</transport_profile_descriptor>

D.7.73. video_stream_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<video_stream_descriptor
    multiple_frame_rate="bool, required"
    frame_rate_code="uint4, required"
    MPEG_1_only="bool, required"
    constrained_parameter="bool, required"
    still_picture="bool, required"
    profile_and_level_indication="uint8, required when MPEG_1_only='false'"
    chroma_format="uint2, required when MPEG_1_only='false'"
    frame_rate_extension="bool, required when MPEG_1_only='false'"/>

D.7.74. video_window_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<video_window_descriptor
    horizontal_offset="uint14, required"
    vertical_offset="uint14, required"
    window_priority="uint4, required"/>

D.7.75. virtual_segmentation_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<virtual_segmentation_descriptor ticks_per_second="uint21, optional">

  <!-- One per partition -->
  <partition
      partition_id="uint3, required"
      SAP_type_max="uint3, required"
      boundary_PID="uint13, optional"
      maximum_duration="uint29, optional"/>

</virtual_segmentation_descriptor>

D.7.76. VVC_timing_and_HRD_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<VVC_timing_and_HRD_descriptor
    hrd_management_valid="bool, required"
    N="uint32, optional"
    K="uint32, optional"
    num_units_in_tick="uint32, optional"/>

D.7.77. VVC_video_descriptor

Defined by MPEG in [ISO-13818-1].

<VVC_video_descriptor
    profile_idc="uint7, required"
    tier_flag="bool, required"
    progressive_source_flag="bool, required"
    interlaced_source_flag="bool, required"
    non_packed_constraint_flag="bool, required"
    frame_only_constraint_flag="bool, required"
    level_idc="uint8, required"
    VVC_still_present_flag="bool, required"
    VVC_24hr_picture_present_flag="bool, required"
    HDR_WCG_idc="uint2, required"
    video_properties_tag="uint4, required"
    temporal_id_min="uint3, optional, specify both min and max or none"
    temporal_id_max="uint3, optional, specify both min and max or none">

  <sub_profile_idc value="uint32, required"/>

</VVC_video_descriptor>

D.8. DVB-defined descriptors

Note that a few descriptors are allowed in specific tables only since they reuse tag values which are otherwise MPEG-reserved [ISO-13818-1]. They cannot be used elsewhere. These restrictions, when applicable, are documented in XML comments for the table-specific descriptor. Such descriptors exist for the AIT [ETSI-102-809], the UNT [ETSI-102-006] and the INT [ETSI-301-192].

D.8.1. AAC_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<AAC_descriptor
    profile_and_level="uint8, required"
    SAOC_DE="bool, default=false"
    AAC_type="uint8, optional">
  <additional_info>
    Hexadecimal content, optional
  </additional_info>
</AAC_descriptor>

D.8.2. AC3_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

Because of the presence of an ATSC version of the AC3_descriptor, the XML name for the DVB version is <DVB_AC3_descriptor>. For compatibility, <AC3_descriptor> is still accepted.

<DVB_AC3_descriptor
    component_type="uint8, optional"
    bsid="uint8, optional"
    mainid="uint8, optional"
    asvc="uint8, optional">
  <additional_info>
    Hexadecimal content, optional
  </additional_info>
</DVB_AC3_descriptor>

D.8.3. AC4_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

Because of the possible introduction of an ATSC version of the AC4_descriptor, the XML name for the DVB version is <DVB_AC4_descriptor>. For compatibility, <AC4_descriptor> is still accepted.

<DVB_AC4_descriptor
    ac4_dialog_enhancement_enabled="bool, optional"
    ac4_channel_mode="uint2, optional">
  <ac4_dsi_toc>
    Hexadecimal content, optional
  </ac4_dsi_toc>
  <additional_info>
    Hexadecimal content, optional
  </additional_info>
</DVB_AC4_descriptor>

D.8.4. adaptation_field_data_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<adaptation_field_data_descriptor adaptation_field_data_identifier="uint8, required"/>

D.8.5. ancillary_data_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<ancillary_data_descriptor ancillary_data_identifier="uint8, required"/>

D.8.6. announcement_support_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

Note that the 16-bit field named announcement_support_indicator is automatically built as a bit-mask from all announcement_type values.

<announcement_support_descriptor>
  <!-- One per announcement type -->
  <announcement
      announcement_type="uint4, required"
      reference_type="uint3, required"
      original_network_id="uint16, optional"
      transport_stream_id="uint16, optional"
      service_id="uint16, optional"
      component_tag="uint8, optional"/>
</announcement_support_descriptor>

D.8.7. application_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-809]. Must be in an AIT (table id 0x74).

<application_descriptor
    service_bound="bool, required"
    visibility="uint2, required"
    application_priority="uint8, required">
  <!-- One per profile -->
  <profile
      application_profile="uint16, required"
      version="string 'major.minor.micro', required"/>
  <!-- One per transport_protocol_label -->
  <transport_protocol label="uint8, required"/>
</application_descriptor>

D.8.8. application_icons_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-809]. Must be in an AIT (table id 0x74).

<application_icons_descriptor
    icon_locator="string, required"
    icon_flags="uint16, required">
  <reserved_future_use>
    Hexadecimal content
  </reserved_future_use>
</application_icons_descriptor>

D.8.9. application_name_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-809] and [ETSI-101-812]. Must be in an AIT (table id 0x74).

<application_name_descriptor>
  <!-- One per language -->
  <language code="char3, required" application_name="string, required"/>
</application_name_descriptor>

D.8.10. application_recording_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-809]. Must be in an AIT (table id 0x74).

<application_recording_descriptor
    scheduled_recording="bool, required"
    trick_mode_aware="bool, required"
    time_shift="bool, required"
    dynamic="bool, required"
    av_synced="bool, required"
    initiating_replay="bool, required">
  <!-- One per label -->
  <label label="string, required" storage_properties="uint2, required"/>
  <!-- One per component tag -->
  <component tag="uint8, required"/>
  <private>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private>
  <reserved_future_use>
    Hexadecimal content
  </reserved_future_use>
</application_recording_descriptor>

D.8.11. application_signalling_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-809].

<application_signalling_descriptor>
  <!-- One per application -->
  <application application_type="uint15, required"
               AIT_version_number="uint5, required"/>
</application_signalling_descriptor>

D.8.12. application_storage_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-809]. Must be in an AIT (table id 0x74).

<application_storage_descriptor
    storage_property="uint8, required"
    not_launchable_from_broadcast="bool, required"
    launchable_completely_from_cache="bool, required"
    is_launchable_with_older_version="bool, required"
    version="uint31, required"
    priority="uint8, required"/>

D.8.13. application_usage_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-809]. Must be in an AIT (table id 0x74).

<application_usage_descriptor usage_type="uint8, required"/>

D.8.14. audio_preselection_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<audio_preselection_descriptor>
  <!-- One entry per preselection, up to 31 preselections -->
  <preselection
      preselection_id="uint5, required"
      audio_rendering_indication="uint3, required"
      audio_description="bool, default=false"
      spoken_subtitles="bool, default=false"
      dialogue_enhancement="bool, default=false"
      interactivity_enabled="bool, default=false"
      ISO_639_language_code="char3, optional"
      message_id="uint8, optional">
    <multi_stream_info>
      <!-- One per auxiliary component, up to 7 components -->
      <component tag="uint8, required"/>
    </multi_stream_info>
    <future_extension>
      Hexadecimal content
    </future_extension>
  </preselection>
</audio_preselection_descriptor>

D.8.15. bouquet_name_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<bouquet_name_descriptor bouquet_name="string, required"/>

D.8.16. C2_bundle_delivery_system_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<C2_bundle_delivery_system_descriptor>
  <!-- One per PLP -->
  <plp plp_id="uint8, required"
       data_slice_id="uint8, required"
       C2_system_tuning_frequency="FrequencyHz, required"
       C2_system_tuning_frequency_type="uint2, required"
       active_OFDM_symbol_duration="uint3, required"
       guard_interval="1/128|1/64|uint3, required"
       master_channel="bool, required"/>
</C2_bundle_delivery_system_descriptor>

D.8.17. C2_delivery_system_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<C2_delivery_system_descriptor
    plp_id="uint8, required"
    data_slice_id="uint8, required"
    C2_system_tuning_frequency="FrequencyHz, required"
    C2_system_tuning_frequency_type="uint2, required"
    active_OFDM_symbol_duration="uint3, required"
    guard_interval="1/128|1/64|uint3, required"/>

D.8.18. cable_delivery_system_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<cable_delivery_system_descriptor
    frequency="FrequencyHz, required"
    FEC_outer="undefined|none|RS, default=RS"
    modulation="auto|16-QAM|32-QAM|64-QAM|128-QAM|256-QAM, default=16-QAM"
    symbol_rate="SymbolsPerSecond, required"
    FEC_inner="undefined|1/2|2/3|3/4|5/6|7/8|8/9|3/5|4/5|9/10|none, required"/>

D.8.19. CA_identifier_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<CA_identifier_descriptor>
  <!-- One per CAS -->
  <CA_system_id value="uint16, required"/>
</CA_identifier_descriptor>

D.8.20. cell_frequency_link_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<cell_frequency_link_descriptor>

  <!-- One per cell -->
  <cell cell_id="uint16, required" frequency="FrequencyHz, required">
    <!-- One per subcell -->
    <subcell cell_id_extension="uint8, required"
             transposer_frequency="FrequencyHz, required"/>
  </cell>

</cell_frequency_link_descriptor>

D.8.21. cell_list_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<cell_list_descriptor>

  <!-- One per cell -->
  <cell cell_id="uint16, required"
        cell_latitude="int16, required"
        cell_longitude="int16, required"
        cell_extent_of_latitude="uint12, required"
        cell_extent_of_longitude="uint12, required">

    <!-- One per subcell -->
    <subcell cell_id_extension="uint8, required"
             subcell_latitude="int16, required"
             subcell_longitude="int16, required"
             subcell_extent_of_latitude="uint12, required"
             subcell_extent_of_longitude="uint12, required"/>
  </cell>

</cell_list_descriptor>

D.8.22. CI_ancillary_data_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<CI_ancillary_data_descriptor>
  <ancillary_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </ancillary_data>
</CI_ancillary_data_descriptor>

D.8.23. component_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<component_descriptor
    stream_content="uint4, required"
    stream_content_ext="uint4, default=0xF"
    component_type="uint8, required"
    component_tag="uint8, default=0"
    language_code="char3, required"
    text="string, optional"/>

D.8.24. content_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<content_descriptor>

  <!-- One per classification -->
  <content content_nibble_level_1="uint4, required"
           content_nibble_level_2="uint4, required"
           user_byte="uint8, required"/>

</content_descriptor>

D.8.25. content_identifier_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-323].

<content_identifier_descriptor>

  <!-- One per CRID -->
  <crid crid_type="uint6, required"
        crid_location="uint2, required"
        crid_ref="uint16, optional"
        crid="string, optional"/>

</content_identifier_descriptor>

D.8.26. country_availability_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<country_availability_descriptor country_availability="bool, required">

  <!-- One per country -->
  <country country_code="char3, required"/>

</country_availability_descriptor>

D.8.27. cpcm_delivery_signalling_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-825-4] and [ETSI-102-825-9].

<cpcm_delivery_signalling_descriptor cpcm_version="uint8, required">

  <cpcm_v1_delivery_signalling
      copy_control="uint3, required"
      do_not_cpcm_scramble="bool, required"
      viewable="bool, required"
      move_local="bool, required"
      move_and_copy_propagation_information="uint2, required"
      view_propagation_information="uint2, required"
      remote_access_record_flag="bool, required"
      export_beyond_trust="bool, required"
      disable_analogue_sd_export="bool, required"
      disable_analogue_sd_consumption="bool, required"
      disable_analogue_hd_export="bool, required"
      disable_analogue_hd_consumption="bool, required"
      image_constraint="bool, required"
      view_window_start="YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss, optional"
      view_window_end="YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss, optional"
      view_period_from_first_playback="uint16, optional"
      simultaneous_view_count="uint8, optional"
      remote_access_delay="uint16, optional"
      remote_access_date="YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss, optional">

    <cps C_and_R_regime_mask="uint8, required">
      Hexadecimal Content
    </cps>

  </cpcm_v1_delivery_signalling>

</cpcm_delivery_signalling_descriptor>

D.8.28. CP_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<CP_descriptor CP_system_id="uint16, required" CP_PID="uint13, required">
  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>
</CP_descriptor>

D.8.29. CP_identifier_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<CP_identifier_descriptor>
  <!-- One per CP system -->
  <CP_system_id value="uint16, required"/>
</CP_identifier_descriptor>

D.8.30. data_broadcast_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<data_broadcast_descriptor
    data_broadcast_id="uint16, required"
    component_tag="uint8, required"
    language_code="char3, required">
  <selector_bytes>Hexadecimal content</selector_bytes>
  <text>String</text>
</data_broadcast_descriptor>

D.8.31. data_broadcast_id_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<data_broadcast_id_descriptor data_broadcast_id="uint16, required">
  <selector_bytes>Hexadecimal content</selector_bytes>
</data_broadcast_id_descriptor>

D.8.32. default_authority_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-323].

<default_authority_descriptor fqdn="string, required"/>

D.8.33. DII_location_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-101-812]. Must be in an AIT (table id 0x74).

<DII_location_descriptor transport_protocol_label="uint8, required">
  <!-- One per module -->
  <module DII_identification="uint15, required" association_tag="uint16, required"/>
</DII_location_descriptor>

D.8.34. DSNG_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468] and [ETSI-301-210].

<DSNG_descriptor station_identification="string, required"/>

D.8.35. DTS_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<DTS_descriptor
    sample_rate_code="uint4, required"
    bit_rate_code="uint6, required"
    nblks="uint7, 0x05 to 0x1F, required"
    fsize="uint14, 0x005F to 0x2000, required"
    surround_mode="uint6, required"
    lfe="bool, default=false"
    extended_surround="uint2, default=0">
  <additional_info>
    Hexadecimal content
  </additional_info>
</DTS_descriptor>

D.8.36. DTS_HD_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<DTS_HD_descriptor>

  <!-- Each substructure is optional and may appear at most once -->

  <substream_core
      channel_count="uint5, required"
      LFE="bool, required"
      sampling_frequency="uint4, required"
      sample_resolution="bool, required">
    <!-- From 1 to 8 asset_info -->
    <asset_info
        asset_construction="uint5, required"
        vbr="bool, required"
        post_encode_br_scaling="bool, required"
        bit_rate="uint13, required"
        component_type="uint8, optional"
        ISO_639_language_code="char3, optional"/>
  </substream_core>

  <substream_0
      channel_count="uint5, required"
      LFE="bool, required"
      sampling_frequency="uint4, required"
      sample_resolution="bool, required">
    <!-- From 1 to 8 asset_info -->
    <asset_info
        asset_construction="uint5, required"
        vbr="bool, required"
        post_encode_br_scaling="bool, required"
        bit_rate="uint13, required"
        component_type="uint8, optional"
        ISO_639_language_code="char3, optional"/>
  </substream_0>

  <substream_1
      channel_count="uint5, required"
      LFE="bool, required"
      sampling_frequency="uint4, required"
      sample_resolution="bool, required">
    <!-- From 1 to 8 asset_info -->
    <asset_info
        asset_construction="uint5, required"
        vbr="bool, required"
        post_encode_br_scaling="bool, required"
        bit_rate="uint13, required"
        component_type="uint8, optional"
        ISO_639_language_code="char3, optional"/>
  </substream_1>

  <substream_2
      channel_count="uint5, required"
      LFE="bool, required"
      sampling_frequency="uint4, required"
      sample_resolution="bool, required">
    <!-- From 1 to 8 asset_info -->
    <asset_info
        asset_construction="uint5, required"
        vbr="bool, required"
        post_encode_br_scaling="bool, required"
        bit_rate="uint13, required"
        component_type="uint8, optional"
        ISO_639_language_code="char3, optional"/>
  </substream_2>

  <substream_3
      channel_count="uint5, required"
      LFE="bool, required"
      sampling_frequency="uint4, required"
      sample_resolution="bool, required">
    <!-- From 1 to 8 asset_info -->
    <asset_info
        asset_construction="uint5, required"
        vbr="bool, required"
        post_encode_br_scaling="bool, required"
        bit_rate="uint13, required"
        component_type="uint8, optional"
        ISO_639_language_code="char3, optional"/>
  </substream_3>

  <additional_info>
    Hexadecimal content
  </additional_info>

</DTS_HD_descriptor>

D.8.37. DTS_neural_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<DTS_neural_descriptor config_id="uint8, required">
  <additional_info>
    Hexadecimal content
  </additional_info>
</DTS_neural_descriptor>

D.8.38. DTS_UHD_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<DTS_UHD_descriptor
    DecoderProfileCode="uint6, required"
    FrameDurationCode="uint2, required"
    MaxPayloadCode="uint2, required"
    StreamIndex="uint3, required">

  <codec_selector>
    Hexadecimal Content
  </codec_selector>

</DTS_UHD_descriptor>

D.8.39. dvb_html_application_boundary_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-101-812]. Must be in an AIT (table id 0x74).

<dvb_html_application_boundary_descriptor
    label="string, required"
    regular_expression="string, required"/>

D.8.40. dvb_html_application_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-101-812]. Must be in an AIT (table id 0x74).

<dvb_html_application_descriptor parameter="string, optional">
  <!-- One per application id: -->
  <application id="uint16, required"/>
</dvb_html_application_descriptor>

D.8.41. dvb_html_application_location_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-101-812]. Must be in an AIT (table id 0x74).

<dvb_html_application_location_descriptor
    physical_root="string, required"
    initial_path="string, required"/>

D.8.42. dvb_j_application_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-101-812]. Must be in an AIT (table id 0x74).

<dvb_j_application_descriptor>
  <!-- One per parameter: -->
  <parameter value="string, required"/>
</dvb_j_application_descriptor>

D.8.43. dvb_j_application_location_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-101-812]. Must be in an AIT (table id 0x74).

<dvb_j_application_location_descriptor
    base_directory="string, required"
    classpath_extension="string, required"
    initial_class="string, required"/>

D.8.44. ECM_repetition_rate_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-301-192].

<ECM_repetition_rate_descriptor
    CA_system_id="uint16, required"
    ECM_repetition_rate="uint16, required">
  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>
</ECM_repetition_rate_descriptor>

D.8.45. enhanced_AC3_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

Because of the presence of an ATSC version of the enhanced_AC3_descriptor, the XML name for the DVB version is <DVB_enhanced_AC3_descriptor>. For compatibility, the previous <enhanced_AC3_descriptor> is still accepted.

<DVB_enhanced_AC3_descriptor
    mixinfoexists="bool, required"
    component_type="uint8, optional"
    bsid="uint8, optional"
    mainid="uint8, optional"
    asvc="uint8, optional"
    substream1="uint8, optional"
    substream2="uint8, optional"
    substream3="uint8, optional">
  <additional_info>
    Hexadecimal content
  </additional_info>
</DVB_enhanced_AC3_descriptor>

D.8.46. extended_event_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<extended_event_descriptor
    descriptor_number="uint8, required"
    last_descriptor_number="uint8, required"
    language_code="char3, required">
  <text>String</text>
  <!-- One per item -->
  <item>
    <description>String</description>
    <name>String</name>
  </item>
</extended_event_descriptor>

D.8.47. external_application_authorization_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-809]. Must be in an AIT (table id 0x74).

<external_application_authorization_descriptor>
  <!-- One per application -->
  <application
      organization_id="uint32, required"
      application_id="uint16, required"
      application_priority="uint8, required"/>
</external_application_authorization_descriptor>

D.8.48. frequency_list_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<frequency_list_descriptor
    coding_type="undefined|satellite|cable|terrestrial|uint2, required">

  <!-- List of frequencies, one element per frequency -->
  <centre_frequency value="FrequencyHz, required"/>

</frequency_list_descriptor>

D.8.49. FTA_content_management_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<FTA_content_management_descriptor
    user_defined="bool, required"
    do_not_scramble="bool, required"
    control_remote_access_over_internet="uint2, required"
    do_not_apply_revocation="bool, required"/>

D.8.50. graphics_constraints_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-809]. Must be in an AIT (table id 0x74).

<graphics_constraints_descriptor
    can_run_without_visible_ui="bool, required"
    handles_configuration_changed="bool, required"
    handles_externally_controlled_video="bool, required">

  <graphics_configuration>
    Hexadecimal content
  </graphics_configuration>

</graphics_constraints_descriptor>

D.8.51. image_icon_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<image_icon_descriptor
    descriptor_number="uint4, required"
    last_descriptor_number="uint4, required"
    icon_id="uint3, required"
    icon_transport_mode="uint2, optional"
    coordinate_system="uint3, optional"
    icon_horizontal_origin="uint12, optional"
    icon_vertical_origin="uint12, optional"
    icon_type="string, optional"
    url="string, optional">

  <icon_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </icon_data>

</image_icon_descriptor>

D.8.52. IPMAC_generic_stream_location_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-301-192]. Must be in an INT (table id 0x4C).

<IPMAC_generic_stream_location_descriptor
    interactive_network_id="uint16, required"
    modulation_system_type="DVB-S2|DVB-T2|DVB-C2|DVB-NGH|uint8, required"
    modulation_system_id="uint16, default=0"
    PHY_stream_id="uint16, default=0">
  <selector_bytes>Hexadecimal content</selector_bytes>
</IPMAC_generic_stream_location_descriptor>

D.8.53. IPMAC_platform_name_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-301-192]. Must be in an INT (table id 0x4C).

<IPMAC_platform_name_descriptor
    language_code="char3, required"
    text="string, required"/>

D.8.54. IPMAC_platform_provider_name_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-301-192]. Must be in an INT (table id 0x4C).

<IPMAC_platform_provider_name_descriptor
    language_code="char3, required"
    text="string, required"/>

D.8.55. IPMAC_stream_location_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-301-192]. Must be in an INT (table id 0x4C).

<IPMAC_stream_location_descriptor
    network_id="uint16, required"
    original_network_id="uint16, required"
    transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
    service_id="uint16, required"
    component_tag="uint8, required"/>

D.8.56. ip_signalling_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-101-812]. Must be in an INT (table id 0x4C).

<ip_signalling_descriptor platform_id="uint24, required"/>

D.8.57. ISP_access_mode_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-301-192]. Must be in an INT (table id 0x4C).

<ISP_access_mode_descriptor access_mode="unused|dialup|uint8, required"/>

D.8.58. linkage_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<linkage_descriptor
    transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
    original_network_id="uint16, required"
    service_id="uint16, required"
    linkage_type="uint8, required">
  <!-- if linkage_type == 0x08 -->
  <mobile_handover_info
      handover_type="uint4, required"
      origin_type="NIT|SDT, required"
      network_id="uint16, required if hand-over_type is 0x01, 0x02, 0x03"
      initial_service_id="uint16, required if origin_type is NIT"/>
  <!-- else if linkage_type == 0x0D -->
  <event_linkage_info
      target_event_id="uint16, required"
      target_listed="bool, required"
      event_simulcast="bool, required"/>
  <!-- else if linkage_type >= 0x0E && linkage_type <= 0x1F -->
  <extended_event_linkage_info>
    <!-- For each event -->
    <event
        target_event_id="uint16, required"
        target_listed="bool, required"
        event_simulcast="bool, required"
        link_type="uint2, required"
        target_id_type="uint2, required"
        user_defined_id="uint16, required if target_id_type == 3"
        target_transport_stream_id="uint16, required if target_id_type == 1"
        target_original_network_id="uint16, optional"
        target_service_id="uint16, optional"/>
  </extended_event_linkage_info>
  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>
</linkage_descriptor>

D.8.59. local_time_offset_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<local_time_offset_descriptor>
  <!-- One per region -->
  <region country_code="char3, required"
          country_region_id="uint6, required"
          local_time_offset="int, required"
          time_of_change="YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss, required"
          next_time_offset="int, required"/>
  <!-- local_time_offset and next_time_offset: -->
  <!-- -780 to +780 minutes (-13 to +13 hours) -->
</local_time_offset_descriptor>

D.8.60. message_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<message_descriptor message_id="uint8, required" language_code="char3, required">
  <text>String</text>
</message_descriptor>

D.8.61. mosaic_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<mosaic_descriptor
    mosaic_entry_point="bool, required"
    number_of_horizontal_elementary_cells="uint3, required"
    number_of_vertical_elementary_cells="uint3, required">

  <!-- One per cell in the mosaic -->
  <cell logical_cell_id="uint6, required"
        logical_cell_presentation_info="uint3, required"
        cell_linkage_info="uint8, required"
        bouquet_id="uint16, optional"
        original_network_id="uint16, optional"
        transport_stream_id="uint16, optional"
        service_id="uint16, optional"
        event_id="uint16, optional">

    <!-- One per elementary cell -->
    <elementary_cell id="uint6, required"/>

  </cell>

</mosaic_descriptor>

D.8.62. multilingual_bouquet_name_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<multilingual_bouquet_name_descriptor>
  <!-- One per language -->
  <language code="char3, required" bouquet_name="string, required"/>
</multilingual_bouquet_name_descriptor>

D.8.63. multilingual_component_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<multilingual_component_descriptor component_tag="uint8, required">
  <!-- One per language -->
  <language code="char3, required" description="string, required"/>
</multilingual_component_descriptor>

D.8.64. multilingual_network_name_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<multilingual_network_name_descriptor>
  <!-- One per language -->
  <language code="char3, required" network_name="string, required"/>
</multilingual_network_name_descriptor>

D.8.65. multilingual_service_name_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<multilingual_service_name_descriptor>
  <!-- One per language -->
  <language code="char3, required"
            service_provider_name="string, required"
            service_name="string, required"/>
</multilingual_service_name_descriptor>

D.8.66. network_change_notify_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<network_change_notify_descriptor>
  <!-- One per cell -->
  <cell cell_id="uint16, required">
    <!-- One per network change -->
    <change network_change_id="uint8, required"
            network_change_version="uint8, required"
            start_time_of_change="YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss, required"
            change_duration="hh:mm:ss, required"
            receiver_category="uint3, required"
            change_type="uint4, required"
            message_id="uint8, required"
            invariant_ts_tsid="uint16, optional"
            invariant_ts_onid="uint16, optional"/>
  </cell>
</network_change_notify_descriptor>

D.8.67. network_name_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<network_name_descriptor network_name="string, required"/>

D.8.68. NVOD_reference_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<NVOD_reference_descriptor>
  <!-- One per service -->
  <service transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
           original_network_id="uint16, required"
           service_id="uint16, required"/>
</NVOD_reference_descriptor>

D.8.69. parental_rating_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<parental_rating_descriptor>
  <!-- One per country -->
  <country country_code="char3, required" rating="uint8, required"/>
</parental_rating_descriptor>

D.8.70. partial_transport_stream_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<partial_transport_stream_descriptor
    peak_rate="uint22, required"
    minimum_overall_smoothing_rate="uint22, default=0x3FFFFF"
    maximum_overall_smoothing_buffer="uint14, default=0x3FFF"/>

D.8.71. PDC_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<PDC_descriptor programme_identification_label="MM-DD hh:mm, required"/>

D.8.72. prefetch_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-101-812]. Must be in an AIT (table id 0x74).

<prefetch_descriptor transport_protocol_label="uint8, required">
  <!-- One per module -->
  <module label="string, required" prefetch_priority="int, 1 to 100, required"/>
</prefetch_descriptor>

D.8.73. private_data_specifier_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<private_data_specifier_descriptor private_data_specifier="uint32|name, required"/>

The value of the attribute is either a 32-bit private data specifier value or a predefined name as used in option --default-pds. See section 2.4.2 for more details.

D.8.74. protection_message_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-809].

<protection_message_descriptor>
  <!-- One per component, up to 15 components -->
  <component tag="uint8, required"/>
</protection_message_descriptor>

D.8.75. RAR_over_DVB_stream_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-323]. Must be in a RNT (table id 0x79).

<RAR_over_DVB_stream_descriptor
  first_valid_date="YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss, required"
  last_valid_date="YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss, required"
  weighting="uint6, required"
  complete_flag="bool, required"
  transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
  original_network_id="uint16, required"
  service_id="uint16, required"
  component_tag="uint8, required"
  download_start_time="YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss,
      optional group with download_period_duration and download_cycle_time"
  download_period_duration="uint8,
      optional group with download_start_time and download_cycle_time"
  download_cycle_time="uint8,
      optional group with download_start_time and download_period_duration"/>

D.8.76. RAR_over_IP_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-323]. Must be in a RNT (table id 0x79).

<RAR_over_IP_descriptor
  first_valid_date="YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss, required"
  last_valid_date="YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss, required"
  weighting="uint6, required"
  complete_flag="bool, required"
  url="string, required"/>

D.8.77. related_content_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-323].

<related_content_descriptor/>

D.8.78. RNT_scan_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-323]. Must be in a RNT (table id 0x79).

<RNT_scan_descriptor>

  <RNT_reference
    transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
    original_network_id="uint16, required"
    scan_weighting="uint8, required"/>

</RNT_scan_descriptor>

D.8.79. S2_satellite_delivery_system_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<S2_satellite_delivery_system_descriptor
    backwards_compatibility="bool, default=false"
    TS_GS_mode="uint2, default=3"
    scrambling_sequence_index="uint18, optional"
    input_stream_identifier="uint8, optional"
    timeslice_number="uint8, optional"/>

D.8.80. S2X_satellite_delivery_system_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<S2X_satellite_delivery_system_descriptor
    receiver_profiles="uint5, required"
    S2X_mode="uint2, required"
    TS_GS_S2X_mode="uint2, required"
    scrambling_sequence_index="uint18, optional"
    timeslice_number="uint8, required for S2X_mode==2">

  <!-- Master channel is required -->
  <master_channel
      frequency="SatelliteFrequencyHz, required"
      orbital_position="SatelliteOrbitalPosition, eg. 19.2, required"
      west_east_flag="east|west, required"
      polarization="horizontal|vertical|left|right, required"
      roll_off="0.35|0.25|0.20|0.15|0.10|0.05|uint3, required"
      symbol_rate="SatelliteSymbolRate, required"
      input_stream_identifier="uint8, optional"/>

  <!-- When S2X_mode==3, there must be exactly 1 or 2 channel_bond -->
  <channel_bond
      frequency="SatelliteFrequencyHz, required"
      orbital_position="SatelliteOrbitalPosition, eg. 19.2, required"
      west_east_flag="east|west, required"
      polarization="horizontal|vertical|left|right, required"
      roll_off="0.35|0.25|0.20|0.15|0.10|0.05|uint3, required"
      symbol_rate="SatelliteSymbolRate, required"
      input_stream_identifier="uint8, optional"/>

  <reserved_future_use>
    Hexadecimal content
  </reserved_future_use>

</S2X_satellite_delivery_system_descriptor>

D.8.81. S2Xv2_satellite_delivery_system_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<S2Xv2_satellite_delivery_system_descriptor
    delivery_system_id="uint32, required"
    S2Xv2_mode="1|2|4|5|uint4, required"
    roll_off="0.35|0.25|0.20|0.15|0.10|0.05|uint3, required"
    NCR_reference="uint1, required"
    NCR_version="uint1, required"
    channel_bond="uint2, required"
    polarization="horizontal|vertical|left|right, required"
    TS_GS_S2X_mode="uint2, required"
    receiver_profiles="uint5, required"
    satellite_id="uint24, required"
    frequency="SatelliteFrequencyHz, required"
    symbol_rate="SatelliteSymbolRate, required"
    input_stream_identifier="uint8, optional"
    scrambling_sequence_index="uint18, required for S2Xv2_mode==2 or S2Xv2_mode==5"
    timeslice_number="uint8, required for S2Xv2_mode==2 or S2Xv2_mode==5">

  <!-- one or two secondary delivery systems to be included if channel_bond==1 -->
  <secondary_delivery_system
      id="uint32, required"/>

  <!-- required if S2Xv2_mode==4 or S2Xv2_mode==5 -->
  <superframe
      SOSF_WH_sequence_number="uint8, required"
      reference_scrambling_index="uint20, required"
      SFFI="uint4, optional"
      payload_scrambling_index="uint20, required"
      beamhopping_time_plan_id="uint32, optional"
      superframe_pilots_WH_sequence_number="uint5, required"
      postamble_PLI="uint3, required"/>

  <reserved_future_use>
    Hexadecimal content
  </reserved_future_use>

</S2Xv2_satellite_delivery_system_descriptor>

D.8.82. satellite_delivery_system_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468]. Redefined in a slightly different way by ARIB (ISDB) in [ARIB-B10].

When this descriptor is extracted from a binary stream to be decompiled in XML format, there is no way to check if this is a DVB or ISDB descriptor without knowing the context. If the command line specifies an option such as --isdb or --japan, or if an ISDB-specific table was previously encountered, then the stream is assumed to be an ISDB one and the ISDB format of this descriptor is used. Otherwise, the original DVB format is assumed.

<satellite_delivery_system_descriptor
    frequency="SatelliteFrequencyHz, required"
    orbital_position="SatelliteOrbitalPosition, eg. 19.2, required"
    west_east_flag="east|west, required"
    polarization="horizontal|vertical|left|right, required"
    roll_off="0.35|0.25|0.20|reserved, default=0.35"
    modulation_system="DVB-S|DVB-S2|ISDB-S, required"
    modulation_type="auto|QPSK|8PSK|16-QAM|ISDB-S|2.6GHzMobile|AdvancedCS,
                     default=QPSK|ISDB-S"
    symbol_rate="SymbolsPerSecond, required"
    FEC_inner="undefined|1/2|2/3|3/4|5/6|7/8|8/9|3/5|4/5|9/10|
               ISDB-S|2.6GHzMobile|AdvancedCS|none, required"/>

The attribute roll_off is used only when modulation_system is DVB-S2.

The list of allowed values for modulation_type and FEC_inner depends on the value of modulation_system.

D.8.83. scheduling_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-006]. Must be in a UNT (table id 0x4B).

<scheduling_descriptor
    start_date_time="YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss, required"
    end_date_time="YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss, required"
    final_availability="bool, required"
    periodicity="bool, required"
    period_unit="second|minute|hour|day|uint2, required"
    duration_unit="second|minute|hour|day|uint2, required"
    estimated_cycle_time_unit="second|minute|hour|day|uint2, required"
    period="uint8, required"
    duration="uint8, required"
    estimated_cycle_time="uint8, required">

  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>

</scheduling_descriptor>

D.8.84. scrambling_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<scrambling_descriptor scrambling_mode="uint8, required"/>

D.8.85. service_availability_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<service_availability_descriptor availability="bool, required">
  <!-- One per cell -->
  <cell id="uint16, required"/>
</service_availability_descriptor>

D.8.86. service_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<service_descriptor
    service_type="uint8, required"
    service_provider_name="string, required"
    service_name="string, required"/>

D.8.87. service_identifier_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<service_identifier_descriptor service_identifier="string, required"/>

D.8.88. service_list_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<service_list_descriptor>
  <!-- One per service -->
  <service service_id="uint16, required" service_type="uint8, required"/>
</service_list_descriptor>

D.8.89. service_move_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<service_move_descriptor
    new_original_network_id="uint16, required"
    new_transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
    new_service_id="uint16, required"/>

D.8.90. service_prominence_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<service_prominence_descriptor>

  <sogi
      SOGI_flag="bool, required"
      SOGI_priority="uint12, required"
      service_id="uint16, optional">

    <target_region
        country_code="string, optional"
        primary_region_code="uint8, optional"
        secondary_region_code="uint8, optional"
        tertiary_region_code="uint8, optional"/>

  </sogi>

  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal Content
  </private_data>

</service_prominence_descriptor>

D.8.91. service_relocated_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<service_relocated_descriptor
    old_original_network_id="uint16, required"
    old_transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
    old_service_id="uint16, required"/>

D.8.92. SH_delivery_system_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<SH_delivery_system_descriptor diversity_mode="uint4, required">

  <!-- Number of modulations depends on the SH config, e.g. 1 in SFN, 2 in non-SFN -->
  <modulation>

    <!-- Modulation type: exactly one of TDM or OFDM must be present -->
    <TDM
        polarization="horizontal|vertical|left|right, required"
        roll_off="0.35|0.25|0.15|reserved, required"
        modulation_mode="QPSK|8PSK|16APSK|reserved, required"
        code_rate="uint4, required"
        symbol_rate="uint5, required"/>
    <OFDM
        bandwidth="8MHz|7MHz|6MHz|5MHz|1.7MHz|uint3, required"
        priority="uint1, required"
        constellation_and_hierarchy="uint3, required"
        code_rate="uint4, required"
        guard_interval="1/32|1/16|1/8|1/4|uint2, required"
        transmission_mode="1k|2k|4k|8k|uint2, required"
        common_frequency="bool, required"/>

    <!-- At most one interleaver, optional fields must be all absent or all present -->
    <interleaver
        common_multiplier="uint6, required"
        nof_late_taps="uint6, optional"
        nof_slices="uint6, optional"
        slice_distance="uint8, optional"
        non_late_increments="uint6, optional"/>
  </modulation>

</SH_delivery_system_descriptor>

D.8.93. short_event_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<short_event_descriptor language_code="char3, required">
  <event_name>String</event_name>
  <text>String</text>
</short_event_descriptor>

D.8.94. short_smoothing_buffer_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<short_smoothing_buffer_descriptor
    sb_size="uint2, required"
    sb_leak_rate="uint6, required">

  Hexadecimal content (optional DVB-reserved data)

</short_smoothing_buffer_descriptor>

D.8.95. simple_application_boundary_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-809]. Must be in an AIT (table id 0x74).

<simple_application_boundary_descriptor>
  <!-- One per prefix: -->
  <prefix boundary_extension="string, required"/>
</simple_application_boundary_descriptor>

D.8.96. simple_application_location_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-809]. Must be in an AIT (table id 0x74).

<simple_application_location_descriptor initial_path="string, required"/>

D.8.97. SSU_enhanced_message_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-006]. Must be in a UNT (table id 0x4B).

<SSU_enhanced_message_descriptor
    descriptor_number="uint4, required"
    last_descriptor_number="uint4, required"
    ISO_639_language_code="char3, required"
    message_index="uint5, required">

  <text>String</text>

</SSU_enhanced_message_descriptor>

D.8.98. SSU_event_name_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-006]. Must be in a UNT (table id 0x4B).

<SSU_event_name_descriptor ISO_639_language_code="char3, required"
  <name>String</name>
  <text>String</text>
</SSU_event_name_descriptor>

D.8.99. SSU_location_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-006]. Must be in a UNT (table id 0x4B).

<SSU_location_descriptor
    data_broadcast_id="uint16, required"
    association_tag="uint16, optional">

  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>

</SSU_location_descriptor>

D.8.100. SSU_message_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-006]. Must be in a UNT (table id 0x4B).

<SSU_message_descriptor
    descriptor_number="uint4, required"
    last_descriptor_number="uint4, required"
    ISO_639_language_code="char3, required">

  <text>String</text>

</SSU_message_descriptor>

D.8.101. SSU_subgroup_association_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-006]. Must be in a UNT (table id 0x4B).

<SSU_subgroup_association_descriptor subgroup_tag="uint40, required"/>

D.8.102. SSU_uri_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-006]. Must be in a UNT (table id 0x4B).

<SSU_uri_descriptor
    max_holdoff_time="uint8, required"
    min_polling_interval="uint8, required"
    uri="string, required"/>

Warning: As defined in [ETSI-102-006], max_holdoff_time is a number of minutes and min_polling_interval is a number of hours.

D.8.103. stream_identifier_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<stream_identifier_descriptor component_tag="uint8, required"/>

D.8.104. stuffing_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

Because of the presence of an ATSC version of the stuffing_descriptor, the XML name for the DVB version is <DVB_stuffing_descriptor>. For compatibility, <stuffing_descriptor> is still accepted.

<DVB_stuffing_descriptor>
  Hexadecimal content
</DVB_stuffing_descriptor>

D.8.105. subtitling_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<subtitling_descriptor>
  <!-- One per subtitle -->
  <subtitling language_code="char3, required"
              subtitling_type="uint8, required"
              composition_page_id="uint16, required"
              ancillary_page_id="uint16, required"/>
</subtitling_descriptor>

D.8.106. supplementary_audio_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<supplementary_audio_descriptor
    mix_type="uint1, required"
    editorial_classification="uint5, required"
    language_code="char3, optional">
  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>
</supplementary_audio_descriptor>

D.8.107. T2_delivery_system_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<T2_delivery_system_descriptor
    plp_id="uint8, required"
    T2_system_id="uint16, required">

  <!-- Optional extension -->
  <extension
      SISO_MISO="SISO|MISO|uint2, required"
      bandwidth="8MHz|7MHz|6MHz|5MHz|10MHz|1.712MHz|uint4, required"
      guard_interval="1/32|1/16|1/8|1/4|1/128|19/128|19/256|uint3, required"
      transmission_mode="2k|8k|4k|1k|16k|32k|uint3, required"
      other_frequency="bool, required"
      tfs="bool, required">

    <!-- One per cell -->
    <cell cell_id="uint16, required">
      <!-- Only one if tfs is false, any number if tfs is true -->
      <centre_frequency value="FrequencyHz, required"/>
      <!-- One per subcell -->
      <subcell cell_id_extension="uint8, required"
               transposer_frequency="FrequencyHz, required"/>
    </cell>

  </extension>

</T2_delivery_system_descriptor>

D.8.108. T2MI_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<T2MI_descriptor
    t2mi_stream_id="uint3, required"
    num_t2mi_streams_minus_one="uint3, default=0"
    pcr_iscr_common_clock_flag="bool, default=false">
  <reserved>
    Hexadecimal content
  </reserved>
</T2MI_descriptor>

D.8.109. target_IP_address_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-301-192] and [ETSI-102-006]. Must be in a UNT (table id 0x4B) or INT (table id 0x4C).

<target_IP_address_descriptor IPv4_addr_mask="IPv4 address, required">
  <!-- One per IPv4 address: -->
  <address IPv4_addr="IPv4 address, required"/>
</target_IP_address_descriptor>

D.8.110. target_IP_slash_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-301-192]. Must be in an INT (table id 0x4C).

<target_IP_slash_descriptor>
  <!-- One per IPv4 address: -->
  <address
      IPv4_addr="IPv4 address, required"
      IPv4_slash_mask="uint8, required"/>
</target_IP_slash_descriptor>

D.8.111. target_IP_source_slash_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-301-192]. Must be in an INT (table id 0x4C).

<target_IP_source_slash_descriptor>
  <!-- One per pair of IPv4 address: -->
  <address
      IPv4_source_addr="IPv4 address, required"
      IPv4_source_slash_mask="uint8, required"
      IPv4_dest_addr="IPv4 address, required"
      IPv4_dest_slash_mask="uint8, required"/>
</target_IP_source_slash_descriptor>

D.8.112. target_IPv6_address_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-301-192] and [ETSI-102-006]. Must be in a UNT (table id 0x4B) or INT (table id 0x4C).

<target_IPv6_address_descriptor IPv6_addr_mask="IPv6 address, required">
  <!-- One per IPv6 address: -->
  <address IPv6_addr="IPv6 address, required"/>
</target_IPv6_address_descriptor>

D.8.113. target_IPv6_slash_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-301-192]. Must be in an INT (table id 0x4C).

<target_IPv6_slash_descriptor>
  <!-- One per IPv6 address: -->
  <address
      IPv6_addr="IPv6 address, required"
      IPv6_slash_mask="uint8, required"/>
</target_IPv6_slash_descriptor>

D.8.114. target_IPv6_source_slash_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-301-192]. Must be in an INT (table id 0x4C).

<target_IPv6_source_slash_descriptor>
  <!-- One per pair of IPv6 address: -->
  <address
      IPv6_source_addr="IPv6 address, required"
      IPv6_source_slash_mask="uint8, required"
      IPv6_dest_addr="IPv6 address, required"
      IPv6_dest_slash_mask="uint8, required"/>
</target_IPv6_source_slash_descriptor>

D.8.115. target_MAC_address_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-301-192] and [ETSI-102-006]. Must be in a UNT (table id 0x4B) or INT (table id 0x4C).

<target_MAC_address_descriptor MAC_addr_mask="MAC address, required">
  <!-- One per MAC address: -->
  <address MAC_addr="MAC address, required"/>
</target_MAC_address_descriptor>

D.8.116. target_MAC_address_range_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-301-192]. Must be in an INT (table id 0x4C).

<target_MAC_address_range_descriptor>
  <!-- One per MAC address range: -->
  <range MAC_addr_low="MAC address, required"
         MAC_addr_high="MAC address, required"/>
</target_MAC_address_range_descriptor>

D.8.117. target_region_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<target_region_descriptor country_code="char3, required">
  <!-- One per region -->
  <region country_code="char3, optional"
          primary_region_code="uint8, optional"
          secondary_region_code="uint8, optional"
          tertiary_region_code="uint16, optional"/>
</target_region_descriptor>

D.8.118. target_region_name_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<target_region_name_descriptor
    country_code="char3, required"
    ISO_639_language_code="char3, required">

  <!-- One per region -->
  <region region_name="string, required"
          primary_region_code="uint8, required"
          secondary_region_code="uint8, optional"
          tertiary_region_code="uint16, optional"/>

</target_region_name_descriptor>

D.8.119. target_serial_number_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-301-192] and [ETSI-102-006]. Must be in a UNT (table id 0x4B) or INT (table id 0x4C).

<target_serial_number_descriptor>
  <!-- Serial data bytes -->
  Hexadecimal content
</target_serial_number_descriptor>

D.8.120. target_smartcard_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-301-192] and [ETSI-102-006]. Must be in a UNT (table id 0x4B) or INT (table id 0x4C).

<target_smartcard_descriptor super_CA_system_id="uint32, required">
  <!-- Private data bytes -->
  Hexadecimal content
</target_smartcard_descriptor>

D.8.121. telephone_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<telephone_descriptor
    foreign_availability="bool, required"
    connection_type="uint5, required"
    country_prefix="string, 3 chars max, optional"
    international_area_code="string, 7 chars max, optional"
    operator_code="string, 3 chars max, optional"
    national_area_code="string, 7 chars max, optional"
    core_number="string, 15 chars max, optional"/>

D.8.122. teletext_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<teletext_descriptor>
  <!-- One per page -->
  <teletext language_code="char3, required"
            teletext_type="uint5, required"
            page_number="uint16, required"/>
</teletext_descriptor>

D.8.123. terrestrial_delivery_system_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<terrestrial_delivery_system_descriptor
    centre_frequency="FrequencyHz, required"
    bandwidth="8MHz|7MHz|6MHz|5MHz, required"
    priority="HP|LP, required"
    no_time_slicing="bool, required"
    no_MPE_FEC="bool, required"
    constellation="QPSK|16-QAM|64-QAM, required"
    hierarchy_information="uint3, required"
    code_rate_HP_stream="1/2|2/3|3/4|5/6|7/8, required"
    code_rate_LP_stream="1/2|2/3|3/4|5/6|7/8, required"
    guard_interval="1/32|1/16|1/8|1/4, required"
    transmission_mode="2k|8k|4k, required"
    other_frequency="bool, required"/>

D.8.124. time_shifted_event_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<time_shifted_event_descriptor
    reference_service_id="uint16, required"
    reference_event_id="uint16, required"/>

D.8.125. time_shifted_service_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

Because of the presence of an ATSC version of the time_shifted_service_descriptor, the XML name for the DVB version is <DVB_time_shifted_service_descriptor>. For compatibility, <time_shifted_service_descriptor> is still accepted.

<DVB_time_shifted_service_descriptor reference_service_id="uint16, required"/>

D.8.126. time_slice_fec_identifier_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-301-192].

<time_slice_fec_identifier_descriptor
    time_slicing="bool, required"
    mpe_fec="uint2, required"
    frame_size="uint3, required"
    max_burst_duration="uint8, required"
    max_average_rate="uint4, required"
    time_slice_fec_id="uint4, default=0">
  <id_selector_bytes>Hexadecimal content</id_selector_bytes>
</time_slice_fec_identifier_descriptor>

D.8.127. transport_protocol_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-101-812]. Must be in an AIT (table id 0x74).

<transport_protocol_descriptor transport_protocol_label="uint8, required">

  <!-- Only one of the following shall be present -->
  <!-- For protocol id 1: -->
  <object_carousel
      original_network_id="uint16, optional"
      transport_stream_id="uint16, optional"
      service_id="uint16, optional"
      component_tag="uint8, required"/>

  <!-- For protocol id 2: -->
  <ip_mpe
      original_network_id="uint16, optional"
      transport_stream_id="uint16, optional"
      service_id="uint16, optional"
      alignment_indicator="bool, required">
    <!-- One per URL -->
    <url value="string, required"/>
  </ip_mpe>

  <!-- For protocol id 3: -->
  <http>
    <!-- One per URL -->
    <url base="string, required">
      <!-- One per URL extension -->
      <extension value="string, required"/>
    </url>
  </http>

  <!-- For other (unknown) protocol ids: -->
  <protocol id="uint16, required">
    Hexadecimal content.
  </protocol>

</transport_protocol_descriptor>

D.8.128. transport_stream_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<transport_stream_descriptor compliance="string, required"/>

D.8.129. TTML_subtitling_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-303-560].

<TTML_subtitling_descriptor
    ISO_639_language_code="char3, required"
    subtitle_purpose="uint6, required"
    TTS_suitability="uint2, required"
    qualifier="uint32, optional"
    service_name="string, optional"
    reserved_zero_future_count="uint8, default=0">

  <!-- one per dvb_ttml_profile value -->
  <dvb_ttml_profile value="uint8, required"/>

  <!-- one per font_id value -->
  <font_id value="uint7, required"/>

</TTML_subtitling_descriptor>

D.8.130. TVA_id_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-323].

<TVA_id_descriptor>
  <TVA id="uint16, required" running_status="uint3, required"/>
</TVA_id_descriptor>

D.8.131. update_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-006]. Must be in a UNT (table id 0x4B).

<update_descriptor
    update_flag="uint2, required"
    update_method="uint4, required"
    update_priority="uint2, required">

  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>

</update_descriptor>

D.8.132. URI_linkage_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<URI_linkage_descriptor
    uri_linkage_type="uint8, required"
    uri="string, required"
    min_polling_interval="uint16, optional">

  <!-- When uri_linkage_type == 0x03 -->
  <DVB_I_linkage
      end_point_type="uint8, required"
      service_list_name="string, optional"
      service_list_provider_name="string, optional">
    <private_data>
      Hexadecimal content
    </private_data>
  </DVB_I_linkage>

  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>

</URI_linkage_descriptor>

D.8.133. VBI_data_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<VBI_data_descriptor>
  <!-- One per VBI data service -->
  <service data_service_id="uint8, required">
    <!-- One per field in the service -->
    <field field_parity="bool, default=false" line_offset="uint5, default=0"/>
    <!-- Valid only when data_service_id is not any of 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 -->
    <reserved>
      Hexadecimal content
    </reserved>
  </service>
</VBI_data_descriptor>

D.8.134. VBI_teletext_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<VBI_teletext_descriptor>
  <!-- One per page -->
  <teletext language_code="char3, required"
            teletext_type="uint5, required"
            page_number="uint16, required"/>
</VBI_teletext_descriptor>

D.8.135. video_depth_range_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<video_depth_range_descriptor>

  <!-- One per video range -->
  <range range_type="uint8, required"
         video_max_disparity_hint="int12, required when range_type == 0"
         video_min_disparity_hint="int12, required when range_type == 0">
    <range_selector>
      Hexadecimal content
    </range_selector>
  </range>

</video_depth_range_descriptor>

D.8.136. vvc_subpictures_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

<vvc_subpictures_descriptor
  default_service_mode="bool, required"
  processing_mode="uint3, required"
  service_description="string, optional">
  <subpicture
    component_tag="uint8, required"
    subpicture_id="uint8, required"/>
</vvc_subpictures_descriptor>

D.8.137. xait_location_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-727].

<xait_location_descriptor
    xait_original_network_id="uint16, required"
    xait_service_id="uint16, required"
    xait_version_number="uint5, required"
    xait_update_policy="uint3, required"/>

D.8.138. xait_pid_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-102-727].

<xait_pid_descriptor xait_PID="uint13, required"/>

D.9. DTG/OFCOM-defined descriptors (DVB private descriptors)

D.9.1. dtg_guidance_descriptor

Defined by DTG in [DTG-DBOOK].

<dtg_guidance_descriptor
    guidance_type="uint2, required"
    ISO_639_language_code="char3, optional"
    text="string, optional"
    guidance_mode="bool, optional">

  <reserved_future_use>
    Hexadecimal content
  </reserved_future_use>

</dtg_guidance_descriptor>

D.9.2. dtg_HD_simulcast_logical_channel_descriptor

Defined by DTG in [DTG-DBOOK].

<dtg_HD_simulcast_logical_channel_descriptor>
  <!-- One per service -->
  <service service_id="uint16, required"
           logical_channel_number="uint10, required"
           visible_service="bool, default=true"/>
</dtg_HD_simulcast_logical_channel_descriptor>

D.9.3. dtg_logical_channel _descriptor

Defined by DTG in [DTG-DBOOK].

<dtg_logical_channel_descriptor>
  <!-- One per service -->
  <service service_id="uint16, required"
           logical_channel_number="uint10, required"
           visible_service="bool, default=true"/>
</dtg_logical_channel_descriptor>

D.9.4. dtg_preferred_name_identifier_descriptor

Defined by DTG in [DTG-DBOOK].

<dtg_preferred_name_identifier_descriptor name_id="uint8, required"/>

D.9.5. dtg_preferred_name_list_descriptor

Defined by DTG in [DTG-DBOOK].

<dtg_preferred_name_list_descriptor>
  <!-- One per language -->
  <language code="char3, required">
    <!-- One per name -->
    <name name_id="uint8, required" name="string, required"/>
  </language>
</dtg_preferred_name_list_descriptor>

D.9.6. dtg_service_attribute_descriptor

Defined by DTG in [DTG-DBOOK].

<dtg_service_attribute_descriptor>
  <!-- One per service -->
  <service service_id="uint16, required"
           numeric_selection="bool, required"
           visible_service="bool, required"/>
</dtg_service_attribute_descriptor>

D.9.7. dtg_short_service_name_descriptor

Defined by DTG in [DTG-DBOOK].

<dtg_short_service_name_descriptor name="string, required"/>

D.10. EACEM-defined descriptors (DVB private descriptors)

D.10.1. eacem_HD_simulcast_logical_channel_descriptor

Defined by EACEM in [EACEM-030].

Because there are several forms of HD_simulcast_logical_channel_descriptor, this EACEM-defined form is named <eacem_HD_simulcast_logical_channel_descriptor>. For compatibility, the previous XML syntax <HD_simulcast_logical_channel_descriptor> is still accepted and is equivalent.

<eacem_HD_simulcast_logical_channel_descriptor>
  <!-- One per service -->
  <service service_id="uint16, required"
           logical_channel_number="uint10, required"
           visible_service="bool, default=true"/>
</eacem_HD_simulcast_logical_channel_descriptor>

D.10.2. eacem_logical_channel_number_descriptor

Defined by EACEM in [EACEM-030].

Because there are several forms of logical_channel_number_descriptor, this EACEM-defined form is named <eacem_logical_channel_number_descriptor>. For compatibility, the previous XML syntax <logical_channel_number_descriptor> is still accepted and is equivalent.

<eacem_logical_channel_number_descriptor>
  <!-- One per service -->
  <service service_id="uint16, required"
           logical_channel_number="uint10, required"
           visible_service="bool, default=true"/>
</eacem_logical_channel_number_descriptor>

D.10.3. eacem_preferred_name_identifier_descriptor

Defined by EACEM in [EACEM-030].

<eacem_preferred_name_identifier_descriptor name_id="uint8, required"/>

D.10.4. eacem_preferred_name_list_descriptor

Defined by EACEM in [EACEM-030].

<eacem_preferred_name_list_descriptor>
  <!-- One per language -->
  <language code="char3, required">
    <!-- One per name -->
    <name name_id="uint8, required" name="string, required"/>
  </language>
</eacem_preferred_name_list_descriptor>

D.10.5. eacem_stream_identifier_descriptor

Defined by EACEM in [EACEM-030].

<eacem_stream_identifier_descriptor version_byte="uint8, required"/>

D.11. Eutelsat-defined descriptors (DVB private descriptors)

D.11.1. eutelsat_channel_number_descriptor

Defined by Eutelsat in [Fransat].

<eutelsat_channel_number_descriptor>
  <!-- One per service -->
  <service original_network_id="uint16, required"
           transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
           service_id="uint16, required"
           eutelsat_channel_number="uint10, required"/>
</eutelsat_channel_number_descriptor>

D.12. NorDig-defined descriptors (DVB private descriptors)

D.12.1. nordig_logical_channel_descriptor_v1

Defined by NorDig in [NorDig].

<nordig_logical_channel_descriptor_v1>
  <!-- One per service -->
  <service service_id="uint16, required"
           logical_channel_number="uint14, required"
           visible_service="bool, default=true"/>
</nordig_logical_channel_descriptor_v1>

D.12.2. nordig_logical_channel_descriptor_v2

Defined by NorDig in [NorDig].

<nordig_logical_channel_descriptor_v2>
  <!-- One per channel list -->
  <channel_list id="uint8, required"
                name="string, required"
                country_code="char3, required">
    <!-- One per service in the channel list -->
    <service service_id="uint16, required"
             logical_channel_number="uint10, required"
             visible_service="bool, default=true"/>
  </channel_list>
</nordig_logical_channel_descriptor_v2>

D.13. BSkyB-defined descriptors (DVB private descriptors)

No public reference is available for BskyB private descriptors.

D.13.1. sky_logical_channel_number_descriptor

<sky_logical_channel_number_descriptor region_id="uint16, required">
  <!-- One per service -->
  <service service_id="uint16, required"
           service_type="uint8, required"
           channel_id="uint16, required"
           logical_channel_number="uint16, required"
           sky_id="uint16, required"/>
</sky_logical_channel_number_descriptor>

D.14. Free TV Australia-defined descriptors (DVB private descriptors)

D.14.1. australia_logical_channel_descriptor

Defined by Free TV Australia in [FTV-AUS].

<australia_logical_channel_descriptor>
  <!-- One per service -->
  <service service_id="uint16, required"
           logical_channel_number="uint14, required"
           visible_service="bool, default=true"/>
</australia_logical_channel_descriptor>

D.15. AVS-defined descriptors (DVB private descriptors)

D.15.1. AVS2_audio_descriptor

Defined by AVS in [AVS-TAI-109.7].

<AVS2_audio_descriptor
    num_channels="uint8, required"
    sample_rate_index="uint4, required"
    language="char3, optional"
    description="string, optional">

  <version_info
    audio_codec_id="uint4, required"
    coding_profile="basic|object, required"
    bitrate_index="uint4, optional (required if audio_codec_id=0)"
    bitstream_type="uniform|variable, optional (required if audio_codec_id=0)"
    raw_frame_length="uint16, optional (required if audio_codec_id=0)"
    resolution="8 bits|16 bits|24 bits, required">
  </version_info>

  <additional_info>
    Hexadecimal content
  </additional_info>

</AVS2_audio_descriptor>

D.15.2. AVS3_audio_descriptor

Defined by AVS in [AVS-TAI-109.7].

<AVS3_audio_descriptor
    sampling_frequency_index="uint4, required"
    resolution="8 bits|16 bits|24 bits, required">

  <!-- required for audio_codec_id==0 (General High Rate Coding) -->
  <general_coding
    coding_profile="basic|object|HOA, required"
    bitrate_index="uint4, required"
    bitstream_type="uniform|variable, required"
    channel_number_index="uint7, required"
    raw_frame_length="uint16, required">
  </general_coding>

  <!-- required for audio_codec_id==1 (Lossless Coding)-->
  <lossless_coding
    sampling_frequency="uint24, optional"
    coding_profile="basic|object|HOA, required"
    channel_number="uint8, required">
  </lossless_coding>

  <!-- required for audio_codec_id==2 (General Full Rate Coding)-->
  <fullrate_coding
    nn_type="uint3, required"
    channel_num_index="uint7, optional"
    num_objects="uint7, optional"
    hoa_order="uint4, optional"
    total_bitrate="uint16, required"/>

  <additional_info>
    Hexadecimal content
  </additional_info>

</AVS3_audio_descriptor>

D.15.3. AVS3_video_descriptor

Defined by AVS in [AVS-TAI-109.6].

<AVS3_video_descriptor
    profile_id="uint8, required"
    level_id="uint8, required"
    multiple_frame_rate_flag="bool, required"
    frame_rate_code="uint4, required"
    sample_precision="uint3, required"
    chroma_format="uint2, required"
    temporal_id_flag="bool, required"
    td_mode_flag="bool, required"
    library_stream_flag="bool, required"
    library_picture_enable_flag="bool, required"
    colour_primaries="uint8, required"
    transfer_characteristics="uint8, required"
    matrix_coefficients="uint8, required"/>

D.16. AOM-defined descriptors (DVB private descriptors)

D.16.1. AV1_video_descriptor

Defined by AOM in [AOM-AV1].

<AV1_video_descriptor
    version="uint7, required"
    seq_profile="uint3, required"
    seq_level_idx_0="uint5, required"
    seq_tier_0="uint1, required"
    high_bitdepth="bool, required"
    twelve_bit="bool, required"
    monochrome="bool, required"
    chroma_subsampling_x="bool, required"
    chroma_subsampling_y="bool, required"
    chroma_sample_position="unknown|vertical|colocated, required"
    HDR_WCG_idc="uint2, required"
    initial_presentation_delay_minus_one="uint4, optional"/>

D.17. UWA-defined descriptors (DVB private descriptors)

D.17.1. CUVV_video_stream_descriptor

Defined by UWA in [UWA].

<CUVV_video_stream_descriptor
    cuvv_tag="uint32, required to be 0x63757676"
    cuva_version_map="uint16, required"
    terminal_provide_code="uint16, required to be 0x0004"
    terminal_provide_oriented_code="1.0|2.0|3.0|4.0, required"/>

D.18. SCTE-defined descriptors

D.18.1. cue_identifier_descriptor

Defined by ANSI/SCTE in [SCTE-35].

<cue_identifier_descriptor
     cue_stream_type="insert_null_schedule|all|segmentation|tiered_splicing|
                      tiered_segmentation|uint8, required">
  <!-- Defined by SCTE 35 for use in PMT -->
</cue_identifier_descriptor>

D.18.2. EAS_audio_file_descriptor

Defined by ANSI/SCTE in [SCTE-18]. Must be in a Cable Emergency Alert Table (table id 0xD8).

<EAS_audio_file_descriptor>
  <!-- One entry per audio file -->
  <file audio_format="uint7, required"
        file_name="string, optional"
        audio_source="uint8, required"
        program_number="uint16, optional"
        carousel_id="uint32, optional"
        application_id="uint16, optional"
        download_id="uint32, optional"
        module_id="uint32, optional"/>
</EAS_audio_file_descriptor>

D.18.3. EAS_inband_details_channel_descriptor

Defined by ANSI/SCTE in [SCTE-18]. Must be in a Cable Emergency Alert Table (table id 0xD8).

<EAS_inband_details_channel_descriptor
    details_RF_channel="uint8, required"
    details_program_number="uint16, required"/>

D.18.4. EAS_inband_exception_channels_descriptor

Defined by ANSI/SCTE in [SCTE-18]. Must be in a Cable Emergency Alert Table (table id 0xD8).

<EAS_inband_exception_channels_descriptor>
  <!-- One entry per exception channel -->
  <exception RF_channel="uint8, required" program_number="uint16, required"/>
</EAS_inband_exception_channels_descriptor>

D.18.5. EAS_metadata_descriptor

Defined by ANSI/SCTE in [SCTE-164]. Must be in a Cable Emergency Alert Table (table id 0xD8).

<EAS_metadata_descriptor fragment_number="uint8, default=1">
  <!-- The text inside this element is an XML fragment -->
</EAS_metadata_descriptor>

D.18.6. splice_avail_descriptor

Defined by ANSI/SCTE in [SCTE-35]. Must be in a Splice Information Table (table id 0xFC).

<splice_avail_descriptor
    identifier="uint32, default=0x43554549"
    provider_avail_id="uint32, required"/>

D.18.7. splice_DTMF_descriptor

Defined by ANSI/SCTE in [SCTE-35]. Must be in a Splice Information Table (table id 0xFC).

<splice_DTMF_descriptor
    identifier="uint32, default=0x43554549"
    preroll="uint8, required"
    DTMF="string, required"/>

D.18.8. splice_segmentation_descriptor

Defined by ANSI/SCTE in [SCTE-35]. Must be in a Splice Information Table (table id 0xFC).

<splice_segmentation_descriptor
    identifier="uint32, default=0x43554549"
    segmentation_event_id="uint32, required"
    segmentation_event_cancel="bool, default=false"
    web_delivery_allowed="bool, default=true"
    no_regional_blackout="bool, default=true"
    archive_allowed="bool, default=true"
    device_restrictions="uint2, default=3"
    segmentation_duration="uint40, optional"
    segmentation_type_id="uint8, required"
    segment_num="uint8, required"
    segments_expected="uint8, required"
    sub_segment_num="uint8, required when segmentation_type_id == 0x34 or 0x36"
    sub_segments_expected="uint8, required when segmentation_type_id == 0x34 or 0x36">

  <segmentation_upid type="uint8, required">
    Hexadecimal content
  </segmentation_upid>

  <!-- One per component when program_segmentation_flag is to be set to 0 -->
  <component component_tag="uint8, required" pts_offset="uint33, required"/>

</splice_segmentation_descriptor>

D.18.9. splice_time_descriptor

Defined by ANSI/SCTE in [SCTE-35]. Must be in a Splice Information Table (table id 0xFC).

<splice_time_descriptor
    identifier="uint32, default=0x43554549"
    TAI_seconds="uint48, required"
    TAI_ns="uint32, required"
    UTC_offset="uint16, required"/>

D.19. ATSC-defined descriptors

D.19.1. AC3_audio_stream_descriptor

Defined by ATSC in [ATSC-A52].

This is the ATSC version of the AC-3 descriptor. DVB uses a distinct descriptor. In [ATSC-A52], the so-called "System A" designates ATSC while "System B" designates DVB.

<ATSC_AC3_audio_stream_descriptor
    sample_rate_code="uint3, required"
    bsid="uint5, required"
    bit_rate_code="uint6, required"
    surround_mode="uint2, required"
    bsmod="uint3, required"
    num_channels="uint4, required"
    full_svc="bool, required"
    mainid="uint3, optional"
    priority="uint2, optional"
    asvcflags="uint8, optional"
    text="string, optional"
    language="char3, optional"
    language_2="char3, optional">

  <additional_info>
    Hexadecimal content
  </additional_info>

</ATSC_AC3_audio_stream_descriptor>

D.19.2. caption_service_descriptor

Defined by ATSC in [ATSC-A65].

<caption_service_descriptor>

  <!-- One per service -->
  <service language="char3, required"
           digital_cc="bool, required"
           line21_field="bool, optional"
           caption_service_number="uint6, required"
           easy_reader="bool, required"
           wide_aspect_ratio="bool, required"/>

</caption_service_descriptor>

D.19.3. component_name_descriptor

Defined by ATSC in [ATSC-A65].

<component_name_descriptor>

  <!-- Optional ATSC multiple_string_structure() containing one or more strings -->
  <component_name_string>
    <string language="char3, required" text="string, required"/>
  </component_name_string>

</component_name_descriptor>

D.19.4. content_advisory_descriptor

Defined by ATSC in [ATSC-A65].

<content_advisory_descriptor>

  <!-- One per rating region -->
  <region rating_region="uint8, required">
    <!-- One per rated dimension -->
    <dimension rating_dimension_j="uint8, required" rating_value="uint4, required"/>
    <!-- Optional ATSC multiple_string_structure() containing one or more strings -->
    <rating_description>
      <string language="char3, required" text="string, required"/>
    </rating_description>
  </region>

</content_advisory_descriptor>

D.19.5. dcc_arriving_request_descriptor

Defined by ATSC in [ATSC-A65].

<dcc_arriving_request_descriptor dcc_arriving_request_type="uint8, required">

  <!-- Optional ATSC multiple_string_structure() containing one or more strings -->
  <dcc_arriving_request_text>
    <string language="char3, required" text="string, required"/>
  </dcc_arriving_request_text>

</dcc_arriving_request_descriptor>

D.19.6. dcc_departing_request_descriptor

Defined by ATSC in [ATSC-A65].

<dcc_departing_request_descriptor dcc_departing_request_type="uint8, required">

  <!-- Optional ATSC multiple_string_structure() containing one or more strings -->
  <dcc_departing_request_text>
    <string language="char3, required" text="string, required"/>
  </dcc_departing_request_text>

</dcc_departing_request_descriptor>

D.19.7. EAC3_audio_descriptor

Defined by ATSC in [ATSC-A52].

This is the ATSC version of the Enhanced-AC-3 descriptor. DVB uses a distinct descriptor.

<ATSC_EAC3_audio_descriptor
    mixinfoexists="bool, required"
    full_service="bool, required"
    audio_service_type="uint3, required"
    number_of_channels="uint3, required"
    bsid="uint5, optional"
    priority="uint2, optional"
    mainid="uint3, optional"
    asvc="uint8, optional"
    substream1="uint8, optional"
    substream2="uint8, optional"
    substream3="uint8, optional"
    language="char3, optional"
    language_2="char3, optional"
    substream1_lang="char3, optional"
    substream2_lang="char3, optional"
    substream3_lang="char3, optional">

  <additional_info>
    Hexadecimal content
  </additional_info>

</ATSC_EAC3_audio_descriptor>

D.19.8. extended_channel_name_descriptor

Defined by ATSC in [ATSC-A65].

<extended_channel_name_descriptor>

  <!-- Optional ATSC multiple_string_structure() containing one or more strings -->
  <long_channel_name_text>
    <string language="char3, required" text="string, required"/>
  </long_channel_name_text>

</extended_channel_name_descriptor>

D.19.9. genre_descriptor

Defined by ATSC in [ATSC-A65].

<genre_descriptor>
  <!-- One per attribute -->
  <attribute value="uint8, required"/>
</genre_descriptor>

D.19.10. redistribution_control_descriptor

Defined by ATSC in [ATSC-A65].

<redistribution_control_descriptor>
  <rc_information>
    Hexadecimal content
  </rc_information>
</redistribution_control_descriptor>

D.19.11. service_location_descriptor

Defined by ATSC in [ATSC-A65].

<service_location_descriptor PCR_PID="uint13, optional">
  <!-- One per component -->
  <component stream_type="uint8, required"
             elementary_PID="uint13, required"
             ISO_639_language_code="char3, optional"/>
</service_location_descriptor>

D.19.12. stuffing_descriptor

Defined by ATSC in [ATSC-A65].

This is the ATSC version of the stuffing_descriptor. DVB uses a distinct descriptor.

<ATSC_stuffing_descriptor>
  Hexadecimal content
</ATSC_stuffing_descriptor>

D.19.13. time_shifted_service_descriptor

Defined by ATSC in [ATSC-A65].

This is the ATSC version of the time_shifted_service_descriptor. DVB uses a distinct descriptor.

<ATSC_time_shifted_service_descriptor>
  <!-- One per service -->
  <service time_shift="uint10, required"
           major_channel_number="uint10, required"
           minor_channel_number="uint10, required"/>
</ATSC_time_shifted_service_descriptor>

D.20. ISDB-defined descriptors

D.20.1. area_broadcasting_information_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<area_broadcasting_information_descriptor>

  <!-- One per station -->
  <station
      station_id="uint24, required"
      location_code="uint16, required"
      broadcast_signal_format="uint8, required">

    <additional_station_info>
      Hexadecimal content
    </additional_station_info>

  </station>

</area_broadcasting_information_descriptor>

D.20.2. audio_component_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<audio_component_descriptor
    stream_content="uint4, default=2"
    component_type="uint8, required"
    component_tag="uint8, required"
    stream_type="uint8, required"
    simulcast_group_tag="uint8, default=0xFF"
    main_component="bool, default=true"
    quality_indicator="uint2, required"
    sampling_rate="uint3, required"
    ISO_639_language_code="char3, required"
    ISO_639_language_code_2="char3, optional"
    text="string, optional"/>

D.20.3. basic_local_event_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<basic_local_event_descriptor
    segmentation_mode="uint4, required"
    start_time_NPT="uint33, optional"
    end_time_NPT="uint33, optional"
    start_time="hh:mm:ss, optional"
    duration="hh:mm:ss, optional"
    start_time_extension="mmm, optional"
    duration_extension="mmm, optional">

  <reserved_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </reserved_data>

  <!-- One per component tag -->
  <component tag="uint8, required"/>

</basic_local_event_descriptor>

D.20.4. board_information_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<board_information_descriptor
    title="string, required"
    text="string, required"/>

D.20.5. broadcaster_name_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<broadcaster_name_descriptor name="string, required"/>

D.20.6. CA_contract_info_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B25].

<CA_contract_info_descriptor
    CA_system_id="uint16, required"
    CA_unit_id="uint4, required"
    fee_name="string, optional">

  <!-- One per component -->
  <component tag="uint8, required"/>

  <contract_verification_info>
    Hexadecimal content
  </contract_verification_info>

</CA_contract_info_descriptor>

D.20.7. CA_EMM_TS_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B25].

<CA_EMM_TS_descriptor
    CA_system_id="uint16, required"
    transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
    original_network_id="uint16, required"
    power_supply_period="uint8, required"/>

D.20.8. carousel_compatible_composite_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10].

<carousel_compatible_composite_descriptor>

  <!-- Any number of subdescriptors -->
  <subdescriptor type="uint8, required">
    Hexadecimal content
  </subdescriptor>

</carousel_compatible_composite_descriptor>

D.20.9. CA_service_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B25].

<CA_service_descriptor
    CA_system_id="uint16, required"
    ca_broadcaster_group_id="uint8, required"
    message_control="uint8, required">

  <!-- One per service -->
  <service id="uint16, required"/>

</CA_service_descriptor>

D.20.10. conditional_playback_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B25].

<conditional_playback_descriptor
    CA_system_id="uint16, required"
    CA_PID="uint13, required">

  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>

</conditional_playback_descriptor>

D.20.11. content_availability_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<content_availability_descriptor
    copy_restriction_mode="bool, required"
    image_constraint_token="bool, required"
    retention_mode="bool, required"
    retention_state="uint3, required"
    encryption_mode="bool, required">

  <reserved_future_use>
    Hexadecimal content
  </reserved_future_use>

</content_availability_descriptor>

D.20.12. data_component_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<data_component_descriptor data_component_id="uint16, required">
  <additional_data_component_info>
    Hexadecimal content
  </additional_data_component_info>
</data_component_descriptor>

D.20.13. data_content_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<data_content_descriptor
    data_component_id="uint16, required"
    entry_component="uint8, required"
    ISO_639_language_code="char3, required"
    text="string, required">

  <selector_bytes>
    Hexadecimal content
  </selector_bytes>

  <!-- One per component_ref -->
  <component ref="uint8, required"/>

</data_content_descriptor>

D.20.14. digital_copy_control_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<digital_copy_control_descriptor
    digital_recording_control_data="uint2, required"
    user_defined="uint4, default=0"
    maximum_bitrate="uint8, optional">

  <!-- One per component in the service -->
  <component_control
      component_tag="uint8, required"
      digital_recording_control_data="uint2, required"
      user_defined="uint4, default=0"
      maximum_bitrate="uint8, optional"/>

</digital_copy_control_descriptor>

Note: as specified in [ARIB-B10J], the maximum_bitrate attribute is set in units of 1/4 Mb/s (250 kb/s).

D.20.15. download_content_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B21].

<download_content_descriptor
    reboot="bool, required"
    add_on="bool, required"
    component_size="uint32, required"
    download_id="uint32, required"
    time_out_value_DII="uint32, required"
    leak_rate="uint22, required"
    component_tag="uint8, required">

  <!-- At most one compatibility_descriptor -->
  <compatibility_descriptor>

    <!-- Any number of descriptors -->
    <descriptor
        descriptor_type="uint8, required"
        specifier_type="uint8, required"
        specifier_data="uint24, required"
        model="uint16, required"
        version="uint16, required">

      <!-- Any number of subdescriptors -->
      <subdescriptor type="uint8, required">
        Hexadecimal content
      </subdescriptor>
    </descriptor>

  </compatibility_descriptor>

  <!-- One per module -->
  <module module_id="uint16, required" module_size="uint32, required">
    <module_info>
      Hexadecimal content
    </module_info>
  </module>

  <!-- At most one -->
  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>

  <!-- At most one -->
  <text_info ISO_639_language_code="char3, required" text="string, required"/>

</download_content_descriptor>

D.20.16. emergency_information_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<emergency_information_descriptor>

  <!-- One entry per event -->
  <event service_id="uint16, required"
         started="bool, required"
         signal_level="uint1, required">

    <!-- One entry per area code -->
    <area code="uint12, required"/>

  </event>

</emergency_information_descriptor>

D.20.17. event_group_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<event_group_descriptor group_type="uint4, required">

  <!-- One per event in actual network -->
  <actual service_id="uint16, required"
          event_id="uint16, required"/>

  <!-- One per event in other networks (group_type == 4 or 5) -->
  <other original_network_id="uint16, required"
         transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
         service_id="uint16, required"
         event_id="uint16, required"/>

  <!-- Optional private data for other group types -->
  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>

</event_group_descriptor>

D.20.18. extended_broadcaster_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<extended_broadcaster_descriptor
    broadcaster_type="uint4, required"
    terrestrial_broadcaster_id="uint16, optional">

  <!-- Any number of affiliations, when broadcaster_type == 0x01 or 0x2 -->
  <affiliation id="uint8, required"/>

  <!-- Any number of broadcasters, when broadcaster_type == 0x01 or 0x2 -->
  <broadcaster original_network_id="uint16, required" broadcaster_id="uint8, required"/>

  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>

</extended_broadcaster_descriptor>

Note: While the fields have different names in [ARIB-B10J], the structure of the descriptor is identical for broadcaster_type values 0x01 and 0x02. In the XML, the attributes are unified. For instance, the attribute terrestrial_broadcaster_id is in fact terrestrial_sound_broadcaster_id when broadcaster_type is 0x02.

D.20.19. hierarchical_transmission_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<hierarchical_transmission_descriptor
    high_quality="bool, required"
    reference_PID="uint13, required"/>

D.20.20. ISDB_access_control_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<ISDB_access_control_descriptor
    CA_system_id="uint16, required"
    transmission_type="uint3, default=7"
    PID="uint13, required">

  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>

</ISDB_access_control_descriptor>

D.20.21. ISDB_component_group_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<ISDB_component_group_descriptor
   component_group_type="uint3, required">

  <component_group
    component_group_id="uint4, required"
    total_bit_rate="uint8, optional"
    explanation="string, optional">

    <CAUnit
       CA_unit_id="uint4, required">

      <component_tags>
        Up to 16 8-bit component tags
      </component_tags>

    </CAUnit>
  </component_group>

</ISDB_component_group_descriptor>

D.20.22. ISDB_connected_transmission_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<ISDB_connected_transmission_descriptor
   connected_transmission_group_id="uint16, required"
   segment_type="uint2, required"
   modulation_type_A="uint2, required"
   modulation_type_B="uint2, required"
   modulation_type_C="uint2, required">

   <addtional_connected_transmission_info>
     Hexadecimal data
   </addtional_connected_transmission_info>

</ISDB_connected_transmission_descriptor>

D.20.23. ISDB_hyperlink_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<ISDB_hyperlink_descriptor
    hyper_linkage_type="uint8, required"
    link_destination_type="uint8, required">

  <!-- link_destination_type = 0x01 -->
  <Service
    original_network_id="uint16, required"
    transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
    service_id="uint16, required"/>

  <!-- link_destination_type = 0x02 -->s
  <Event
    original_network_id="uint16, required"
    transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
    service_id="uint16, required"
    event_id="uint16, required"/>

  <!-- link_destination_type = 0x03 -->
  <Module
    original_network_id="uint16, required"
    transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
    service_id="uint16, required"
    event_id="uint16, required"
    component_tag="uint8, required"
    module_id="uint16, required"/>

  <!-- link_destination_type = 0x04 -->
  <Content
    original_network_id="uint16, required"
    transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
    service_id="uint16, required"
    content_id="uint16, required"/>

  <!-- link_destination_type = 0x05 -->
  <ContentModule
    original_network_id="uint16, required"
    transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
    service_id="uint16, required"
    content_id="uint16, required"
    component_tag="uint8, required"
    module_id="uint16, required"/>

  <!-- link_destination_type = 0x06 -->
  <ERTNode
    information_provider_id="uint16, required"
    event_relation_id="uint16, required"
    node_id="uint16, required"/>

  <!-- link_destination_type = 0x07 -->
  <StoredContent uri="string, required"/>

  <private_data>
      Hexadecimal encoded private data
  </private_data>

</ISDB_hyperlink_descriptor>

D.20.24. ISDB_LDT_linkage_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<ISDB_LDT_linkage_descriptor
   original_service_id="uint16, required"
   transport_stream_id="uint16, required"
   original_network_id="uint16, required">

  <Description
    id="uint16, required"
    type="uint4, required"
    user_defined="uint8, required"/>

</ISDB_LDT_linkage_descriptor>

D.20.25. ISDB_network_identifier_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<ISDB_network_identifier_descriptor
    country_code="char3, required"
    media_type="AB|AC|BS|CB|TB, required"
    network_id="uint16, required">

  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>

</ISDB_network_identifier_descriptor>

D.20.26. ISDB_target_region_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<ISDB_target_region_descriptor
    region_spec_type="uint8, required"
    regions_mask="string, optional"/>

D.20.27. ISDB_terrestrial_delivery_system_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<ISDB_terrestrial_delivery_system_descriptor
    area_code="uint12, required"
    guard_interval="1/32|1/16|1/8|1/4, required"
    transmission_mode="2k|4k|8k|mode1|mode2|mode3, required">

  <!-- More than one frequency in case of MFN -->
  <frequency value="FrequencyHz, required"/>

</ISDB_terrestrial_delivery_system_descriptor>

D.20.28. logo_transmission_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<logo_transmission_descriptor
    logo_transmission_type="uint8, required"
    logo_id="uint9, optional"
    logo_version="uint12, optional"
    download_data_id="uint16, optional"
    logo_char="string, optional">

  <reserved_future_use>
    Hexadecimal content
  </reserved_future_use>

</logo_transmission_descriptor>

Note: the presence of the various attributes depends on the value of logo_transmission_type (see [ARIB-B10J]).

D.20.29. network_download_content_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B21].

<network_download_content_descriptor
    reboot="bool, required"
    add_on="bool, required"
    component_size="uint32, required"
    session_protocol_number="uint8, required"
    session_id="uint32, required"
    retry="uint8, required"
    connect_timer="uint24, required">

  <!-- Exactly one of ipv4, ipv6, url -->
  <ipv4 address="IPv4 address, required" port="uint16, required"/>
  <ipv6 address="IPv6 address, required" port="uint16, required"/>
  <url url="string, required"/>

  <!-- At most one compatibility_descriptor -->
  <compatibility_descriptor>

    <!-- Any number of descriptors -->
    <descriptor
        descriptor_type="uint8, required"
        specifier_type="uint8, required"
        specifier_data="uint24, required"
        model="uint16, required"
        version="uint16, required">

      <!-- Any number of subdescriptors -->
      <subdescriptor type="uint8, required">
        Hexadecimal content
      </subdescriptor>
    </descriptor>

  </compatibility_descriptor>

  <!-- At most one -->
  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>

  <!-- At most one -->
  <text_info ISO_639_language_code="char3, required" text="string, required"/>

</network_download_content_descriptor>

D.20.30. node_relation_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<node_relation_descriptor
    reference_type="uint4, default=0"
    information_provider_id="uint16, optional"
    event_relation_id="uint16, optional"
    reference_node_id="uint16, required"
    reference_number="uint8, required"/>

D.20.31. partial_reception_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<partial_reception_descriptor>
  <service id="uint16, required"/>
</partial_reception_descriptor>

D.20.32. partialTS_time_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B21].

<partialTS_time_descriptor
    event_version_number="uint8, required"
    event_start_time="YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss, optional"
    duration="hh:mm:ss, optional"
    offset="hh:mm:ss, optional"
    offset_flag="uint1, default=0"
    other_descriptor_status="bool, default=false"
    JST_time="YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss, optional"/>

D.20.33. reference_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<reference_descriptor
    information_provider_id="uint16, required"
    event_relation_id="uint16, required">

  <!-- One per reference -->
  <reference
      reference_node_id="uint16, required"
      reference_number="uint8, required"
      last_reference_number="uint8, required"/>

</reference_descriptor>

D.20.34. satellite_delivery_system_descriptor

Defined by DVB in [ETSI-300-468].

Redefined in a slightly different way by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J]. See section D.8.82.

D.20.35. series_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<series_descriptor
    series_id="uint16, required"
    repeat_label="uint4, required"
    program_pattern="uint3, required"
    expire_date="YYYY-MM-DD, optional"
    episode_number="uint12, required"
    last_episode_number="uint12, required"
    series_name="string, optional"/>

D.20.36. service_group_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<service_group_descriptor service_group_type="uint4, required">

  <!-- One per service when service_group_type == 1 -->
  <service primary_service_id="uint16, required"
           secondary_service_id="uint16, required"/>

  <!-- Optional private data for other group types -->
  <private_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </private_data>

</service_group_descriptor>

D.20.37. short_node_information_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<short_node_information_descriptor
    ISO_639_language_code="char3, required"
    node_name="string, optional"
    text="string, optional"/>

D.20.38. SI_parameter_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<SI_parameter_descriptor
    parameter_version="uint8, required"
    update_time="YYYY-MM-DD, required">

  <!-- One per SI table -->
  <table id="uint8, required">
    Hexadecimal content (table description bytes)
  </table>

</SI_parameter_descriptor>

D.20.39. SI_prime_TS_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<SI_prime_TS_descriptor
    parameter_version="uint8, required"
    update_time="YYYY-MM-DD, required"
    SI_prime_TS_network_id="uint16, required"
    SI_prime_transport_stream_id="uint16, required">

  <!-- One per SI table -->
  <table id="uint8, required">
    Hexadecimal content (table description bytes)
  </table>

</SI_prime_TS_descriptor>

D.20.40. STC_reference_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<STC_reference_descriptor
    STC_reference_mode="uint4, required"
    external_event_id="uint16, optional"
    external_service_id="uint16, optional"
    external_network_id="uint16, optional"
    NPT_reference="uint33, optional"
    STC_reference="uint33, optional"
    time_reference="hh:mm:ss, optional"
    time_reference_extension="mmm, optional">

  <reserved_data>
    Hexadecimal content
  </reserved_data>

</STC_reference_descriptor>

D.20.41. system_management_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<system_management_descriptor
    broadcasting_flag="uint2, required"
    broadcasting_identifier="uint6, required"
    additional_broadcasting_identification="uint8, required">

  <additional_identification_info>
    Hexadecimal content
  </additional_identification_info>

</system_management_descriptor>

D.20.42. TS_information_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<TS_information_descriptor
    remote_control_key_id="uint8, required"
    ts_name="string, required">

  <!-- Up to 3 transmission types -->
  <transmission_type transmission_type_info="uint8, required">
    <service id="uint16, required"/>
  </transmission_type>

  <reserved_future_use>
    Hexadecimal content
  </reserved_future_use>

</TS_information_descriptor>

D.20.43. video_decode_control_descriptor

Defined by ARIB in [ARIB-B10J].

<video_decode_control_descriptor
    still_picture="bool, required"
    sequence_end_code="bool, required"
    video_encode_format="uint4, required"
    reserved_future_use="uint2, default=3"/>

D.21. Generic format for unsupported tables and descriptors

Unsupported tables and descriptors can be represented using generic XML tags.

D.21.1. Generic short table

<generic_short_table table_id="uint8, required" private="bool, default=true">

  Generic table with binary payload of one short section, to be used when a
  specific table is not yet implemented. The body of this element shall contain
  an even number of hexadecimal digits, the payload of the short section.

  The private indicator shall be false on MPEG-defined sections and preferably
  true on DVB-defined and user-defined sections.

</generic_short_table>

D.21.2. Generic long table

<generic_long_table
    table_id="uint8, required"
    table_id_ext="uint16, default=0xFFFF"
    version="uint5, default=0"
    current="bool, default=true"
    private="bool, default=true">

  Generic table with binary payload of long sections, to be used when a specific
  table is not yet implemented.

  The private indicator shall be false on MPEG-defined sections and preferably
  true on DVB-defined and user-defined sections.

  <!-- One per section -->
  <section>
    The body of the section elements shall contain an even number of hexadecimal
    digits, the payload of the long section. The CRC32 field is not part of this
    payload, it will be recomputed.
  </section>

</generic_long_table>

D.21.3. Generic descriptor

<generic_descriptor tag="uint8, required">

  Generic descriptor with binary payload, to be used when a specific descriptor
  is not yet implemented. The body of this element shall contain an even number
  of hexadecimal digits.

</generic_descriptor>

Appendix E: Licenses

E.1. TSDuck license

TSDuck is released under the terms of the license which is commonly referred to as "BSD 2-Clause License" or "Simplified BSD License" or "FreeBSD License". See http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-2-Clause.

Copyright © 2005-2024, Thierry Lelégard
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

E.2. Third-party libraries

TSDuck includes a few third-party libraries, either in source form, binary form or both. For more details about the licenses of these third-party libraries, see the file named OTHERS.txt in the TSDuck source code repository.

DTAPI: On Linux and Windows, the TSDuck binary distributions contain the DTAPI library in static form. This software is available in binary format only and is distributed under the BSD 2-Clause License (see [Dektec-SDK]). "Copyright (c) 2017 by Dektec Digital Video B.V."

LIBSRT: On Windows, the TSDuck binary distribution contains the SRT library in static form. This is an open-source library which is distributed under the Mozilla Public License v2.0 (see [SRT]). "Copyright (c) 2018 Haivision Systems Inc."

LIBRIST: On Windows, the TSDuck binary distribution contains the RIST library in static form. This is an open-source library which is distributed under the BSD 2-Clause License (see [RIST]). "Copyright © 2019-2020 SipRadius LLC. All right reserved."

LibVatek: On Windows and Linux, the TSDuck binary distribution contains the LibVatek library in static form. This is an open-source library which is distributed under the BSD 2-Clause License (see [VATek-SDK]). "Copyright © 2022, Richie Chang."

Appendix F: References

F.1. Acronyms and abbreviations

ABNT

Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (Brazilian standardization committee)

Auxiliary Channel (ISDB)

AC-3

Audio Compression Standard 3 (Dolby)

ACG

Access Criteria Generator (DVB SimulCrypt)

AES

Advanced Encryption Standard (cryptography)

AIT

Application Information Table (DVB)

ANSI

American National Standards Institute

AOM

Alliance for Open Media

ARCOM

Autorité de régulation de la communication audiovisuelle et numérique (French national regulator for TV)

ARIB

Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (Japan)

ASI

Asynchronous Serial Interface

ATIS

Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions

ATSC

Advanced Television Systems Committee

ATR

Answer To Reset (smartcard)

AVC

Advanced Video Coding

AVS

Audio Video coding Standard Workgroup of China

BAT

Bouquet Association Table (DVB)

BDA

Broadcast Device Architecture (Microsoft Windows)

BDT

Binary Data Table

BER

Bit Error Ratio

BIT

Broadcaster Information Table (ISDB)

BPSK

Binary Phase Shift Keying (modulation)

BTS

Broadcast Transport Stream (ISDB)

Conditional Access

CAM

Conditional Access Module

CAS

Conditional Access System

CAT

Conditional Access Table (MPEG)

CIT

Content Identifier Table (DVB)

CMT

CA Message Table

COFDM

Coded Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (modulation)

Crypto-Period

CRC

Cyclic Redundancy Check

CSA

Conseil Supérieur de l’Audiovisuel (French national regulator for TV, now ARCOM)

CVCT

Cable Virtual Channel Table (ATSC)

Control Word (cryptography)

CWG

Control Word Generator (DVB SimulCrypt)

DCCT

Directed Channel Change Table (ATSC)

DCCSCT

Directed Channel Change Selection Code Table (ATSC)

DID

Descriptor Identifier (or descriptor tag)

DIT

Discontinuity Information Table (DVB)

DKMS

Dynamic Kernel Module Support (Linux)

DOCSIS

Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification

DRM

Digital Rights Management

DSM-CC

Digital Storage Media Command and Control (MPEG)

DTG

Digital TV Group (UK)

DTH

Direct To Home

DTS

Decoding Time Stamp

DTTV

Digital Terrestrial Television

DTV

Digital Television

DVB

Digital Video Broadcasting

DVB-C

DVB Cable modulation

DVB-C2

DVB Cable modulation, 2nd generation

DVB-CISSA

DVB Common IPTV Software-oriented Scrambling Algorithm

DVB-CSA

DVB Common Scrambling Algorithm

DVB-S

DVB Satellite modulation

DVB-S2

DVB Satellite modulation, 2nd generation

DVB-T

DVB Terrestrial modulation

DVB-T2

DVB Terrestrial modulation, 2nd generation

EACEM

European Association of Consumer Electronics Manufacturers (now DIGITALEUROPE)

ECM

Entitlement Control Message

ECMG

ECM Generator (DVB SimulCrypt)

EICTA

European Information and Communications Technology Industry Association (now DIGITALEUROPE)

EIS

Event Information Scheduler (DVB SimulCrypt)

EIT

Event Information Table (DVB, ATSC, ISDB)

EMM

Entitlement Management Message

EMMG

EMM Generator (DVB SimulCrypt)

EPG

Electronic Program Guide

ERT

Event Relation Table (ISDB)

Elementary Stream

ETSI

European Telecommunications Standards Institute

ETT

Extended Text Table (ATSC)

FEC

Forward Error Correction

FIPS

Federal Information Processing Standard

FLUTE

File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport (RFC 3926)

FTA

Free To Air

GOP

Group Of Pictures

HbbTV

Hybrid broadcast/broadband Television

HE-AAC

High Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding

HLS

HTTP Live Streaming (networking)

HTTP

Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (networking)

HTTPS

Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol - Secure (networking)

IDSA

IIF Default Scrambling Algorithm (cryptography)

IEC

International Electrotechnical Commission

IEEE

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IETF

Internet Engineering Task Force

IIF

IP-TV Interoperability Forum

IIP

ISDB-T Information Packet

INT

IP/MAC Notification Table (DVB)

Internet Protocol (networking)

IPTV

Internet Protocol Television (UDP multicast in operators network)

IPTV

Internet Protocol Television (piracy services)

ISDB

Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting

ISDB-S

ISDB Satellite modulation (ARIB)

ISDB-T

ISDB Terrestrial modulation (ARIB)

ISDB-Tb

ISDB Terrestrial modulation (ABNT-defined Brazilian version)

ISO

International Standardization Organization

ITT

Index Transmission information Table (ISDB)

ITU

International Telecommunication Union

Initialization Vector (cryptography)

LCN

Logical Channel Number (a.k.a. TV channel number)

LDT

Linked Description Table (ISDB)

LIT

Local event Information Table (ISDB)

LNB

Low-Noise Block down-converter (satellite)

MAC

Media Access Control (networking)

MAC

Message Authentication Code (cryptography)

MGT

Master Guide Table (ATSC)

MPE

Multi-Protocol Encapsulation (DVB)

MPEG

Moving Picture Experts Group

MUX

Multiplexer

NBIT

Network Board Information Table (ISDB)

NIST

National Institute of Standards and Technology

NIT

Network Information Table (DVB)

NTSC

National Television Systems Committee

OFCOM

Office of Communications (UK national regulator for TV)

OFDM

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (modulation)

OQPSK

Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (modulation)

OUI

Organizationally Unique Identifier (IEEE assigned)

PAT

Program Association Table (MPEG)

PCAT

Partial Content Announcement Table (ISDB)

PCR

Program Clock Reference

PDS

Private Data Specifier (DVB)

PES

Packetized Elementary Stream

PID

Packet Identifier

PLP

Physical Layer Pipe

PMT

Program Map Table (MPEG)

PRNG

Pseudo-Random Number Generator (cryptography)

PSI

Program Specific Information (MPEG)

PSK

Phase Shift Keying (modulation)

PTS

Presentation Time Stamp

QPSK

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (modulation)

QAM

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (modulation)

RIST

Reliable Internet Stream Transport (network protocol)

RNG

Random Number Generator (cryptography)

RNT

Resolution provider Notification Table (DVB)

RRT

Rating Region Table (ATSC)

Reed-Solomon FEC code

RST

Running Status Table (DVB)

RTP

Real-Time Protocol (networking)

RTT

Rating Text Tavle (ATSC)

SCS

SimulCrypt Synchronizer (DVB SimulCrypt)

SCTE

Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers

SDT

Service Description Table (DVB)

SFN

Single Frequency Network

SHA

Secure Hash Algorithm, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-512, SHA-3 (cryptography)

Service Information (DVB)

SIT

Selection Information Table (DVB)

SMPTE

Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers

SRT

Secure Reliable Transport (network protocol)

SRT

SubRip Text (subtitles format)

STB

Set-Top Box

STD

System Target Decoder

STT

System Time Table (ATSC)

T2-MI

DVB-T2 Modulator Interface

TDT

Time and Date Table (DVB)

TID

Table Identifier

TMCC

Transmission and Multiplexing Configuration Control (ISDB)

TNT

Télévision Numérique Terrestre (French DTTV network)

TOT

Time Offset Table (DVB)

TPS

Transmission Parameter Signalling (modulation)

TRNG

True Random Number Generator (cryptography)

Transport Stream

TSDT

Transport Stream Description Table (MPEG)

TSP

Transport Stream Packet (ISDB)

TVCT

Terrestrial Virtual Channel Table (ATSC)

UDP

User Datagram Protocol (networking)

UNT

Update Notification Table (DVB)

URI

Uniform Resource Identifier

URL

Uniform Resource Locator

UTC

Coordinated Universal Time

UUID

Universal Unique Identifier

UWA

UHD World Association (China)

VBI

Vertical Blanking Interval

VCT

Virtual Channel Table (ATSC)

Bibliography

[AOM-AV1] Alliance for Open Media (AOM): "Carriage of AV1 in MPEG-2 TS", October 2021, https://aomediacodec.github.io/av1-mpeg2-ts/
[ARIB-B10] ARIB STD-B10, V4.6, June 2008: "Service Information for digital broadcasting system" (English version).
[ARIB-B10J] ARIB STD-B10, V5.7, December 2015: "Service Information for digital broadcasting system" (Japanese version).
[ARIB-B16] ARIB STD-B16, V1.1, February 1999: "Digital receiver commonly used for digital satellite; Broadcasting services using communication satellites" (Japanese version).
[ARIB-B21] ARIB STD-B21, V5.11, December 2019: "Receiver for digital broadcasting" (English version).
[ARIB-B24] ARIB STD-B24, V6.4, July 2017: "Data Coding and Transmission Specification for Digital Broadcasting".
[ARIB-B25] ARIB STD-B25, V5.0, March 2007: "Conditional Access System Specifications for Digital Broadcasting".
[ARIB-B31] ARIB STD-B31, V2.2, March 2014: "Transmission System for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting".
[ATSC-A52] ATSC A52, January 2018, "Digital Audio Compression (AC-3, E-AC-3)".
[ATSC-A65] ATSC A65/2013, August 2013: "ATSC Standard: Program and System Information Protocol for Terrestrial Broadcast and Cable".
[ATSC-A69] ATSC A69/2009, December 2009: "ATSC Recommended Practice: Program and System Information Protocol Implementation Guidelines for Broadcasters".
[AVS-TAI-109.6] Audio Video coding Standard Workgroup of China, T/AI 109.6-2022: "Information Technology - Intelligent Media Coding (AVS3) Part 6: Intelligent Media Format"
[AVS-TAI-109.7] Audio Video coding Standard Workgroup of China, T/AI 109.7: "Information Technology - Intelligent Media Coding (AVS3) Part 7"
[BSD-2C] BSD 2-Clause License, http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-2-Clause
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[ETSI-102-727] ETSI TS 102 727, V1.1.1, January 2010: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Multimedia Home Platform (MHP) Specification 1.2.2".
[ETSI-102-773] ETSI TS 102 773, V1.2.1, December 2010, "Modulator Interface (T2-MI) for a second-generation digital terrestrial television broadcasting system (DVB-T2)".
[ETSI-102-809] ETSI TS 102 809, V1.3.1, June 2017: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Signalling and carriage of interactive applications and services in Hybrid broadcast/broadband environments" (HbbTV).
[ETSI-102-825-4] ETSI TS 102 825-4 V1.2.2, December 2013: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Content Protection and Copy Management (DVB-CPCM); Part 4: CPCM System Specification".
[ETSI-102-825-9] ETSI TS 102 825-9 V1.2.1, February 2011: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Content Protection and Copy Management (DVB-CPCM); Part 9: CPCM System Adaptation Layers".
[ETSI-103-127] ETSI TS 103 127, V1.1.1, May 2013: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Content Scrambling Algorithms for DVB-IPTV Services using MPEG2 Transport Streams".
[ETSI-103-197] ETSI TS 103 197, V1.4.1, September 2004: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Head-end implementation of DVB SimulCrypt".
[ETSI-289] ETSI, ETR 289, October 1996: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Support for use of scrambling and Conditional Access (CA) within digital broadcasting systems".
[ETSI-300-468] ETSI EN 300 468, V1.16.1, August 2019: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification for Service Information (SI) in DVB systems".
[ETSI-301-192] ETSI EN 301 192, V1.6.1, August 2015: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); DVB specification for data broadcasting".
[ETSI-301-210] ETSI EN 301 210, V1.1.1, March 1999; "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG) and other contribution applications by satellite".
[ETSI-302-755] ETSI EN 302 755, V1.4.1, July 2015, "Frame structure channel coding and modulation for a second-generation digital terrestrial television broadcasting system (DVB-T2)".
[ETSI-303-560] ETSI EN 303 560, V1.1.1, May 2018; "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); TTML subtitling systems".
[ETSI-Ids] DVB Services; DVB Identifiers, https://www.dvbservices.com/identifiers/
[Fransat] Via Eutelsat Fransat: "Set-Top-Box Specification DVB MPEG-4 HD", V0.0.7, October 2009.
[FTV-AUS] Free TV Australia: "Operational Practice OP-41; Logical Channel Descriptor and Allocation of Logical Channel Numbers", Issue 8, July 2016.
[HiDes] HiDes USB DVB-T modulator adaptors, http://www.hides.com.tw/product_cg74469_eng.html
[HiDes-Drivers] Device drivers for HiDes modulators, https://github.com/tsduck/hides-drivers/
[HomeBrew] HomeBrew, open-source package manager for macOS (or Linux), https://brew.sh/
[Impleo-KLV] Impleo TV Systems Ltd, February 2017, "KLV encoded metadata in STANAG 4609 streams", https://impleotv.com/2017/02/17/klv-encoded-metadata-in-stanag-4609-streams/
[ISO-13818-1] ISO/IEC 13818-1:2018 | ITU-T Recommendation H.222 (2017): "Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Systems" (also known as "MPEG-2 System Layer").
[ISO-13818-6] ISO/IEC 13818-6, July 1998: "Digital Storage Media Command & Control" (DSM-CC).
[ISO-14496-1] ISO/IEC 14496-1, June 2010: "Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects; Part 1: Systems"
[ISO-14496-3] ISO/IEC 14496-3, December 2019: "Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects; Part 3: Audio" (MPEG-4 Audio)
[ISO-23002-3] ISO/IEC 23002-3, October 2007: "Information technology - MPEG video technologies; Part 3: Representation of auxiliary video and supplemental information" (MPEG-C auxiliary video)
[ISO-23008-3] ISO/IEC 23008-3, August 2022: "Information technology — High efficiency coding and media delivery in heterogeneous environments; Part 3: 3D audio" (High efficiency 3D audio):
[LinuxTV] Linux TV Wiki: "How to install DVB device drivers", http://linuxtv.org/wiki/index.php/How_to_install_DVB_device_drivers
[NorDig] NorDig: "Unified Requirements for Integrated Receiver Decoders for use in cable, satellite, terrestrial and managed IPTV based networks", V3.1.1, September 2019.
[RIST] RIST, librist documentation, https://code.videolan.org/rist/librist/-/wikis/LibRIST%20Documentation
[RIST-URL] RIST, URL syntax, https://code.videolan.org/rist/librist/-/wikis/risturl-Syntax-as-of-v.-0.2.0
[SCTE-18] ANSI/SCTE 18 2007, "Emergency Alert Messaging for Cable".
[SCTE-35] ANSI/SCTE 35 2017, "Digital Program Insertion Cueing Message for Cable".
[SCTE-52] ANSI/SCTE 52 2018, "Data Encryption Standard - Cipher Block Chaining Packet Encryption Specification".
[SCTE-164] ANSI/SCTE 164 2019, "Emergency Alert Metadata Descriptor".
[SRT] SRT, libsrt site, https://github.com/Haivision/srt/
[Suntech] Suntechtv U3 USB modulator (VATek-based), https://www.suntechtv.com/web/Home/ProductDetail?key=e593s&productId=23673
[TSDuck] TSDuck Web site, https://tsduck.io/
[TSDuck-Dev] TSDuck Developer’s Guide, https://tsduck.io/download/docs/tsduck-dev.html
[TSDuck-Issues] TSDuck issues tracker and discussion forum, https://github.com/tsduck/tsduck/issues
[TSDuck-Prog] TSDuck Programming Reference, https://tsduck.io/doxy/
[TSDuck-Streams] Repository of sample real-life transport streams, https://tsduck.io/streams
[TSDuck-User] TSDuck User’s Guide, https://tsduck.io/download/docs/tsduck.html
[UWA] UHD World Association, T/UWA 005.2-1-2022 "HDR Video Technology Part 2-1 Application Guide to System Integration".
[VATek] Vision Advance Technology Inc (VATek) corporate home page: https://www.vatek.com.tw/
[VATek-SDK] VATek SDK source code: https://github.com/VisionAdvanceTechnologyInc/vatek_sdk_2
[VLC] VideoLAN VLC Media Player home page, http://www.videolan.org/vlc/

TSDuck User’s Guide

Preface

1. Transport Stream Toolkit Overview

1.1. Operating system selection guidelines

1.2. Developing applications using the TSDuck library

1.3. Installing TSDuck

1.3.1. Windows

1.3.2. Linux

1.3.3. macOS

1.3.4. BSD systems

2. Data Formats

2.1. Transport stream

2.1.1. Live transport streams

2.1.2. Stored transport streams

2.1.3. Support for 204-byte packets

2.2. Bit rates

2.2.1. Interpretation

2.2.2. Representation

2.2.3. Specifying bitrate in command lines

2.2.4. Rebuilding with a different bitrate representation

2.3. PSI/SI signalization

2.3.1. PSI/SI binary format

2.3.1.1. Creating PSI/SI binary files

2.3.1.2. Using PSI/SI binary files

2.3.2. PSI/SI XML format

2.4. Compatibility and conflicts between standards

2.4.1. Supported standards

2.4.2. TSDuck options for default standard selection

2.5. Character sets

2.5.1. Standards and character sets

2.5.2. TSDuck options for character sets

2.5.3. Character set names

2.6. XML files

2.6.1. Usage of XML files in TSDuck

2.6.2. Inline XML content

2.6.3. XML model files

2.6.4. XML patch files

2.6.4.1. Structure matching

2.6.4.2. Special attributes

2.6.4.3. Attribute patching

2.6.4.4. Element patching

2.6.4.5. Examples

2.6.4.6. Symbols and conditions

2.7. JSON and "normalized" report formats

2.7.1. "Normalized" reports

2.7.2. JSON files

2.7.3. Automated XML-to-JSON conversion

2.7.3.1. Conversion rules

2.7.3.2. TSDuck options for automated XML-to-JSON conversion

3. Transport Stream Utilities

3.1. Command line syntax

3.1.1. Command line options

3.1.2. Integer values in command line options

3.1.3. Predefined common options

3.1.4. Using a pager command

3.1.5. Partial command line redirection from a file

3.1.6. Default options from the TSDuck configuration file

3.1.7. Bash command line completion

3.2. tsanalyze

3.3. tsbitrate

3.4. tscharset

3.5. tscmp

3.6. tsconfig

3.7. tscrc32

3.8. tsdate

3.9. tsdektec

3.10. tsdump

3.11. tsecmg

3.12. tseit

3.13. tsemmg

3.14. tsfclean

3.15. tsfixcc

3.16. tsftrunc

3.17. tsfuzz

3.18. tsgenecm

3.19. tshides

3.20. tslatencymonitor

3.21. tslsdvb

3.22. tsp

3.23. tspacketize